SP二元驱用乳化剂及驱油效率影响因素研究
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摘要
建立了油田用乳化剂乳化性能评价新方法,探讨了驱油剂乳化作用机理和乳化作用对SP二元复合驱提高采收率的影响,并对影响SP二元复合驱提高采收率的主要影响因素进行了考察和排序。
本课题在综合各国颁、部颁标准的基础上,采用自制乳化机,主要针对油田用乳化剂,制备乳状液,评价其乳化性能。自制乳化机采用筛网设计,更好地模拟了实际地层油藏条件。确定了乳化稳定性的测定条件,即:实验油水比2:8,乳化机运行速度2m/min,乳化时间为1h,该条件下形成的乳化液最稳定。乳化力测试采用光度法,乳化剂质量浓度确定为0.05%。评价方法综合了乳化稳定性和乳化力两个因素,提出了乳化综合指数的概念,更多角度、全方位地评价油田用乳化剂的乳化性能。
聚合物/表面活性剂(SP)二元驱是继聚合物驱和三元复合驱后又一提高采收率技术,其主要增油机理是在水中加入聚合物和表面活性剂,利用聚合物的流度控制能力及表面活性剂大幅度降低油水界面张力的特性,达到既提高波及系数又提高洗油效率的效果,最终实现提高采收率的目的。在对SP二元驱驱油机理进行了全面调研的基础上,系统地从宏观角度研究了SP二元复合驱油体系对水驱后残余油的作用。通过宏观驱油实验,利用天然贝雷岩心,对表面活性剂驱的驱油过程进行记录,探讨了不同粘度等级、界面张力等级、乳化性能等级对SP二元驱提高采收率的影响,并进行了排序。
宏观物模实验结果表明,高黏弹性低界面张力体系,可以得到最高的驱油效率和波及体积;粘弹性对提高采收率的影响最大,界面张力和乳化性能也对SP二元驱采收率的提高起到很大的作用,研究发现,当驱油剂体系的界面张力处于10-1等级时,对于水湿岩心来说,乳化性能越好驱油效率越高,此时,乳化作用更显有突出的作用效果。
The new emulsification performance method for emulsifier was established, the emulsification mechanism of oil displacement agent and its effect on the recovery of SP binary combination flooding were discussed, besides, the influencing factors on SP Flooding were also studied and sorted.
In this subject, based on the national standards and ministerial standards, with self-made emulsifying machine, the emulsion mainly used in oilfield was prepared and evaluated. Emulsifying machine was made with meshes to better simulate the actual formation reservoir conditions. The measurement conditions of emulsifying stability were determined, that is, when the oil water ratio is 2:8, the emulsifying machine speed is 2m/min, and emulsifying time is 1h, the formed emulsion is the most stable. Spectrophotometry method was applied for emulsifying ability test, and emulsifier concentration is 0.05%. The evaluation has combined both emulsfying stability and emulsifying ability, the concept of emulsion composite index was also proposed to evaluated the emusifying ability in more angles and aspects.
Polymer/surfactant (SP) binary flooding is an EOR technology following polymer flooding and ASP flooding, and its main mechanism is, by adding polymer and surfactant in injection water, the mobility control ability of polymer and a significant reduction of oil-water interfacial tension of surfactant are utilized, the sweep efficiency as well as the displacement efficiency are both improved, and ultimately the oil recovery is also improved. On the basis of a comprehensive research in the mechanism of SP flooding, the mechnism of SP system on residual oil was investigated from a macroscopic perspective systematically. Through oil flooding experiment with natural Berea cores, oil displacement process of surfactant flooding was recorded, and the effect of different viscosity grades, interfacial tensions, emulsification performance on SP Flooding recovery were discussed and sorted.
Macroscopic experimental results showed that the system with high elasticity and low interfacial tension can get the highest sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency; viscoelasticity has the greatest impact on enhancing oil recovery, and interfacial tension and emulsification also play significant roles in the recovery ratio improvement. It was also found in the study that when the interfacial tension of oil displacement agent was at the magnitude of 10-1 level, for the water-wet core, the better the emusification performance was, the higher the dispalcement efficiency was. Emulsification took on a prominent effect in this situation.
