稠油热采井套管柱损坏机理及预防措施研究
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摘要
在油田的开发过程中,采油套管损坏给油田造成了巨大的经济损失。通过对油田现场稠油热采井套管的主要破坏形式和部位特点的调研分析,结合稠油热采井油层出砂严重等特点,采用理论分析、数值计算的方法,研究了稠油热采井在不同的热采措施下引起套管损坏的机理及预防措施。
以地层-水泥环-套管组合系统为研究对象,根据弹性力学理论,分析了套管、水泥环在理想状况下受非均匀地应力和均匀内压共同作用时的承载特性,给出了油井生产过程中套管壁上的应力分量计算表达式。进而揭示了水泥环的弹性模量、壁厚及套管壁厚等因素对套管和水泥环受力分布的影响规律。以泥岩蠕变地层为例,阐明了流变地层中套管容易发生破坏的原因。
基于普氏自然平衡拱理论,考虑套管与地层的相互作用,通过对油层出砂引起的空洞形态分析,给出了油层出砂形成空洞后淘空段套管所受轴向力的计算公式。从而建立了套管失稳破坏与出砂量之间的关系,并分析了不同的钢级和壁厚对套管发生失稳破坏时出砂量的影响。
将水泥环及围岩对套管的约束处理成沿套管轴连续分布的径向弹簧约束,通过近似的三维解析计算,推导了由于地层下陷附加于套管的应力计算表达式。同时考虑地应力、地层下陷附加于套管的应力,以及注汽过程中的热应力,建立了常规井和热采井中由于地层下陷对套管应力影响的分析方法。
根据弹性力学理论,推导了套管在热应力和非均匀地应力作用下的三轴应力计算表达式,以使得套管的有效应力控制在其相应温度下的最小屈服极限内为原则,建立了一套适合稠油热采井的套管柱三轴预应力计算方法及套管柱强度设计校核方法。通过研究成果的现场应用,验证了所建立的分析理论及应用方法的可靠性和有效性。
During the oilfield development, casing damage will cause tremendous economic loss. Through analyzing main casing damage forms and positions in heavy oil thermal recovery wells, combined with field severely sanding characteristics, using theoretical analysis and numerical calculation methods, mechanism and prevention of casing damage in heavy oil thermal recovery wells were researched under different thermal recovery conditions.
The stress of casing and cement sheath which is subject to non-uniform geologic stress on the outer surface and hydrostatic pressure on the inner surface were analyzed by studying the stratum-cement sheath-casing combination. Based on the elastic theory, stress components of casing during production were deduced. The influence of elastic modulus and wall thickness of cement sheath and wall thickness of casing on the stress of casing and cement sheath was studied. Taking mudstone creep formation as an example, the reason of casing damage due to creep was analyzed.
Based on the theory of M.M.PROMOJIYFAKONOV, cavity configuration was analyzed by considering the interaction of casing and formation. The calculation formula of the axial force acting on the casing at the cavity was deduced. The relation between casing destabilization damage and sand production volume was established. The influence of different steel grades and wall thickness of casing on sand production volume was analyzed while casing was destabilized.
Assuming the constraint of cement sheath and wall rock to casing to be continuously distributed radial spring constraint along casing axis, stress formulas of casing caused by stratum subsidence were deduced through an approximate 3D analytic method. Considering the geologic stress, the stress caused by stratum subsidence and thermal stress, a method was established to analyze the influence of stratum subsidence on casing in conventional wells and thermal recovery wells.
Based on the elastic theory, the triaxial stress formulas of casing under thermal stress and non-uniform geologic stress were derived. According to the principle that the casing’s Mises stress should be under the minimal yield strength, the triaxial prestress of casing was deduced. A method was presented to design and check casing strength in heavy oil thermal recovery wells. Reliability and validity of analysis theories and application methods established in this dissertation were verified through the field application.
以地层-水泥环-套管组合系统为研究对象,根据弹性力学理论,分析了套管、水泥环在理想状况下受非均匀地应力和均匀内压共同作用时的承载特性,给出了油井生产过程中套管壁上的应力分量计算表达式。进而揭示了水泥环的弹性模量、壁厚及套管壁厚等因素对套管和水泥环受力分布的影响规律。以泥岩蠕变地层为例,阐明了流变地层中套管容易发生破坏的原因。
基于普氏自然平衡拱理论,考虑套管与地层的相互作用,通过对油层出砂引起的空洞形态分析,给出了油层出砂形成空洞后淘空段套管所受轴向力的计算公式。从而建立了套管失稳破坏与出砂量之间的关系,并分析了不同的钢级和壁厚对套管发生失稳破坏时出砂量的影响。
将水泥环及围岩对套管的约束处理成沿套管轴连续分布的径向弹簧约束,通过近似的三维解析计算,推导了由于地层下陷附加于套管的应力计算表达式。同时考虑地应力、地层下陷附加于套管的应力,以及注汽过程中的热应力,建立了常规井和热采井中由于地层下陷对套管应力影响的分析方法。
根据弹性力学理论,推导了套管在热应力和非均匀地应力作用下的三轴应力计算表达式,以使得套管的有效应力控制在其相应温度下的最小屈服极限内为原则,建立了一套适合稠油热采井的套管柱三轴预应力计算方法及套管柱强度设计校核方法。通过研究成果的现场应用,验证了所建立的分析理论及应用方法的可靠性和有效性。
During the oilfield development, casing damage will cause tremendous economic loss. Through analyzing main casing damage forms and positions in heavy oil thermal recovery wells, combined with field severely sanding characteristics, using theoretical analysis and numerical calculation methods, mechanism and prevention of casing damage in heavy oil thermal recovery wells were researched under different thermal recovery conditions.
The stress of casing and cement sheath which is subject to non-uniform geologic stress on the outer surface and hydrostatic pressure on the inner surface were analyzed by studying the stratum-cement sheath-casing combination. Based on the elastic theory, stress components of casing during production were deduced. The influence of elastic modulus and wall thickness of cement sheath and wall thickness of casing on the stress of casing and cement sheath was studied. Taking mudstone creep formation as an example, the reason of casing damage due to creep was analyzed.
Based on the theory of M.M.PROMOJIYFAKONOV, cavity configuration was analyzed by considering the interaction of casing and formation. The calculation formula of the axial force acting on the casing at the cavity was deduced. The relation between casing destabilization damage and sand production volume was established. The influence of different steel grades and wall thickness of casing on sand production volume was analyzed while casing was destabilized.
Assuming the constraint of cement sheath and wall rock to casing to be continuously distributed radial spring constraint along casing axis, stress formulas of casing caused by stratum subsidence were deduced through an approximate 3D analytic method. Considering the geologic stress, the stress caused by stratum subsidence and thermal stress, a method was established to analyze the influence of stratum subsidence on casing in conventional wells and thermal recovery wells.
Based on the elastic theory, the triaxial stress formulas of casing under thermal stress and non-uniform geologic stress were derived. According to the principle that the casing’s Mises stress should be under the minimal yield strength, the triaxial prestress of casing was deduced. A method was presented to design and check casing strength in heavy oil thermal recovery wells. Reliability and validity of analysis theories and application methods established in this dissertation were verified through the field application.
引文
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