基于知识工程的重型商用车空气悬架系统设计与研究
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摘要
人们生活的质量越来越高,汽车也日益在人类的生活中扮演着重要的角色。对于汽车的舒适性、便捷的操作性能,也成为人们重要的关注点之一。对于重型商用车,汽车悬架也是重中之重。本文是在对国内外汽车悬架的研究现状进行分析,根据悬架设计的理论知识,对某款重型商用车的悬架系统进行的设计开发和研究。
重型商用车是物流行业的重要支柱,是中国汽车行业的重要关注点之一,同时也在全世界占据着重要的位置。重型商用车的载重量、运输效率和舒适性也是客户关注的重点。为了更好的提高舒适性,优化车辆的平顺性,达到更好的提高重型商用汽车的运输效率,就需要减轻汽车各大总成的重量,进行轻量化设计,还需要增加货箱的容积,然后根据具体车型的具体用途,匹配出不同的底盘高度调节功能。对于现有的材料、工艺技术没有大幅提高的前提下,仅仅是通过减轻各总成的总量和选用承载能力更强的总成,这样汽车工程师的思维拓展和设计空间相当有限。因此,随着重型汽车的发展,对其底盘的负载能力和高度调节、高度记忆功能的要求愈来愈高,各大汽车生产厂都陆续在高端商用车底盘上匹配使用空气悬架系统。
本文在第一部分首先是分析了汽车悬架研究的意义,从车辆舒适性和平顺性的要求对汽车悬架的设计意义进行分析;接着分析了重型商用车悬架结构的特点和目前国内外的发展趋势;然后对本文主要研究的空气悬架的结构形式、特点、发展过程和趋势进行了分析;最后是对本文研究内容的简要介绍。第二部分主要是研究汽车悬架设计的理论、思路和方法。首先研究悬架系统的基本概念、系统构成,充分理解汽车悬架的基本构成;接着是分析在以往工作过程中,经过不断的学习、研究和改进形成的悬架设计的基本思想,总结悬架系统设计的主要要求和重要关注点;然后是对空气悬架的基本概念、构成、布置方法、控制系统和设计思想进行分析和研究;最后是对汽车悬架设计思想的总结和归纳。第三部分主要是基于知识工程的汽车悬架系统设计。首先是将汽车悬架设计的基本流程进行分析;接着是根据基本设计思想、工作经验总结出本文研究的重型商用车悬架设计的开发流程;然后是基于知识工程概念进行的参数化悬架系统设计模块的开发;第四点是基于TOP-DOWN设计方法的悬架系统开发模块的应用分析;最后是对基于知识工程的汽车悬架系统设计方法的研究和总结。第四部分是对某款重型商用车电控空气悬架的整个设计过程、方法、计算流程和设计思想的分析和研究。第五部分是对该款车型空气悬架的有限元分析验证和实车验证。最后一部分是对本文的总结,包括研究方法、设计思路和研究成果,以及从中得到的经验和教训。
总之,本文对基于知识工程的汽车悬架系统的设计与研究能够达到一定的深度,在产品开发设计中,可以起到重要的作用。本文所进行的悬架开发流程的研究,已经应用于重型商用车开发过程中,有一定的实用价值。由于汽车悬架设计涉及舒适性能和平顺性能,路况也是复杂多变,因此也具有一定的局限性。本文只是对基于知识工程的悬架系统设计的初步理论研究,分析的还不够透彻,还需要一定时间和经验的累积,达到更好的验证效果。
Increasing the quality of life of people, cars are increasingly in human life play an important role. For car comfort and convenience of operating performance, but also become one of major concern. For the heavy commercial vehicles, vehicle suspension is top priority. This article is in the study of domestic and foreign automotive suspension to analyze the situation, according to the theoretical knowledge of suspension design, a section of the suspension system for heavy commercial vehicle design and development and research.
Heavy commercial vehicles is an important pillar of the logistics industry, China's auto industry is an important concern, one of the world while also occupies an important position. The load of heavy commercial vehicles, transport efficiency and customer comfort is the focus, in order to better improve comfort, optimize the vehicle's ride, to better improve the efficiency of the transport of heavy commercial vehicles, we need to reduce the car's major assembly weight, the lightweight design, you also need to increase the volume of container, and then depending on the specific use of models to match the height adjustment feature different sites. For existing materials, technology did not significantly increase under the premise of the assembly only by reducing the amount of carrying capacity and use more of the assembly, so automotive engineers develop and design space of thinking is very limited. Thus, with the development of heavy vehicle, its chassis, load capacity and height adjustment, height memory function of the rising demand, the major automobile manufacturing plant sites are introduced in the high-end commercial vehicle air suspension system used on the match.
