空管系统效能评估与设备保障规划
|
摘要
空中交通管理系统作为航空运输的中枢,担负着保障空中交通安全的重要使命。然而,数次应急保障工作的开展过程中,暴露出了空管系统应急保障规划不健全、设备配置不完备、设备保障维护不到位等问题。对空管设备性能和空管系统效能进行评估,可以理清设备服务能力及系统效能状况,从而为空管设备保障规划提供相应的指导。
本文根据无线电波传播理论、电工电子理论、雷达探测理论等知识,对空管关键设备(甚高频VHF通信台站、VOR/DME台站、NDB台站、一次雷达和二次雷达站)的作用范围进行建模,并利用MATLAB编程求解,结合MapInfo工具,实现了设备作用范围的可视化评估,然后以西南空管局成都终端管制中心为例,进行了模型验证和分析;利用可靠性工程的原理及方法,对空管系统可靠性进行评估,并结合成都终端管制中心的运行保障和维护实例,对其空管通信子系统、导航子系统、监视子系统进行了可靠性评估和分析;在作用范围评估和可靠性评估的基础上,将军事武器系统效能评估领域中的ADC模型引入空管系统,结合空管系统的特点,对模型进行了修正,提出了ADC-AAHP方法来实现空管系统效能的综合评估,并结合成都终端管制中心空管系统的实际情况,对其系统效能进行了评估和分析;结合系统效能评估结果,以业务连续性规划(BCP)的原理和方法为指导,进行空管设备配置规划,并从系统效能的角度讨论了设备保障维护规划,确定了设备备件规划模型及求解方法,给出了各类关键设备的定期维护项目。最后,对文章所做工作简要进行了总结,并对进一步的研究进行了展望。
As the hub of air transportation, Air Traffic Control (ATC) system assumes the important responsibility of protecting air traffic safety. However, several experiences of emergency support work have exposed following problems: emergency equipment configuration is not complete, emergency security planning is not perfect,maintenance work is insufficient, and so on. Through the ATC equipment performance and system effectiveness evaluation, equipment capabilities and system effectiveness conditions can be obtained. Then, security planning of facilities can be carried out.
In this paper, models of key ATC facilities, including VHF station, VOR/DME station, NDB station, PSR and SSR, were established according to the radio wave propagation theory, electrical and electronic theory, and radar detection theory, etc. Then, graphical visualization of facility performance coverage was realized, using MATLAB programming and MapInfo software. Chengdu Terminal Control Center was taken as an example to validate and analyse the models. In the following, principles and methods of reliability engineering were adopted to assess reliability of ATC system. Then, reliability assessments for ATC communication subsystem, navigation subsystem and surveillance system of Chengdu Terminal Control Center were conducted according to operation security and maintenance practices. On the basis of performance and reliability assessment result, ADC model, which was widely used in military field, was introduced into ATC system. Considering ATC system’s characteristics, the model was modified, and an intergrated evaluation method called ADC-AAHP was proposed, which was applied into system effectiveness evaluation of Chengdu Terminal Control Center. According to the result of system effectiveness, principles and methods of Business Continuity Planning (BCP) were introduced to guide ATC facility security planning. Then, facility maintenance planning was studied, giving spare parts planning model and method, and regular maintenance work of key facilities was listed as well. Finally, research work was briefly summarized, and further research was discussed.
本文根据无线电波传播理论、电工电子理论、雷达探测理论等知识,对空管关键设备(甚高频VHF通信台站、VOR/DME台站、NDB台站、一次雷达和二次雷达站)的作用范围进行建模,并利用MATLAB编程求解,结合MapInfo工具,实现了设备作用范围的可视化评估,然后以西南空管局成都终端管制中心为例,进行了模型验证和分析;利用可靠性工程的原理及方法,对空管系统可靠性进行评估,并结合成都终端管制中心的运行保障和维护实例,对其空管通信子系统、导航子系统、监视子系统进行了可靠性评估和分析;在作用范围评估和可靠性评估的基础上,将军事武器系统效能评估领域中的ADC模型引入空管系统,结合空管系统的特点,对模型进行了修正,提出了ADC-AAHP方法来实现空管系统效能的综合评估,并结合成都终端管制中心空管系统的实际情况,对其系统效能进行了评估和分析;结合系统效能评估结果,以业务连续性规划(BCP)的原理和方法为指导,进行空管设备配置规划,并从系统效能的角度讨论了设备保障维护规划,确定了设备备件规划模型及求解方法,给出了各类关键设备的定期维护项目。最后,对文章所做工作简要进行了总结,并对进一步的研究进行了展望。
As the hub of air transportation, Air Traffic Control (ATC) system assumes the important responsibility of protecting air traffic safety. However, several experiences of emergency support work have exposed following problems: emergency equipment configuration is not complete, emergency security planning is not perfect,maintenance work is insufficient, and so on. Through the ATC equipment performance and system effectiveness evaluation, equipment capabilities and system effectiveness conditions can be obtained. Then, security planning of facilities can be carried out.