本课题在综合各国颁、部颁标准的基础上,采用自制乳化机,主要针对油田用乳化剂,制备乳状液,评价其乳化性能。自制乳化机采用筛网设计,更好地模拟了实际地层油藏条件。确定了乳化稳定性的测定条件,即:实验油水比2:8,乳化机运行速度2m/min,乳化时间为1h,该条件下形成的乳化液最稳定。乳化力测试采用光度法,乳化剂质量浓度确定为0.05%。评价方法综合了乳化稳定性和乳化力两个因素,提出了乳化综合指数的概念,更多角度、全方位地评价油田用乳化剂的乳化性能。
聚合物/表面活性剂(SP)二元驱是继聚合物驱和三元复合驱后又一提高采收率技术,其主要增油机理是在水中加入聚合物和表面活性剂,利用聚合物的流度控制能力及表面活性剂大幅度降低油水界面张力的特性,达到既提高波及系数又提高洗油效率的效果,最终实现提高采收率的目的。在对SP二元驱驱油机理进行了全面调研的基础上,系统地从宏观角度研究了SP二元复合驱油体系对水驱后残余油的作用。通过宏观驱油实验,利用天然贝雷岩心,对表面活性剂驱的驱油过程进行记录,探讨了不同粘度等级、界面张力等级、乳化性能等级对SP二元驱提高采收率的影响,并进行了排序。
宏观物模实验结果表明,高黏弹性低界面张力体系,可以得到最高的驱油效率和波及体积;粘弹性对提高采收率的影响最大,界面张力和乳化性能也对SP二元驱采收率的提高起到很大的作用,研究发现,当驱油剂体系的界面张力处于10-1等级时,对于水湿岩心来说,乳化性能越好驱油效率越高,此时,乳化作用更显有突出的作用效果。
The new emulsification performance method for emulsifier was established, the emulsification mechanism of oil displacement agent and its effect on the recovery of SP binary combination flooding were discussed, besides, the influencing factors on SP Flooding were also studied and sorted.
In this subject, based on the national standards and ministerial standards, with self-made emulsifying machine, the emulsion mainly used in oilfield was prepared and evaluated. Emulsifying machine was made with meshes to better simulate the actual formation reservoir conditions. The measurement conditions of emulsifying stability were determined, that is, when the oil water ratio is 2:8, the emulsifying machine speed is 2m/min, and emulsifying time is 1h, the formed emulsion is the most stable. Spectrophotometry method was applied for emulsifying ability test, and emulsifier concentration is 0.05%. The evaluation has combined both emulsfying stability and emulsifying ability, the concept of emulsion composite index was also proposed to evaluated the emusifying ability in more angles and aspects.
Polymer/surfactant (SP) binary flooding is an EOR technology following polymer flooding and ASP flooding, and its main mechanism is, by adding polymer and surfactant in injection water, the mobility control ability of polymer and a significant reduction of oil-water interfacial tension of surfactant are utilized, the sweep efficiency as well as the displacement efficiency are both improved, and ultimately the oil recovery is also improved. On the basis of a comprehensive research in the mechanism of SP flooding, the mechnism of SP system on residual oil was investigated from a macroscopic perspective systematically. Through oil flooding experiment with natural Berea cores, oil displacement process of surfactant flooding was recorded, and the effect of different viscosity grades, interfacial tensions, emulsification performance on SP Flooding recovery were discussed and sorted.
Macroscopic experimental results showed that the system with high elasticity and low interfacial tension can get the highest sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency; viscoelasticity has the greatest impact on enhancing oil recovery, and interfacial tension and emulsification also play significant roles in the recovery ratio improvement. It was also found in the study that when the interfacial tension of oil displacement agent was at the magnitude of 10-1 level, for the water-wet core, the better the emusification performance was, the higher the dispalcement efficiency was. Emulsification took on a prominent effect in this situation.
引文
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[7]伍晓林,张国印.石油羧酸盐的研制及其在三次采油中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(1):62-63.
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[14]王海峰,杨勇.新型Gemini表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用前景[J].油气地质与采收率,2003,10(6):59-61.
[15] Yang Jie,Qiao Weihong,Li Zongshi.Effects of branching in hexadecylbenzene sulfonate isomers on interracial tension behavior in oil/alkali systems[J].Fuel,2005,84(12-13): 1607-1611.
[16] Zhongkui Zhao,Chenguang Bi,Weihong Qiao,eta1.Dynamicinterfacial tensionbehavirof the novel surfactant solutions and Daqing crude oil[J].Colloids andSurfaces A:Physi-cochem.Eng.Aspects,2007,29(4):191-202.
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