In the first part of this first study is to analyze the significance of the automobile suspension from the vehicle ride comfort and the requirements of the significance of vehicle suspension design analysis; then analyzes the characteristics of heavy commercial vehicle suspension structure and the current domestic and international trends; and research on this paper, the air suspension of the structure, characteristics, development processes and trends are analyzed; final content of this study brief.The second part is to study the theory of automotive suspension design, ideas and methods. First, the basic concept of the suspension system, the system constitutes the full understanding of the basic composition of vehicle suspension; followed by analysis in the previous work through the process of continuous learning, research, and the formation of the suspension design to improve the basic idea, summary suspension the main requirements of system design and an important concern; then the basic concepts of air suspension, composition, layout methods, control systems and design analysis and research; last is a summary of automobile suspension design and induction. The third part is mainly based on knowledge engineering vehicle suspension system design. The first is the basic process of automotive suspension design analysis; followed the basic design concept is based on work experience summed up in this study the development of heavy commercial vehicle suspension design process; then the concept of knowledge-based engineering parameters of the suspension system design module development; fourth point is based on TOP-DOWN design of the suspension system developed for the modules of the application analysis; Finally, knowledge-based engineering design of automotive suspension systems research and summary. The fourth part is the section of a heavy-duty commercial vehicle electronic control air suspension, the entire design process, methodology, calculation and design process analysis and research. Part V is the air suspension, which models the real vehicle validation and verification analysis. The last part is a summary of this article, including research methods, design ideas and research findings, as well as from the experience gained and lessons learned.
In short, this knowledge-based engineering design of automotive suspension systems and research to achieve a certain depth, the product development design, can play an important role. This development process conducted by the suspension of research, has been applied to heavy-duty commercial vehicle development process, there are some practical value. As the performance of vehicle suspension design and smooth performance related to comfort, road conditions is complex, it also has some limitations. This article is based on knowledge engineering preliminary design of suspension systems theory, a thorough analysis is not enough, take some time and accumulated experience, achieve better verification results.
重型商用车是物流行业的重要支柱,是中国汽车行业的重要关注点之一,同时也在全世界占据着重要的位置。重型商用车的载重量、运输效率和舒适性也是客户关注的重点。为了更好的提高舒适性,优化车辆的平顺性,达到更好的提高重型商用汽车的运输效率,就需要减轻汽车各大总成的重量,进行轻量化设计,还需要增加货箱的容积,然后根据具体车型的具体用途,匹配出不同的底盘高度调节功能。对于现有的材料、工艺技术没有大幅提高的前提下,仅仅是通过减轻各总成的总量和选用承载能力更强的总成,这样汽车工程师的思维拓展和设计空间相当有限。因此,随着重型汽车的发展,对其底盘的负载能力和高度调节、高度记忆功能的要求愈来愈高,各大汽车生产厂都陆续在高端商用车底盘上匹配使用空气悬架系统。
本文在第一部分首先是分析了汽车悬架研究的意义,从车辆舒适性和平顺性的要求对汽车悬架的设计意义进行分析;接着分析了重型商用车悬架结构的特点和目前国内外的发展趋势;然后对本文主要研究的空气悬架的结构形式、特点、发展过程和趋势进行了分析;最后是对本文研究内容的简要介绍。第二部分主要是研究汽车悬架设计的理论、思路和方法。首先研究悬架系统的基本概念、系统构成,充分理解汽车悬架的基本构成;接着是分析在以往工作过程中,经过不断的学习、研究和改进形成的悬架设计的基本思想,总结悬架系统设计的主要要求和重要关注点;然后是对空气悬架的基本概念、构成、布置方法、控制系统和设计思想进行分析和研究;最后是对汽车悬架设计思想的总结和归纳。第三部分主要是基于知识工程的汽车悬架系统设计。首先是将汽车悬架设计的基本流程进行分析;接着是根据基本设计思想、工作经验总结出本文研究的重型商用车悬架设计的开发流程;然后是基于知识工程概念进行的参数化悬架系统设计模块的开发;第四点是基于TOP-DOWN设计方法的悬架系统开发模块的应用分析;最后是对基于知识工程的汽车悬架系统设计方法的研究和总结。第四部分是对某款重型商用车电控空气悬架的整个设计过程、方法、计算流程和设计思想的分析和研究。第五部分是对该款车型空气悬架的有限元分析验证和实车验证。最后一部分是对本文的总结,包括研究方法、设计思路和研究成果,以及从中得到的经验和教训。
总之,本文对基于知识工程的汽车悬架系统的设计与研究能够达到一定的深度,在产品开发设计中,可以起到重要的作用。本文所进行的悬架开发流程的研究,已经应用于重型商用车开发过程中,有一定的实用价值。由于汽车悬架设计涉及舒适性能和平顺性能,路况也是复杂多变,因此也具有一定的局限性。本文只是对基于知识工程的悬架系统设计的初步理论研究,分析的还不够透彻,还需要一定时间和经验的累积,达到更好的验证效果。
Increasing the quality of life of people, cars are increasingly in human life play an important role. For car comfort and convenience of operating performance, but also become one of major concern. For the heavy commercial vehicles, vehicle suspension is top priority. This article is in the study of domestic and foreign automotive suspension to analyze the situation, according to the theoretical knowledge of suspension design, a section of the suspension system for heavy commercial vehicle design and development and research.
