高原环境下生物柴油发动机配装DOC系统后的试验研究
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摘要
面对能源危机和环境污染问题的日益严峻以及排放法规的日趋严格,发展和使用代用燃料并使用后处理技术迫在眉睫。生物柴油的理化特性不仅与柴油相似还优于柴油,因此在国内外受到广泛关注。DOC(氧化催化转化器)系统由于结构简单,维护方便,成本较低,在国外已成为满足欧3及欧3以上排放法规的主要技术。但国内对生物柴油和DOC系统在柴油机上的应用研究远落后于国外,尤其是在高原地区的研究甚少。因此本文在地处高原的昆明地区研究了生物柴油和DOC系统对柴油机性能的影响。
本研究在大气压力为81kPa(昆明地区)的情况下对4100QBZL柴油机燃用柴油,纯生物柴油以及不同体积比的柴油/生物柴油混合燃料并加装DOC系统进行了动力性、经济性、噪声以及排放性能的对比试验；分析了生物柴油和DOC系统对柴油机性能的影响。
试验结果表明：掺烧生物柴油后,发动机动力性和经济性随生物柴油掺混比的增加而下降,但纯生物柴油的有效热效率较柴油高；掺混比在30%以内的噪声与柴油相当,纯生物柴油噪声低于柴油；CO、HC和碳烟排放明显降低,平均下降幅度分别为11.2%～39.9%,7.6%～21.9%和13.4%-49.5%,但纯生物柴油的NOx排放稍高于柴油,比排放超出欧1标准6.5%,；加装DOC后,柴油和生物柴油的动力性和经济性均略有下降；CO、HC和碳烟排放都有不同程度的降低,最高转化率分别达91.1%,86.3%和37.9%,NOx排放也略有降低。但DOC在大于400℃的高温下受S的影响较大,使转化率下降,且柴油的降低效果略低于生物柴油。
Faced with the increasingly serious energy crisis and the environmental pollution problems as well as the increasingly stringent emission regulations, the development and use of alternative fuels as well as installing post-processing techniques extremely urgent. Biodiesel's properties are not only similar but also better than diesel, thus it is being widely noticed at home and abroad. Because the DOC system has simple structure, low cost and maintenance friendly, it has become the main technology to meet the Euro 3 and over Euro 3 emission regulations in foreign countries. But the application study of biodiesel and DOC systems on diesel engine diesel engine is far behind foreign countries, especially in the plateau region this study is very little. Therefore, this article studied the effect of biodiesel and DOC systems on diesel engine performance.
This study conducted dynamic property, economical efficiency, noise and emission performance contrast test on 4100QBZL engine, when the engine fueled with diesel, pure biodiesel and different volume ratio of diesel/biodiesel blends, as well as retrofitting DOC system under 81kPa atmospheric pressures (Kunming).
The result showed that:when fueled with biodiesel, the engine power and economy will decrease with the increase of biodiesel mixed ratio, but the brake thermal efficiency of pure biodiesel was above diesel; The noise power of biodiesel mixed ratio within 30% were equivalent to diesel, while the pure biodiesel's noise power was lower than diesel; compared with diesel, CO, HC and soot emissions significantly reduced, they averagely reduced by 11.2%～39.9%,7.6%～21.9% and 13.4%～49.5% respectively, but the NOx emissions of pure biodiesel slightly increased and its brake specific emission was above Euro 1 emission standard by 6.5%; After installing the DOC, the power and economy of diesel and biodiesel slightly declined; CO, HC and soot emissions reduced to varying degrees, their highest conversion rates were 91.1%,86.3% and 37.9% respectively, NOx emissions also slightly decreased. But in more than 400℃temperature, DOC will be affected by sulfur easily, so the reduction efficiency will decreased and the reduction efficiency of diesel was inferior to biodiesel.
