基于软件无线电的QPSK信号调制解调的研究与实现
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摘要
软件无线电是20世纪末提出的一种新的设计思想,它突破了传统的无线电台以硬件为核心的设计模式。其中心思想是构建一个开放的、标准的、模块化的通信硬件平台,用软件的方式来实现各种通信功能。在无线通信中,数字调制与解调技术是一项关键技术,他的好坏直接决定了通信系统的好坏。数字相移键控(PSK)由于其具有频谱利用率高、误码性能好、技术灵活、特别适应于高数据传输与快速衰落信道等突出优势,已经成为了当前各种移动通信的主要调制方式。
本文在对数字相移键控中的π/4-DQPSK的调制与解调进行理论研究的基础上,建立了π/4-DQPSK的差分调制解调的数字通信模型。之后在Xilinx公司ISE软件平台上通过对整个系统模型中的模块进行编程设计,并结合ModelSim对整个通信系统进行了仿真验证。本课题中,在调制发送端完成了基带信号的差分编码、CORDIC算法实现的DDS、π/4-DQPSK调制,并对CORDIC算法进行改进,减少了传统CORDIC算法在流水线处理结构的级数,缩短了系统计算所用时间；在解调接收端完成FIR滤波器、LP环路滤波器、COSTAS环载波恢复等功能模块的设计。同时对软件无线电结构中的模拟前端中的模拟带通滤波器做了一定的研究,设计并实现了一个四阶的中心频率可调开关电容带通滤波器。
所有数字信号调制与解调系统功能模块利用Verilog硬件描述语言进行编写,利用Xinlinx公司System Generator系统建模工具,在Simulink下联合仿真,从而验证了系统设计的正确性。最后是对论文工作的一些总结和对今后工作的展望。
Software Radio (SWR) is a new design ideas proposed in the late 20th Century, which breaks through the hardware radio design patterns in the traditional radio. The central idea of Software Radio is to build an open, standardized, modularized communication hardware platform, and achieve communication with software. In wireless communication, the digital modulation and demodulation is a key technology. Digital phase shift keying (PSK), because of its high spectrum efficiency, BER performance, flexible, is especially suitable for high data transmission and fast fading channels. It has become the main modulation in the current mobile communication systems.
This paper, establishes a system ofπ/4-DQPSK differential modulation and demodulation, based on the studying of theπ/4-DQPSK theory Then, the paper program all the models of this system in the Xilinx Company's ISE software platform, and simulate the entire system combining with the software of ModelSim The models of the modulation system include differential encoding of baseband signal,CORDIC algorithm for DDS,π/4-DQPSK modulation, and improved the CORDIC algorithm in the aspect of reducing the pipeline stages.The models of the demodulation system include FIR filters, LP loop filter, carrier frequency recovery base on COSTAS loop, and so on Meanwhile, this paper research the analog band pass filter and achieved a four-order switched-capacitor bandpass filter,which locate in the SWR's analog part.
All function modules of the digital modulation and demodulation system, programmed by the hardware description language verilog,and the entire systems simulate by System Generator of the Xilinx Company's system modeling tool under the simulink environment. According to the result of simulation, we can finally verify the correctness of system design. The last part is the summary and outlook.
本文在对数字相移键控中的π/4-DQPSK的调制与解调进行理论研究的基础上,建立了π/4-DQPSK的差分调制解调的数字通信模型。之后在Xilinx公司ISE软件平台上通过对整个系统模型中的模块进行编程设计,并结合ModelSim对整个通信系统进行了仿真验证。本课题中,在调制发送端完成了基带信号的差分编码、CORDIC算法实现的DDS、π/4-DQPSK调制,并对CORDIC算法进行改进,减少了传统CORDIC算法在流水线处理结构的级数,缩短了系统计算所用时间；在解调接收端完成FIR滤波器、LP环路滤波器、COSTAS环载波恢复等功能模块的设计。同时对软件无线电结构中的模拟前端中的模拟带通滤波器做了一定的研究,设计并实现了一个四阶的中心频率可调开关电容带通滤波器。
所有数字信号调制与解调系统功能模块利用Verilog硬件描述语言进行编写,利用Xinlinx公司System Generator系统建模工具,在Simulink下联合仿真,从而验证了系统设计的正确性。最后是对论文工作的一些总结和对今后工作的展望。
Software Radio (SWR) is a new design ideas proposed in the late 20th Century, which breaks through the hardware radio design patterns in the traditional radio. The central idea of Software Radio is to build an open, standardized, modularized communication hardware platform, and achieve communication with software. In wireless communication, the digital modulation and demodulation is a key technology. Digital phase shift keying (PSK), because of its high spectrum efficiency, BER performance, flexible, is especially suitable for high data transmission and fast fading channels. It has become the main modulation in the current mobile communication systems.