In this paper, models of key ATC facilities, including VHF station, VOR/DME station, NDB station, PSR and SSR, were established according to the radio wave propagation theory, electrical and electronic theory, and radar detection theory, etc. Then, graphical visualization of facility performance coverage was realized, using MATLAB programming and MapInfo software. Chengdu Terminal Control Center was taken as an example to validate and analyse the models. In the following, principles and methods of reliability engineering were adopted to assess reliability of ATC system. Then, reliability assessments for ATC communication subsystem, navigation subsystem and surveillance system of Chengdu Terminal Control Center were conducted according to operation security and maintenance practices. On the basis of performance and reliability assessment result, ADC model, which was widely used in military field, was introduced into ATC system. Considering ATC system’s characteristics, the model was modified, and an intergrated evaluation method called ADC-AAHP was proposed, which was applied into system effectiveness evaluation of Chengdu Terminal Control Center. According to the result of system effectiveness, principles and methods of Business Continuity Planning (BCP) were introduced to guide ATC facility security planning. Then, facility maintenance planning was studied, giving spare parts planning model and method, and regular maintenance work of key facilities was listed as well. Finally, research work was briefly summarized, and further research was discussed.
引文
[1]Tillman, F.A.,Hwang, C.L.,Kuo, Way. System Effectiveness Models: An Annotated Bibliography [J].IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 1980, Vol.29, No. 4,295~304.
[2]Willers, CJ,Wheeler, MS. Application of image simulation in weapon system development [C].IX Electronic Warfare International Symposium (SIGE): Research applied to the National Defense. Brazil: San Jose Dos Campos, 2007:26~28.
[3]Shi Yanbin, Zhang An.Cloud model and its application in effectiveness evaluation[C].15th Annual Conference Proceedings: International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. Long Beach : IEEE,2008:250~255.
[4]Metin Dadevirena, Serkan Yavuzb and Nevzat KMIM.Weapon selection using the AHP and TOPSIS methods under fuzzy environment [J].Expert Systems with Applications,2009,Vol.36, No. 4, 8143~8151.
[5]Ender,T, Leurck,R.F. Systems-of-Systems Analysis of Ballistic Missile Defense Architecture Effectiveness Through Surrogate Modeling and Simulation [J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2010, Vol. 4, No.2, 156~166.
[6]Guotong Sun, Shuo Tang. Warfighting simulation system for system effectiveness analysis of Hypersonic Cruise Missile[C].International Conference on Educational and Network Technology (ICENT). Qinhuangdao :IEEE,2010:418 ~421.
[7]Weiss, Herbert K. Weapon System Phasing for Ready Forces [J].IRE Transactions on Engineering Management,2001, Vol.8, No.1, 30 ~34.
[8]Kai Guo, Cheng Xu. Stochastic mathematic model of the fighting personnel and its application in effectiveness evaluation for small arm system[C]. International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology. IEEE,2005,1333~1336.
[9]Jaewook Lee, Suk-Ho Kang , Jay Rosenberger.A hybrid approach of goal programming for weapon systems selection[J].Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2010,Vol.58, No.3, 521~527.
[10]左凌,韩松臣.京沪平行航路导航精度及有效作用范围分析[J].江苏航空,2006, (1):6~8.
[11]隋东,王炜,左凌.基于DME/DME的区域导航航路导航性能评估方法[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2006,6(4):24~28.
[12]金辽.浅析NDB的天线与有效辐射功率及作用距离之关系[J].空中交通管理,2004(,2):33~35.
[13]沈健.基于地理信息系统实现VHF通信作用范围评估[J].中国无线电管理,2001,(7):11~13.
[14]陈鹏.虚拟战场环境中雷达作用范围表现技术研究[国防科技大学博士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2007.
[15]程柏林,张尉.用MATLAB语言实现雷达探测范围图的绘制[J].空军雷达学院学报,1999,13(4):62~64.