Heavy commercial vehicles is an important pillar of the logistics industry, China's auto industry is an important concern, one of the world while also occupies an important position. The load of heavy commercial vehicles, transport efficiency and customer comfort is the focus, in order to better improve comfort, optimize the vehicle's ride, to better improve the efficiency of the transport of heavy commercial vehicles, we need to reduce the car's major assembly weight, the lightweight design, you also need to increase the volume of container, and then depending on the specific use of models to match the height adjustment feature different sites. For existing materials, technology did not significantly increase under the premise of the assembly only by reducing the amount of carrying capacity and use more of the assembly, so automotive engineers develop and design space of thinking is very limited. Thus, with the development of heavy vehicle, its chassis, load capacity and height adjustment, height memory function of the rising demand, the major automobile manufacturing plant sites are introduced in the high-end commercial vehicle air suspension system used on the match.
In the first part of this first study is to analyze the significance of the automobile suspension from the vehicle ride comfort and the requirements of the significance of vehicle suspension design analysis; then analyzes the characteristics of heavy commercial vehicle suspension structure and the current domestic and international trends; and research on this paper, the air suspension of the structure, characteristics, development processes and trends are analyzed; final content of this study brief.The second part is to study the theory of automotive suspension design, ideas and methods. First, the basic concept of the suspension system, the system constitutes the full understanding of the basic composition of vehicle suspension; followed by analysis in the previous work through the process of continuous learning, research, and the formation of the suspension design to improve the basic idea, summary suspension the main requirements of system design and an important concern; then the basic concepts of air suspension, composition, layout methods, control systems and design analysis and research; last is a summary of automobile suspension design and induction. The third part is mainly based on knowledge engineering vehicle suspension system design. The first is the basic process of automotive suspension design analysis; followed the basic design concept is based on work experience summed up in this study the development of heavy commercial vehicle suspension design process; then the concept of knowledge-based engineering parameters of the suspension system design module development; fourth point is based on TOP-DOWN design of the suspension system developed for the modules of the application analysis; Finally, knowledge-based engineering design of automotive suspension systems research and summary. The fourth part is the section of a heavy-duty commercial vehicle electronic control air suspension, the entire design process, methodology, calculation and design process analysis and research. Part V is the air suspension, which models the real vehicle validation and verification analysis. The last part is a summary of this article, including research methods, design ideas and research findings, as well as from the experience gained and lessons learned.
In short, this knowledge-based engineering design of automotive suspension systems and research to achieve a certain depth, the product development design, can play an important role. This development process conducted by the suspension of research, has been applied to heavy-duty commercial vehicle development process, there are some practical value. As the performance of vehicle suspension design and smooth performance related to comfort, road conditions is complex, it also has some limitations. This article is based on knowledge engineering preliminary design of suspension systems theory, a thorough analysis is not enough, take some time and accumulated experience, achieve better verification results.
