口腔微腔成像系统的设计与实现
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摘要
口腔内窥镜是现代口腔医疗诊断中广泛应用的医疗仪器,本文针对牙科医生临床诊断的实际需要设计观察口腔内微小细节的口腔微腔成像系统,进行口腔内窥镜仪器的研制,主要包括口腔内窥镜仪器的总体设计方案的制定、口腔微腔成像光学系统设计、仪器照明系统设计、产品的机械设计以及样机产品的实验测试等部分,并验证口腔内窥镜样机产品能否满足口腔诊断中观察微小细节的实际需要。
本文要进行的主要工作:
1.介绍医疗设备的概念及其发展,阐述口腔医疗设备特别是口腔内窥镜的发展及作用,对常见口腔内窥镜产品的性能和特点进行比较,分析口腔微腔成像系统的研究目的和意义。
2.根据口腔内窥镜的实际使用要求进行口腔内窥镜仪器的整体方案设计。
3.选择系统使用的图像传感器,根据图像传感器的性能参数及口腔内窥镜的具体使用环境,完成光学系统的初始外部结构参数设计,确定镜头类型,选择初始结构,并利用Zemax软件进行光学系统优化设计,进行像质评价,完成口腔内窥镜成像系统设计。
4.分析照明系统的分类及特点,提出口腔内窥镜系统的照明要求,分析LED及光纤照明系统的特点,完成光纤照明系统中光源和光纤的选择设计,设计照明光纤排布型式,计算成像光学系统光能损失并提出口腔内窥镜照明系统的照度要求,通过照度实验测试系统的光照强度,完成照明系统设计。
5.根据口腔内窥镜仪器化要求进行样机产品的机械结构设计,包括整体外形的设计和系统各零部件的装配设计。分析口腔内窥镜机械设计要求,基于solidworks2006进行结构和外形设计,实现光学系统、照明系统及CMOS摄像系统的匹配,并利用solidworks2006转换为工程图格式,作为机械加工的依据,实现口腔内窥镜的样机产品制作。
6.完成口腔内窥镜样机产品的光学成像部分、照明部分及整个系统的实用性方面的实验测试。验证光学系统的成像视场、分辨率,照明系统的照明视场、光照强度及均匀性,整个系统的实用性、可操作性能否达到设计要求,同时发现系统存在的缺点,在以后的工作中进行改进。
Oral cavity endoscope is a medical instrument widely used in modern oral cavity diagnosis. Aiming at meeting the dentists’practical needs for clinic diagnosis, this dissertation designs an oral cavity micro-cavity imaging system to observe the tiny details in oral cavity. It also develops an oral cavity endoscope, including an overall design scheme of the endoscope, a design of oral cavity micro-cavity imaging optical system and illumination system, a mechanical design of the product as well as experimental tests of sample products. It also validates whether or not a sample oral cavity endoscope can meet the actual needs to observe tiny details in oral cavity diagnosis.
The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:
1. It introduces the definition and development of medical instruments; illuminates the development and function of oral cavity medical instruments, oral cavity endoscope in particular; explains the performance and characteristics of some familiar types of oral cavity endoscope products; and analyzes the purpose and significance of the research of oral cavity micro-cavity imaging system.
2. It provides an overall design scheme of oral cavity endoscope based on medical instrument design code and the needs in practical application.
3. It selects and confirms the image sensor used in the system; completes the parameter design of the initial outer structure of the optical system in accordance with the property parameter of the image sensor as well as the detailed conditions and demands in application of the oral cavity endoscope; confirms the system types of camera lens, selects the initial structure, designs the optical system with Zemax software, evaluates the image quality and completes the design of the oral cavity endoscope imaging system.
4. It analyzes the classification and characteristics of illumination system; puts forward the illumination requirement of the oral cavity endoscope system; puts forward the illuminance requirement of the oral cavity endoscope optical system by means of calculating the light loss of the imaging optical system; analyzes the characteristics of LED and fiber illumination; carries out selection and design of light source and fiber in the fiber illumination system; designs the configuration of illumination fiber; tests the light intensity of the system by means of illuminance experiment; and completes the design of the illumination system.
5. It accomplishes mechanical structure design of sample products in accordance with instrumentation requirements of the oral cavity endoscope, including designs of global shape and the assemblage of system components. It analyzes the mechanical design requirements of the oral cavity endoscope; completes mechanical structure design and shape design based on solidworks2006; carries out matching of the optical imaging system, illumination system and CMOS camera system; transforms 3 D design into engineering drawing format, fulfills mechanical processing and develops sample products of the oral cavity endoscope.