This paper, establishes a system ofπ/4-DQPSK differential modulation and demodulation, based on the studying of theπ/4-DQPSK theory Then, the paper program all the models of this system in the Xilinx Company's ISE software platform, and simulate the entire system combining with the software of ModelSim The models of the modulation system include differential encoding of baseband signal,CORDIC algorithm for DDS,π/4-DQPSK modulation, and improved the CORDIC algorithm in the aspect of reducing the pipeline stages.The models of the demodulation system include FIR filters, LP loop filter, carrier frequency recovery base on COSTAS loop, and so on Meanwhile, this paper research the analog band pass filter and achieved a four-order switched-capacitor bandpass filter,which locate in the SWR's analog part.
All function modules of the digital modulation and demodulation system, programmed by the hardware description language verilog,and the entire systems simulate by System Generator of the Xilinx Company's system modeling tool under the simulink environment. According to the result of simulation, we can finally verify the correctness of system design. The last part is the summary and outlook.
引文
[1]张敬堂,李红波.现代通信技术[M]北京：国防工业出版社,2004
[2]李式巨,姚庆栋,赵民建.数字无线传输[M]北京：清华大学出版社,2007.1
[3]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良编著.软件无线电原理与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2001.1
[4]Jeffrey H.Reed.软件无线电[M]北京：人民邮电出版社,2004
[5]樊昌信,曹丽娜.通信原理[M]北京：国防工业出版社,2007.3
[6]Alister Burr.Modulation and Coding for Wireless Communication[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[7]Peter G.Cook and Wayne Bonser.Architectural Overview of the SPEAKeasy System[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,V17,1999:;
[8]姜宇柏,游思晴.软件无线电原理与工程应用[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2007.10
[9]黄智伟.FPGA系统设计与实践[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2005.1
[10]任晓东,文博.CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南北京：电子工业出版社.2003
[11]张文广,薛磊蔡,晓霞射.频直接带通采样软件无线电结构分析及其应用[J]电子科技,2004.2
[12]Bernard Sklar著.宋平平,宋铁成,叶芝慧等译.数字通信—基础与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2002.9
[13]张俊杰,郭黎利.软件无线电中带通采样理论的研究[J]信息技术,2005.4
[14]刘建军,李杰,赵恩宝.浅谈QPSK调制技术[J].中国有线电视,2004
[15]余智,余兆明.数字调制技术[J].中国多媒体视讯,2003
[16]金永刚,李志强,等.一种全数字QPSK调制解调器实现方案[J].军事通信技术,2003,(4)：47-50
[17]彭飞,赵继勇.基于FPGA的全数字低中频QPSK调制解调器实现[J].电子设计应用,2003,(9)：21-23
[18]孟生云.基于MATLAB的π/4-DQPSK信号差分解调性能仿真.北京[C]：第 十二届全国青年通信学术会议。
[19]董珊.π/4-QPSK全数字调制解调机：[硕士学位论文].山东：山东大学,2009
[20]刘凌.数字信号处理的FPGA实现[M]北京：清华大学出版社,2007
[21]张晓林,John G.Proakis.数字信号处理—原理、算法与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[22]席德勋.现代电子技术[M]北京：高等教育出版社,2004.4
[23]Volder J E.The CORDIC Trigonometric Computing Technique[J].IEEE Trans.Elec.Comp.,1959.330-4.