引文
[1]中国商用车网http://cv.ce.cn/.“十一五”国内主要卡车企业发展成就,2011-2-28.
[2]中国商用车网http://cv.ce.cn/.“十二五”开局中国车企产能将达5000万,2011-2-11.
[3]何峰,徐军,杨洪江.商用车空气悬架的关键技术分析.农机化研究.2005年.
[4]余志生.汽车理论.2005年.
[5]陈家瑞.汽车构造.2001年.
[6]王望予.汽车设计.2003年.
[7]钱德猛.汽车空气悬架系统的参数化建模_分析及设计理论和方法研究.2005年.
[8]张晓帆.汽车钢板弹簧设计计算方法的分析与研究.武汉理工大学.2001.
[9]程悦.电控空气悬架系统的匹配设计.吉林大学.2005年.
[10]罗福炜,王增才,张长冲,程军.空气悬架对提高车辆抗倾翻能力的分析.农业装备与车辆工程.2007年.
[11]方瑞华,解跃青,雷雨成.空气悬架理论及其关键技术.同济大学学报.2003年.
[12] Chance, B K 1984. 1984 Continental Mark VII/Lincoln Continental Electronically-Controlled. Air Suspension (EAS) System. SAE Technical paper no. 840342.
[13] Giuseppe Quaglia,Massimo Sorli.Air Suspension Dimensionless Analysis and Design Procedure.
[14] Takuya Yuasa.The Application of CAE in the Development of Air Suspension Beam.1997.
[15] Jack Gieck.A history of air suspension.1999.
[16] Bell Benjamin Pneumatic spring 1910.
[17] Jon Bunne Air suspension factors in driveline vibration 1996.
[18] ContiTECH Holding GmbH ContiTECH air springs for commercial vehicles 2001.
[19] Theo Meller Self-energizing leveling systems their progress in development and application 1999.
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[25]刘强,徐斌,林波.减小动载荷道路破坏的悬架参数研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报.2002年.
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[2]中国商用车网http://cv.ce.cn/.“十二五”开局中国车企产能将达5000万,2011-2-11.
[3]何峰,徐军,杨洪江.商用车空气悬架的关键技术分析.农机化研究.2005年.
[4]余志生.汽车理论.2005年.
[5]陈家瑞.汽车构造.2001年.
[6]王望予.汽车设计.2003年.
[7]钱德猛.汽车空气悬架系统的参数化建模_分析及设计理论和方法研究.2005年.
[8]张晓帆.汽车钢板弹簧设计计算方法的分析与研究.武汉理工大学.2001.
[9]程悦.电控空气悬架系统的匹配设计.吉林大学.2005年.
[10]罗福炜,王增才,张长冲,程军.空气悬架对提高车辆抗倾翻能力的分析.农业装备与车辆工程.2007年.
[11]方瑞华,解跃青,雷雨成.空气悬架理论及其关键技术.同济大学学报.2003年.
[12] Chance, B K 1984. 1984 Continental Mark VII/Lincoln Continental Electronically-Controlled. Air Suspension (EAS) System. SAE Technical paper no. 840342.
[13] Giuseppe Quaglia,Massimo Sorli.Air Suspension Dimensionless Analysis and Design Procedure.
[14] Takuya Yuasa.The Application of CAE in the Development of Air Suspension Beam.1997.
[15] Jack Gieck.A history of air suspension.1999.
[16] Bell Benjamin Pneumatic spring 1910.
[17] Jon Bunne Air suspension factors in driveline vibration 1996.
[18] ContiTECH Holding GmbH ContiTECH air springs for commercial vehicles 2001.
[19] Theo Meller Self-energizing leveling systems their progress in development and application 1999.
[20] (加)唐·诺里斯,(美)杰克尔·贾维克;李卓森等译.悬架系统与转向系统.吉林科学技术出版社.1998.
[21]喻凡,黄宏成,管西强.汽车空气悬架的现状及发展趋势.汽车技术.2001年.
[22]张洪欣.汽车系统动力学.同济大学出版社.1996.
[23]姜立标.载货汽车电控空气悬架的匹配设计与控制研究.吉林大学.2007年.
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