[16]张尉,程柏林,金素华.搜索雷达探测范围可视化技术[J].现代雷达,2000,22(3):44~47.
[17]林卫明,刘德权,利用OpenGL技术实现雷达探测范围的三维显示[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2002,26(1):72~75.
[18]王树文.计算机模拟雷达网平面探测范围的一种绘制方法[J].空军雷达学院学报,1999,13(3):51~53.
[19]戴凌燕,严振华,李伟.一种计算雷达网作用范围面积的新算法[J].空军雷达学院学报,2003,17(3):62~63.
[20]乐战英.雷达的可靠性指标研究[J].雷达与对抗,2006,(4):65~68.
[21]黄建新,边亚琴.新型雷达装备系统性能可靠性评估[J].空军工程大学学报,2008,9(5):57~61.
[22]宋才胜,曾熠.基于Petri网的通信网络可靠性评估建模仿真[J].计算机仿真,2004,21(8):98~101.
[23]张金福,金正宇.基于贝叶斯法的评估技术在通信装备中的应用[J].可靠性与环境适应性理论研究,2005,(4):18~21.
[24]冯广斌,钱林方.火箭导弹发射系统可靠性评估[J].弹道学报,2003,15(1):41~45.
[25]A.Huseby,M.Naustdal. Improved Simulation Methods for System Reliability Evaluation[M].New York:World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2003.
[26]Sankaran Mahadevan, Ramesh Rebba. Validation of reliability computational models using Bayes networks [J]. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. 2005,Vol.27,No.7,223~232.
[27]H.Canccla, M.Khadar.The Recursive Variance-reduction Simulation Algorithm for Network Reliability Evaluation[J].IEEE Transaction on Reliability, 2003, Vol.17, No.2, 52~54.
[28]W.David. System Reliability Optimization With k-out-of-n Subsystems, International Journal of Reliability [J].Quality and Safety Engineering, 2000,Vol. 7, No.2,129~142.
[29]陈雷,席泽敏.基于WSEIAC模型的雷达系统效能分析[J].雷达科学与技术,2005,3(1):11~14.
[30]肖慧鑫,王静滨.基于RMS特性的武器装备的系统效能评估模型[J].指挥控制与仿真,2006, (4):56~58.
[31]袁诗龙,王金山.基于熵权理想解法的炮兵C4ISR系统效能评估[J].火力与指挥控制,2008,33(12):81~83.
[32]马琳,宋贵宝,罗云宝.导弹武器系统效能评估的GAHP模型[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(2):101~103.
[39]鲁光银,朱自强,李华.公路隧道岩体质量分级的模糊层次分析法[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版,2008,39(2):368~374.
[34]王新民,赵彬,张钦礼.基于层次分析和模糊数学的采矿方法选择[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,39(5):875~880.
[35]YANG Gao-shang, PENG Li-min.Fuzzy synthetic assessment of building fire safety system [J].Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2005, Vol. 12, No.2, 194~198.
[36]李俊芳,吴小萍.基于AHP-FUZZY多层次评判的城市轨道交通线网规划方案综合评价[J].武汉理工大学学报:交通科学与工程版,2007,31(4):205~208.
[37]P.J. Baxter, W.P. Aspinall, A. Neri.Emergency planning and mitigation at Vesuvius: A new evidence-based approach[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research ,2008,Vol.17,No.8,454~473.
[38]M.T.O'Mahony, Donal Doolan, Alice O’Sullivan. Emergency planning and the Control of Major Accident Hazard(sCOMAH/Seveso II)Directive: An approach to determine the public safety zone for toxic cloud releases[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,Vol.15,No.4,355~365.
[39]M.Wood, A.Pichard. The AETL methodology as a potential solution to current challenges associated with the development and use of acute exposure levels in Seveso II applications [J]. Hazard. Mater,2006,Vol.13,No.3,8~15.
[40]F.Fiedrich, F.Gehbauer. Optimized resource allocation for emergency response after earthquake disasters[J]. Safety Science, 2001,Vol.35,No.5,41~57.
[41]Georgios-Marios Karagiannisa, Eric Piatyszeka. Industrial emergency planning modeling: A first step toward a robustness analysis tool[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,Vol.18, No.1, 324~334.
[42]Paraskevi S. Georgiadoua, Ioannis A.Modeling emergency evacuation for major hazard industrial sites[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2007,Vol.29,No.2,1388~1402.
[43]FAA.Order1900.47B,Air Traffic Organization Operational Contingency Plan[S].Washington: FAA,2006.