[24]Walther J S.A Unified Algorithm for Elementary Functions.[J].SJCC, 1971.379～385
[25]Arthur B.Williams & Fred J.Taylor.电子滤波器设计[M].北京：科学出版社,2008
[26]刘明亮.开关电容电路从入门到精通[M] 北京：人马邮电出版社,2008.7
[27]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M] 北京：高等教育出版社,2005.10
[28]Precision, Low Noise, CMOS, Rail-to-Rail, Input/Output Operational Amplifiers AD8606
[29]Texas Instruments. Dual 10-Ω SPDT Analog Switch TS5A23157[Z],2004
[30]赵建领.Protel电路设计与制板宝典[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007
[31]Sandeep Chennskeshu,CtLSanlnler.Differential detection π/4-DQPSK for digltal cellular adio.IEEE.1991.
[32]田耘,胡彬,徐文波.Xilinx ISE Design Suite 10.X FPGA开发指南[M] 北京：人民邮电出版社,2008
[33]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[34]纪志成,高春能.FPGA数字信号处理设计教程—System Generator入门与提高[M]西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008
[35]飞思技术产品研发中心.MATLAB 7辅助信号处理技术与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2005.3
[36]邵玉斌.Matlab/Simulink通信系统建模与仿真实例分析[M]北京：清华大学出版社,2008
[37]祁玉生.数字移动通信中的π/4-DQPSK的基带差分解调[J].电信科学.1994
[38]雷元武等.并行CORDIC算法及FPGA实现.VOL.30.NO.8.2008.
[39]王文桂,肖晓劲.通信接收机：DSP、软件无线电和设计[M]北京：人马邮电出版社,2003
[40]M.Luise,R.Reggiannini,Carrier frequency recovery in all—digital modems for burst—mode transmissions,IEEE,Trans.Com, V01.43, No.3, pp1 169-1178, 1995
[41]叶准.数字化载波同步环路算法的设计与实现 [工学硕士学位论文]哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学,20067-12-11：75-78
[42]张安安,杜勇,韩方景.全数字Costas环在FPGA上的设计与实现.电子工程师,2006.1(32)18-24
[43]Costas J P.Synchronous Communication.Proceedings of the IRE,1956:1713～1718
[44]胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现[M]北京：清华大学出版社,2009
[45]张晓林,John G.Proakis.数字信号处理—原理、算法与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[46]刘军.黄君凯.易清明一种高速FIR滤波器的设计及实现[期刊论文]-微电子学与计算机2004(7)
[47]刘奡.宽带PLL环路滤波器的设计：[硕士学位论文].南京：东南大学,2006.2
[48]Gardner,F,Charge Pump Phased-Lock Loops,IEEE Trans.Commun.Vol COM-28,1980.11
[49]张厥盛,郑继禹,万心平.锁相技术[M]西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1998
[50]甘秉鸿.BPSK/QPSK信号全数字化解调的研究与设计[硕士学位论文]成都：电子科技大学,2004
[2]李式巨,姚庆栋,赵民建.数字无线传输[M]北京：清华大学出版社,2007.1
[3]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良编著.软件无线电原理与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2001.1
[4]Jeffrey H.Reed.软件无线电[M]北京：人民邮电出版社,2004
[5]樊昌信,曹丽娜.通信原理[M]北京：国防工业出版社,2007.3
[6]Alister Burr.Modulation and Coding for Wireless Communication[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[7]Peter G.Cook and Wayne Bonser.Architectural Overview of the SPEAKeasy System[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,V17,1999:;
[8]姜宇柏,游思晴.软件无线电原理与工程应用[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2007.10
[9]黄智伟.FPGA系统设计与实践[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2005.1
[10]任晓东,文博.CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南北京：电子工业出版社.2003
[11]张文广,薛磊蔡,晓霞射.频直接带通采样软件无线电结构分析及其应用[J]电子科技,2004.2
[12]Bernard Sklar著.宋平平,宋铁成,叶芝慧等译.数字通信—基础与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2002.9
[13]张俊杰,郭黎利.软件无线电中带通采样理论的研究[J]信息技术,2005.4
[14]刘建军,李杰,赵恩宝.浅谈QPSK调制技术[J].中国有线电视,2004
[15]余智,余兆明.数字调制技术[J].中国多媒体视讯,2003
[16]金永刚,李志强,等.一种全数字QPSK调制解调器实现方案[J].军事通信技术,2003,(4)：47-50
[17]彭飞,赵继勇.基于FPGA的全数字低中频QPSK调制解调器实现[J].电子设计应用,2003,(9)：21-23
[18]孟生云.基于MATLAB的π/4-DQPSK信号差分解调性能仿真.北京[C]：第 十二届全国青年通信学术会议。
[19]董珊.π/4-QPSK全数字调制解调机：[硕士学位论文].山东：山东大学,2009
[20]刘凌.数字信号处理的FPGA实现[M]北京：清华大学出版社,2007
[21]张晓林,John G.Proakis.数字信号处理—原理、算法与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[22]席德勋.现代电子技术[M]北京：高等教育出版社,2004.4
[23]Volder J E.The CORDIC Trigonometric Computing Technique[J].IEEE Trans.Elec.Comp.,1959.330-4.