本研究在大气压力为81kPa(昆明地区)的情况下对4100QBZL柴油机燃用柴油,纯生物柴油以及不同体积比的柴油/生物柴油混合燃料并加装DOC系统进行了动力性、经济性、噪声以及排放性能的对比试验；分析了生物柴油和DOC系统对柴油机性能的影响。
试验结果表明：掺烧生物柴油后,发动机动力性和经济性随生物柴油掺混比的增加而下降,但纯生物柴油的有效热效率较柴油高；掺混比在30%以内的噪声与柴油相当,纯生物柴油噪声低于柴油；CO、HC和碳烟排放明显降低,平均下降幅度分别为11.2%～39.9%,7.6%～21.9%和13.4%-49.5%,但纯生物柴油的NOx排放稍高于柴油,比排放超出欧1标准6.5%,；加装DOC后,柴油和生物柴油的动力性和经济性均略有下降；CO、HC和碳烟排放都有不同程度的降低,最高转化率分别达91.1%,86.3%和37.9%,NOx排放也略有降低。但DOC在大于400℃的高温下受S的影响较大,使转化率下降,且柴油的降低效果略低于生物柴油。
Faced with the increasingly serious energy crisis and the environmental pollution problems as well as the increasingly stringent emission regulations, the development and use of alternative fuels as well as installing post-processing techniques extremely urgent. Biodiesel's properties are not only similar but also better than diesel, thus it is being widely noticed at home and abroad. Because the DOC system has simple structure, low cost and maintenance friendly, it has become the main technology to meet the Euro 3 and over Euro 3 emission regulations in foreign countries. But the application study of biodiesel and DOC systems on diesel engine diesel engine is far behind foreign countries, especially in the plateau region this study is very little. Therefore, this article studied the effect of biodiesel and DOC systems on diesel engine performance.
This study conducted dynamic property, economical efficiency, noise and emission performance contrast test on 4100QBZL engine, when the engine fueled with diesel, pure biodiesel and different volume ratio of diesel/biodiesel blends, as well as retrofitting DOC system under 81kPa atmospheric pressures (Kunming).
The result showed that:when fueled with biodiesel, the engine power and economy will decrease with the increase of biodiesel mixed ratio, but the brake thermal efficiency of pure biodiesel was above diesel; The noise power of biodiesel mixed ratio within 30% were equivalent to diesel, while the pure biodiesel's noise power was lower than diesel; compared with diesel, CO, HC and soot emissions significantly reduced, they averagely reduced by 11.2%～39.9%,7.6%～21.9% and 13.4%～49.5% respectively, but the NOx emissions of pure biodiesel slightly increased and its brake specific emission was above Euro 1 emission standard by 6.5%; After installing the DOC, the power and economy of diesel and biodiesel slightly declined; CO, HC and soot emissions reduced to varying degrees, their highest conversion rates were 91.1%,86.3% and 37.9% respectively, NOx emissions also slightly decreased. But in more than 400℃temperature, DOC will be affected by sulfur easily, so the reduction efficiency will decreased and the reduction efficiency of diesel was inferior to biodiesel.
引文
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[4]邢春鸿.直喷式柴油机燃用生物柴油的性能与排放研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].太原理工大学,2007,5
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[7]覃军,刘海锋.柴油机掺烧不同比例生物柴油的试验研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2007,13(4)：28～30
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[10]Magin, Jose Rodriguez-Fernandez. Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.2008,34:198-223.
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[15]Chang, Van Germen. Determination of Particulate and Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions from Diesel Engines Fueled with Biodiesel. SAE Paper.982527
[16]吴伟光.生物柴油发展现状、影响与展望[J].农业工程学报.2009,25(3)：65-68
[17]袁银南,张恬,梅德清等.直喷式柴油机燃用生物柴油燃烧特性的研究[J].内燃机学报.2007,25(1)：43-46
[18]葛蕴珊,何超,韩秀坤等.柴油机燃用生物柴油的多环芳香烃排放试验研究[J].内燃机工程.2007,25(1)：125-129
[19]李湘萍,张晓,周昌等.在直喷式柴油机上燃用低比例生物柴油和柴油的试验研究[J].内燃机工程.2008,29(4)：134～138
[20]张丽坤,张武高,张利静.增压柴油机燃用不同掺比菜籽油甲酯的燃烧和排放的试验研究[J].内燃机工程.2007,28(6)：46-49
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[22]Hallstrom K,Schiavon J M.欧4与欧5柴油机排放控制系统综述[J].国外内燃机,2008(6)：45～48
[23]Mitsuru Hosoya, Masatoshi. The application of diesel oxidation catalysts to heavy duty diesel engines in Japan. Applied Catalysis.1996,21 (10):83-97
[24]Chatterjee S,Walker A, Blakeman P.重型柴油机达到欧4和欧5标准的排放控制方案[J].国外内燃机,2009(2)：13-16
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[26]孙书生.生物质燃油的特性及其在柴油机上的应用研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].中国科学技术大,2009,5
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[29]Pedro M, Joana Neiva Correia. Waste Man-agreement.2006,26(5):487-494.
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