6. It carries out experimental tests of the sample endoscope, including tests on optical imaging, illuminating as well as the practicability of the whole system. It verifies the field of view and resolution of the optical system; verifies the illumination field, light intensity and uniformity of the illumination system; verifies the practicability and maneuverability of the whole system; and detects the defects of the system so as to mend them in the future.
本文要进行的主要工作:
1.介绍医疗设备的概念及其发展,阐述口腔医疗设备特别是口腔内窥镜的发展及作用,对常见口腔内窥镜产品的性能和特点进行比较,分析口腔微腔成像系统的研究目的和意义。
2.根据口腔内窥镜的实际使用要求进行口腔内窥镜仪器的整体方案设计。
3.选择系统使用的图像传感器,根据图像传感器的性能参数及口腔内窥镜的具体使用环境,完成光学系统的初始外部结构参数设计,确定镜头类型,选择初始结构,并利用Zemax软件进行光学系统优化设计,进行像质评价,完成口腔内窥镜成像系统设计。
4.分析照明系统的分类及特点,提出口腔内窥镜系统的照明要求,分析LED及光纤照明系统的特点,完成光纤照明系统中光源和光纤的选择设计,设计照明光纤排布型式,计算成像光学系统光能损失并提出口腔内窥镜照明系统的照度要求,通过照度实验测试系统的光照强度,完成照明系统设计。
5.根据口腔内窥镜仪器化要求进行样机产品的机械结构设计,包括整体外形的设计和系统各零部件的装配设计。分析口腔内窥镜机械设计要求,基于solidworks2006进行结构和外形设计,实现光学系统、照明系统及CMOS摄像系统的匹配,并利用solidworks2006转换为工程图格式,作为机械加工的依据,实现口腔内窥镜的样机产品制作。
6.完成口腔内窥镜样机产品的光学成像部分、照明部分及整个系统的实用性方面的实验测试。验证光学系统的成像视场、分辨率,照明系统的照明视场、光照强度及均匀性,整个系统的实用性、可操作性能否达到设计要求,同时发现系统存在的缺点,在以后的工作中进行改进。
Oral cavity endoscope is a medical instrument widely used in modern oral cavity diagnosis. Aiming at meeting the dentists’practical needs for clinic diagnosis, this dissertation designs an oral cavity micro-cavity imaging system to observe the tiny details in oral cavity. It also develops an oral cavity endoscope, including an overall design scheme of the endoscope, a design of oral cavity micro-cavity imaging optical system and illumination system, a mechanical design of the product as well as experimental tests of sample products. It also validates whether or not a sample oral cavity endoscope can meet the actual needs to observe tiny details in oral cavity diagnosis.
The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:
1. It introduces the definition and development of medical instruments; illuminates the development and function of oral cavity medical instruments, oral cavity endoscope in particular; explains the performance and characteristics of some familiar types of oral cavity endoscope products; and analyzes the purpose and significance of the research of oral cavity micro-cavity imaging system.
2. It provides an overall design scheme of oral cavity endoscope based on medical instrument design code and the needs in practical application.
3. It selects and confirms the image sensor used in the system; completes the parameter design of the initial outer structure of the optical system in accordance with the property parameter of the image sensor as well as the detailed conditions and demands in application of the oral cavity endoscope; confirms the system types of camera lens, selects the initial structure, designs the optical system with Zemax software, evaluates the image quality and completes the design of the oral cavity endoscope imaging system.
4. It analyzes the classification and characteristics of illumination system; puts forward the illumination requirement of the oral cavity endoscope system; puts forward the illuminance requirement of the oral cavity endoscope optical system by means of calculating the light loss of the imaging optical system; analyzes the characteristics of LED and fiber illumination; carries out selection and design of light source and fiber in the fiber illumination system; designs the configuration of illumination fiber; tests the light intensity of the system by means of illuminance experiment; and completes the design of the illumination system.
5. It accomplishes mechanical structure design of sample products in accordance with instrumentation requirements of the oral cavity endoscope, including designs of global shape and the assemblage of system components. It analyzes the mechanical design requirements of the oral cavity endoscope; completes mechanical structure design and shape design based on solidworks2006; carries out matching of the optical imaging system, illumination system and CMOS camera system; transforms 3 D design into engineering drawing format, fulfills mechanical processing and develops sample products of the oral cavity endoscope.
6. It carries out experimental tests of the sample endoscope, including tests on optical imaging, illuminating as well as the practicability of the whole system. It verifies the field of view and resolution of the optical system; verifies the illumination field, light intensity and uniformity of the illumination system; verifies the practicability and maneuverability of the whole system; and detects the defects of the system so as to mend them in the future.