[24]Walther J S.A Unified Algorithm for Elementary Functions.[J].SJCC, 1971.379～385
[25]Arthur B.Williams & Fred J.Taylor.电子滤波器设计[M].北京：科学出版社,2008
[26]刘明亮.开关电容电路从入门到精通[M] 北京：人马邮电出版社,2008.7
[27]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M] 北京：高等教育出版社,2005.10
[28]Precision, Low Noise, CMOS, Rail-to-Rail, Input/Output Operational Amplifiers AD8606
[29]Texas Instruments. Dual 10-Ω SPDT Analog Switch TS5A23157[Z],2004
[30]赵建领.Protel电路设计与制板宝典[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007
[31]Sandeep Chennskeshu,CtLSanlnler.Differential detection π/4-DQPSK for digltal cellular adio.IEEE.1991.
[32]田耘,胡彬,徐文波.Xilinx ISE Design Suite 10.X FPGA开发指南[M] 北京：人民邮电出版社,2008
[33]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[34]纪志成,高春能.FPGA数字信号处理设计教程—System Generator入门与提高[M]西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008
[35]飞思技术产品研发中心.MATLAB 7辅助信号处理技术与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2005.3
[36]邵玉斌.Matlab/Simulink通信系统建模与仿真实例分析[M]北京：清华大学出版社,2008
[37]祁玉生.数字移动通信中的π/4-DQPSK的基带差分解调[J].电信科学.1994
[38]雷元武等.并行CORDIC算法及FPGA实现.VOL.30.NO.8.2008.
[39]王文桂,肖晓劲.通信接收机：DSP、软件无线电和设计[M]北京：人马邮电出版社,2003
[40]M.Luise,R.Reggiannini,Carrier frequency recovery in all—digital modems for burst—mode transmissions,IEEE,Trans.Com, V01.43, No.3, pp1 169-1178, 1995
[41]叶准.数字化载波同步环路算法的设计与实现 [工学硕士学位论文]哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学,20067-12-11：75-78
[42]张安安,杜勇,韩方景.全数字Costas环在FPGA上的设计与实现.电子工程师,2006.1(32)18-24
[43]Costas J P.Synchronous Communication.Proceedings of the IRE,1956:1713～1718
[44]胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现[M]北京：清华大学出版社,2009
[45]张晓林,John G.Proakis.数字信号处理—原理、算法与应用[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[46]刘军.黄君凯.易清明一种高速FIR滤波器的设计及实现[期刊论文]-微电子学与计算机2004(7)
[47]刘奡.宽带PLL环路滤波器的设计：[硕士学位论文].南京：东南大学,2006.2
[48]Gardner,F,Charge Pump Phased-Lock Loops,IEEE Trans.Commun.Vol COM-28,1980.11
[49]张厥盛,郑继禹,万心平.锁相技术[M]西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1998
[50]甘秉鸿.BPSK/QPSK信号全数字化解调的研究与设计[硕士学位论文]成都：电子科技大学,2004