裂缝性油藏岩石力学特性及其对水力压裂起裂的影响研究
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摘要
随着我国勘探开发程度的不断加深,近年来新探明的油藏类型越来越复杂,特别是裂缝性油藏的探明储量不断增加。裂缝性油藏由于天然裂缝的存在,在开发中后期注水压力较高的情况下容易发生暴性水淹。目前,对水力压裂井的产能研究较多,而对天然裂缝发育油藏的岩石力学特性及其对水力压裂起裂的影响研究还较少,因此基于裂缝性油藏的岩石力学特性及其对水力压裂起裂的研究是十分必要的。
文章首先针对东北某区块裂缝性油藏,永进某区块特深性油藏和塔河某区块碳酸盐岩储层三种油藏,运用动态试验法和静态试验法研究裂缝性油藏的岩石力学特性参数(弹性模量,泊松比等),得出了裂缝性油藏的岩石力学特性规律;
其次对天然裂缝的开启预测进行理论研究,得出天然裂缝开启和发展的条件和影响因素;对裂缝性岩石的开裂进行力学分析,得出对于有天然裂缝的裂缝性油藏在水力压裂时,当处于恰当的条件下,天然裂缝将早于水力压裂裂缝出现;由于存在天然裂缝的油藏的滤失量并不是恒定不变的,天然裂缝的存在很大程度地影响了压力降曲线改变,通过G函数的导函数在理论上分析预测天然裂缝。
最后结合东北某区块,永进某区块和塔河某区块实际工程实例,结合存在天然裂缝和岩石力学特性不同,对支撑剂的导流能力和力学性能进行选择;结合岩石力学特性的不同,以及对压裂设备和管柱的承压要求的不同,合理指导选用压裂设备和管柱;通过测井资料可以获得压力降曲线,结合G函数的导函数预测天然裂缝,指导水力压裂。
As the exploration and development to deepen in China, in recent years the reservoir type of new proven to be more complex, especially the proved reserves of fractured reservoirs is increasing. Because of the presence of natural fractures in fractured reservoirs, it is prone to be the violence flood in the case of high injection pressure in the post development. Currently, the investigation on capacity of hydraulic fracturing wells is more, while the hydraulic fracturing study on the impact of considering rock mechanical properties in natural fractures reservoir is also less, so it is very necessary that the study of hydraulic fracturing initiation based on the rock mechanical properties in the fractured reservoir.
This article, firstly through three reservoir-the Yao Yingtai fractured reservoir, Yong Jin NO.1 depth reservoir and Ta He carbonate oilfield, using dynamic test method and static test method to study the rock mechanics characteristic parameters (elastic modulus and poisson's ratio etc)of fractured reservoir, concluded that the rule of rock mechanics properties in fractured reservoir;
Secondly, through the prediction theory of natural fracture opening, we draw on the conditions and influencing factors of natural fracture opening and development; through the mechanical analysis of fractured rock cracking, we obtained that natural fractures will occur earlier than the hydraulic fracture, When in the right conditions, for the existence of natural fractures in the fractured reservoirs in the hydraulic fracturing; due to the presence of natural fractures in the reservoir the fluid loss is not constant, the presence of natural fractures affecting the chang of pressure drop curve a large extent, we predict natural fractures through the theoretical analysis of the derivatives of the G function;
Finally, with Yao Yingtai, Yong Jin NO.1 and Ta He oilfield engineering examples, we choose the proppant of conductivity and mechanical properties combined with existing natural fractures and different of rock mechanical properties; The different mechanical properties of rock, the different requirements to fracturing equipment and column of the pressure, we are guided rationally to select fracturing equipment and string; through log data obtaining the pressure drop curve, with the derivatives of G the function predicting of natural fracture, they can instruct hydraulic fracturing.