引文
[1]邓亲恺,现代医学仪器设计原理[M],北京:科学出版社,2004,10~25
[2]余学飞,医学电子仪器原理与设计[M],广州:华南理工大学出版社,2000,6~20
[3]俞仁康,寿文德,医学仪器原理与设计[M],上海:上海交通大学出版社,1990, 5~18
[4]虞启琏,王琳,赵安宁等,医用光学仪器[M],天津:天津科学技术出版社, 1988,3~30
[5]李励,医用内窥镜的发展历史[J],医疗设备信息,1999,Vol.1(4):51~53
[6]AD Keet, Ch.B., The Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in Health and Disease [M], Spring-Verlag, 1993
[7]王云龙,浅谈牙科治疗设备的发展趋势,当代医学,2000,6(8):36~37
[8]牙科设备的发展与回顾,深圳网,医疗医药,www.sz5.cn
[9]周学东,岳松龄,实用牙体牙髓病治疗学[M],北京:人民卫生出版社,2004, 351~354
[10]Grimbleby JB, Talbot CG. Automatic focusing of medical endoscope cameras[J]. J- Phys- [E], 1983,16(12):1173~1179
[11]张宇,罗二平,秦明新等,数字化口腔内窥镜的设计与实现[J],医疗卫生装备,2006,27(11):15~17
[12]完哲,口腔内窥镜系统临床的应用及未来,口腔医学网,http://www.kq88.com
[13]郑雅卫,一种用于电视导引头的摄像物镜设计[J],光学仪器,2003,25(4): 44~49
[14]程开富,CCD与CMOS图像传感器在微型摄像机中的应用[J],集成电路通讯,2005,23(1):5~9
[15]程开富,CMOS图像传感器的原理及应用[J],半导体情报,2001,38(5): 5~9
[16]连华,林斌,陈伟,图像传感器成像系统[J],光学仪器,2003,25(4):12~19
[17]刘钧,高明,光学设计[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[18]李晓彤,岑兆丰,几何光学像差光学设计[M],杭州:浙江大学出版社,2003
[19]徐金镛,孙培家,光学设计[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1989
[20]福建光学技术研究所,光学镜头手册,北京:国防工业出版社,1980~1992,137~158
[21]邓宏,牙医专用变焦系统和背投光学系统的设计与研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2007
[22]Zemax, Optical Design Program User’s Guide, Version 10.0, Focus Software, Incorporated
[23]刘娜,微结构观测镜光学结构研究与设计:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2003
[24]高杉楠,LED技术对照明的影响[J],中国照明电器,2003,2(1),30~33
[25]MDT/CASTLE, Operatory System, MDT Corporation, 134-188
[26]徐晓星,光纤照明的原理与应用[J],灯与照明,2002,26(5),29~37
[27]康晋,徐晓星,发展中的光纤照明技术[J],发光与照明,2003,2(2),15~18
[28]J.R柯顿,A.M.司马登,陈大华,刘九昌等译,光源与照明[M],上海:复旦大学出版社,1999,80~86
[29]娇晓思,谈色温计算与光源显色性[J],广播与电视技术,2000,1(2),92~96
[30]陈大华,医院照明的设计和应用[J],照明工程学报,2000,11(4),44~48
[31]萧泽新,冷光源的设计[J],广西大学梧州分校学报,1993,2(12),36~41
[32]朱云青,江源,陈莉等,光纤在医学照明上的应用[J],激光杂志,2005,26 (4),66~68
[33]朱云青,徐明泉,赵锦琳等,多组份玻璃光纤在医用照明上的应用[J],试验研究,2004,1(1),7~11
[34]徐明泉,朱云青,赵锦琳,传光束端面的光纤排列[J],玻璃纤维,2003,2 (2),23~25
[35]徐明泉,朱云青,赵锦琳等,多环形光纤照明装置[J],玻璃纤维,2004,1 (2),12~14
[36]张以谟主编,应用光学[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1982,89~119
[37]王新夏,CCD口腔内窥镜结构设计及其工艺分析[J],光学仪器,2004,26 (6),47~51
[38]江洪,单莉,李春表等,SolidWorks机械设计实例解析[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2007,1~10
[39]光学仪器设计手册编辑组,光学仪器设计手册,下册[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1972,654~659
[40]光学仪器设计手册编辑组,光学仪器设计手册,下册[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1972,660~662
[41]光学仪器设计手册编辑组,光学仪器设计手册,上册[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1972,580~588
[42]光学仪器设计手册编辑组,光学仪器设计手册,上册[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1972,579~580