[44]任朗.天线理论基础[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[45]闻映红.天线与电波传播理论[M].北京:北京交通大学出版社,2007.
[46]ICAO. Annex 10,Aeronautical Telecommunications[S]. Montreal: ICAO,1992.
[47]王增和,卢春兰,钱祖平.天线与电波传播[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[48]M.I.Skolink. Radar Handbook [M]. MeGram- Hill Book Co, 1990.
[49]Blake L V. Radar Range-Performance Analysis [M].Norwood:DC Health Company,Lexington,Mass, 1986.
[50]David K Barton. Radar Evaluation Handbook [M]. Artech House,1991.
[51]Lamont V Blake.雷达距离性能分析[M].南京:机械电子工业部第十四研究所,1990.
[52]黄芳.37GHz和94GHz的大气微波衰减计算分析[南京气象学院硕士学位论文].南京:南京气象学院,2003.
[53]Olsen R L,Rogers D V,Hodge D B. The relation in calculation of rain attenuation[J].IEEE Trans Air Tennas Propag.,1998, Vol.26,No.2,318~329.
[54]吕少彬,王励.雷达作用距离计算软件的数学模型[C].CAD在雷达设计中的应用交流会论文集,北京:中国电子学会无线电定位技术分会,1999:17~26.
[55]罗珊,付职忠.简明分机空气动力学与飞机操纵性和稳定性[M].天津:中国民航学院,1995.
[56]徐绵起,罗玉文,李佑禄.不同海拔高度时雷达视距分析[J].舰船电子对抗,2004,27(2):18~19.
[57]田传江,刘继军.对确定空管二次雷达遮蔽角方法的探讨[J].专题研究,2004,(2):15~18.
[58]中国人民解放军总装备部.GJB 451A-2005可靠性维修性保障性术语[S].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[59]沈仲针.大区域运行模式下的甚高频通信可靠性研究[J].中国民航飞行学院学报,2010,21(3):28~30.
[60]陈良灏,万俊,蔺文斌.装备保障指挥系统的效能评估研究[J].先进制造与管理,2007,27(6):43~45.
[61]缪小鹏.防空信息战作战效能的评估技术[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005.
[62]He Yong,Ge Xiaofeng.Improved AHP method and its application in evaluation of agriculture mechanization[J].Journal of Systems Science& Systems Engineering,2001, Vol.10,No.4,403~408.
[63]Yudistira Asnar,Paolo Giorgini.Analyzing Business Continuity through a Multi-layers Model,in: M. Dumas, M. Reichert, and MC. Shan (Eds.): BPM 2008, Vol.LNCS 5240, Springer-Verlag, 212~227.
[64]樊莉,孙继银,王勇.人工智能中的A*算法应用及编程[J].微机发展,2003,13(5):33~35.
[65]杨为民,阮镰,俞沼,等.可靠性、维修性、保障性总论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1989.
[2]Willers, CJ,Wheeler, MS. Application of image simulation in weapon system development [C].IX Electronic Warfare International Symposium (SIGE): Research applied to the National Defense. Brazil: San Jose Dos Campos, 2007:26~28.
[3]Shi Yanbin, Zhang An.Cloud model and its application in effectiveness evaluation[C].15th Annual Conference Proceedings: International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. Long Beach : IEEE,2008:250~255.
[4]Metin Dadevirena, Serkan Yavuzb and Nevzat KMIM.Weapon selection using the AHP and TOPSIS methods under fuzzy environment [J].Expert Systems with Applications,2009,Vol.36, No. 4, 8143~8151.
[5]Ender,T, Leurck,R.F. Systems-of-Systems Analysis of Ballistic Missile Defense Architecture Effectiveness Through Surrogate Modeling and Simulation [J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2010, Vol. 4, No.2, 156~166.
[6]Guotong Sun, Shuo Tang. Warfighting simulation system for system effectiveness analysis of Hypersonic Cruise Missile[C].International Conference on Educational and Network Technology (ICENT). Qinhuangdao :IEEE,2010:418 ~421.
[7]Weiss, Herbert K. Weapon System Phasing for Ready Forces [J].IRE Transactions on Engineering Management,2001, Vol.8, No.1, 30 ~34.
[8]Kai Guo, Cheng Xu. Stochastic mathematic model of the fighting personnel and its application in effectiveness evaluation for small arm system[C]. International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology. IEEE,2005,1333~1336.