文章首先针对东北某区块裂缝性油藏,永进某区块特深性油藏和塔河某区块碳酸盐岩储层三种油藏,运用动态试验法和静态试验法研究裂缝性油藏的岩石力学特性参数(弹性模量,泊松比等),得出了裂缝性油藏的岩石力学特性规律;
其次对天然裂缝的开启预测进行理论研究,得出天然裂缝开启和发展的条件和影响因素;对裂缝性岩石的开裂进行力学分析,得出对于有天然裂缝的裂缝性油藏在水力压裂时,当处于恰当的条件下,天然裂缝将早于水力压裂裂缝出现;由于存在天然裂缝的油藏的滤失量并不是恒定不变的,天然裂缝的存在很大程度地影响了压力降曲线改变,通过G函数的导函数在理论上分析预测天然裂缝。
最后结合东北某区块,永进某区块和塔河某区块实际工程实例,结合存在天然裂缝和岩石力学特性不同,对支撑剂的导流能力和力学性能进行选择;结合岩石力学特性的不同,以及对压裂设备和管柱的承压要求的不同,合理指导选用压裂设备和管柱;通过测井资料可以获得压力降曲线,结合G函数的导函数预测天然裂缝,指导水力压裂。
As the exploration and development to deepen in China, in recent years the reservoir type of new proven to be more complex, especially the proved reserves of fractured reservoirs is increasing. Because of the presence of natural fractures in fractured reservoirs, it is prone to be the violence flood in the case of high injection pressure in the post development. Currently, the investigation on capacity of hydraulic fracturing wells is more, while the hydraulic fracturing study on the impact of considering rock mechanical properties in natural fractures reservoir is also less, so it is very necessary that the study of hydraulic fracturing initiation based on the rock mechanical properties in the fractured reservoir.
This article, firstly through three reservoir-the Yao Yingtai fractured reservoir, Yong Jin NO.1 depth reservoir and Ta He carbonate oilfield, using dynamic test method and static test method to study the rock mechanics characteristic parameters (elastic modulus and poisson's ratio etc)of fractured reservoir, concluded that the rule of rock mechanics properties in fractured reservoir;
Secondly, through the prediction theory of natural fracture opening, we draw on the conditions and influencing factors of natural fracture opening and development; through the mechanical analysis of fractured rock cracking, we obtained that natural fractures will occur earlier than the hydraulic fracture, When in the right conditions, for the existence of natural fractures in the fractured reservoirs in the hydraulic fracturing; due to the presence of natural fractures in the reservoir the fluid loss is not constant, the presence of natural fractures affecting the chang of pressure drop curve a large extent, we predict natural fractures through the theoretical analysis of the derivatives of the G function;
Finally, with Yao Yingtai, Yong Jin NO.1 and Ta He oilfield engineering examples, we choose the proppant of conductivity and mechanical properties combined with existing natural fractures and different of rock mechanical properties; The different mechanical properties of rock, the different requirements to fracturing equipment and column of the pressure, we are guided rationally to select fracturing equipment and string; through log data obtaining the pressure drop curve, with the derivatives of G the function predicting of natural fracture, they can instruct hydraulic fracturing.
引文
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[6]王洪光,许爱云,王皆明,朱亚东,于立新.裂缝性油藏改建地下储气库注采能力评价[J].天然气工业,2005,25 (12)
[7]张吉昌,刘月田,丁燕飞,郭小哲,张华昌,程时清.裂缝各向异性油藏孔隙度和渗透率计算方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(5)
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[10]范铭涛,沈全意,吴辉,罗利,刘子平.复杂岩性裂缝—孔隙型储层孔隙度计算方法研究[J].天然气工业,2005,25 (5):29-30
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[12] Yin Guangzhi, Li Xiaoshuang, Zhao Hongbao. Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of coarse sandstone after high temperature under conventional triaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28(3)
[13]王敏生,李祖奎.测井声波预测岩石力学特性的研究与应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24 (1)
[14]谢和平.中国岩石力学与岩石工程的世纪成就与展望[A].第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,2004,1-10
[15]吕霁,崔颖辉,刘佳,鲁海.岩石力学强度理论的研究现状分析[J].北方工业大学学报,2010,22 (1)
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[18]黄岩松,周维垣,杨若琼,沈大利,林鹏.拉西瓦拱坝稳定性分析和评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25 (5)
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