[2]余学飞,医学电子仪器原理与设计[M],广州:华南理工大学出版社,2000,6~20
[3]俞仁康,寿文德,医学仪器原理与设计[M],上海:上海交通大学出版社,1990, 5~18
[4]虞启琏,王琳,赵安宁等,医用光学仪器[M],天津:天津科学技术出版社, 1988,3~30
[5]李励,医用内窥镜的发展历史[J],医疗设备信息,1999,Vol.1(4):51~53
[6]AD Keet, Ch.B., The Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in Health and Disease [M], Spring-Verlag, 1993
[7]王云龙,浅谈牙科治疗设备的发展趋势,当代医学,2000,6(8):36~37
[8]牙科设备的发展与回顾,深圳网,医疗医药,www.sz5.cn
[9]周学东,岳松龄,实用牙体牙髓病治疗学[M],北京:人民卫生出版社,2004, 351~354
[10]Grimbleby JB, Talbot CG. Automatic focusing of medical endoscope cameras[J]. J- Phys- [E], 1983,16(12):1173~1179
[11]张宇,罗二平,秦明新等,数字化口腔内窥镜的设计与实现[J],医疗卫生装备,2006,27(11):15~17
[12]完哲,口腔内窥镜系统临床的应用及未来,口腔医学网,http://www.kq88.com
[13]郑雅卫,一种用于电视导引头的摄像物镜设计[J],光学仪器,2003,25(4): 44~49
[14]程开富,CCD与CMOS图像传感器在微型摄像机中的应用[J],集成电路通讯,2005,23(1):5~9
[15]程开富,CMOS图像传感器的原理及应用[J],半导体情报,2001,38(5): 5~9
[16]连华,林斌,陈伟,图像传感器成像系统[J],光学仪器,2003,25(4):12~19
[17]刘钧,高明,光学设计[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[18]李晓彤,岑兆丰,几何光学像差光学设计[M],杭州:浙江大学出版社,2003
[19]徐金镛,孙培家,光学设计[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1989
[20]福建光学技术研究所,光学镜头手册,北京:国防工业出版社,1980~1992,137~158
[21]邓宏,牙医专用变焦系统和背投光学系统的设计与研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2007
[22]Zemax, Optical Design Program User’s Guide, Version 10.0, Focus Software, Incorporated
[23]刘娜,微结构观测镜光学结构研究与设计:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2003
[24]高杉楠,LED技术对照明的影响[J],中国照明电器,2003,2(1),30~33
[25]MDT/CASTLE, Operatory System, MDT Corporation, 134-188
[26]徐晓星,光纤照明的原理与应用[J],灯与照明,2002,26(5),29~37
[27]康晋,徐晓星,发展中的光纤照明技术[J],发光与照明,2003,2(2),15~18
[28]J.R柯顿,A.M.司马登,陈大华,刘九昌等译,光源与照明[M],上海:复旦大学出版社,1999,80~86
[29]娇晓思,谈色温计算与光源显色性[J],广播与电视技术,2000,1(2),92~96
[30]陈大华,医院照明的设计和应用[J],照明工程学报,2000,11(4),44~48
[31]萧泽新,冷光源的设计[J],广西大学梧州分校学报,1993,2(12),36~41
[32]朱云青,江源,陈莉等,光纤在医学照明上的应用[J],激光杂志,2005,26 (4),66~68
[33]朱云青,徐明泉,赵锦琳等,多组份玻璃光纤在医用照明上的应用[J],试验研究,2004,1(1),7~11
[34]徐明泉,朱云青,赵锦琳,传光束端面的光纤排列[J],玻璃纤维,2003,2 (2),23~25
[35]徐明泉,朱云青,赵锦琳等,多环形光纤照明装置[J],玻璃纤维,2004,1 (2),12~14
[36]张以谟主编,应用光学[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1982,89~119
[37]王新夏,CCD口腔内窥镜结构设计及其工艺分析[J],光学仪器,2004,26 (6),47~51
[38]江洪,单莉,李春表等,SolidWorks机械设计实例解析[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2007,1~10
[39]光学仪器设计手册编辑组,光学仪器设计手册,下册[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1972,654~659
[40]光学仪器设计手册编辑组,光学仪器设计手册,下册[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1972,660~662
[41]光学仪器设计手册编辑组,光学仪器设计手册,上册[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1972,580~588
[42]光学仪器设计手册编辑组,光学仪器设计手册,上册[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1972,579~580