[9]Jaewook Lee, Suk-Ho Kang , Jay Rosenberger.A hybrid approach of goal programming for weapon systems selection[J].Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2010,Vol.58, No.3, 521~527.
[10]左凌,韩松臣.京沪平行航路导航精度及有效作用范围分析[J].江苏航空,2006, (1):6~8.
[11]隋东,王炜,左凌.基于DME/DME的区域导航航路导航性能评估方法[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2006,6(4):24~28.
[12]金辽.浅析NDB的天线与有效辐射功率及作用距离之关系[J].空中交通管理,2004(,2):33~35.
[13]沈健.基于地理信息系统实现VHF通信作用范围评估[J].中国无线电管理,2001,(7):11~13.
[14]陈鹏.虚拟战场环境中雷达作用范围表现技术研究[国防科技大学博士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2007.
[15]程柏林,张尉.用MATLAB语言实现雷达探测范围图的绘制[J].空军雷达学院学报,1999,13(4):62~64.
[16]张尉,程柏林,金素华.搜索雷达探测范围可视化技术[J].现代雷达,2000,22(3):44~47.
[17]林卫明,刘德权,利用OpenGL技术实现雷达探测范围的三维显示[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2002,26(1):72~75.
[18]王树文.计算机模拟雷达网平面探测范围的一种绘制方法[J].空军雷达学院学报,1999,13(3):51~53.
[19]戴凌燕,严振华,李伟.一种计算雷达网作用范围面积的新算法[J].空军雷达学院学报,2003,17(3):62~63.
[20]乐战英.雷达的可靠性指标研究[J].雷达与对抗,2006,(4):65~68.
[21]黄建新,边亚琴.新型雷达装备系统性能可靠性评估[J].空军工程大学学报,2008,9(5):57~61.
[22]宋才胜,曾熠.基于Petri网的通信网络可靠性评估建模仿真[J].计算机仿真,2004,21(8):98~101.
[23]张金福,金正宇.基于贝叶斯法的评估技术在通信装备中的应用[J].可靠性与环境适应性理论研究,2005,(4):18~21.
[24]冯广斌,钱林方.火箭导弹发射系统可靠性评估[J].弹道学报,2003,15(1):41~45.
[25]A.Huseby,M.Naustdal. Improved Simulation Methods for System Reliability Evaluation[M].New York:World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2003.
[26]Sankaran Mahadevan, Ramesh Rebba. Validation of reliability computational models using Bayes networks [J]. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. 2005,Vol.27,No.7,223~232.
[27]H.Canccla, M.Khadar.The Recursive Variance-reduction Simulation Algorithm for Network Reliability Evaluation[J].IEEE Transaction on Reliability, 2003, Vol.17, No.2, 52~54.
[28]W.David. System Reliability Optimization With k-out-of-n Subsystems, International Journal of Reliability [J].Quality and Safety Engineering, 2000,Vol. 7, No.2,129~142.
[29]陈雷,席泽敏.基于WSEIAC模型的雷达系统效能分析[J].雷达科学与技术,2005,3(1):11~14.
[30]肖慧鑫,王静滨.基于RMS特性的武器装备的系统效能评估模型[J].指挥控制与仿真,2006, (4):56~58.
[31]袁诗龙,王金山.基于熵权理想解法的炮兵C4ISR系统效能评估[J].火力与指挥控制,2008,33(12):81~83.
[32]马琳,宋贵宝,罗云宝.导弹武器系统效能评估的GAHP模型[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(2):101~103.
[39]鲁光银,朱自强,李华.公路隧道岩体质量分级的模糊层次分析法[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版,2008,39(2):368~374.
[34]王新民,赵彬,张钦礼.基于层次分析和模糊数学的采矿方法选择[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,39(5):875~880.
[35]YANG Gao-shang, PENG Li-min.Fuzzy synthetic assessment of building fire safety system [J].Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2005, Vol. 12, No.2, 194~198.
[36]李俊芳,吴小萍.基于AHP-FUZZY多层次评判的城市轨道交通线网规划方案综合评价[J].武汉理工大学学报:交通科学与工程版,2007,31(4):205~208.
[37]P.J. Baxter, W.P. Aspinall, A. Neri.Emergency planning and mitigation at Vesuvius: A new evidence-based approach[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research ,2008,Vol.17,No.8,454~473.
[38]M.T.O'Mahony, Donal Doolan, Alice O’Sullivan. Emergency planning and the Control of Major Accident Hazard(sCOMAH/Seveso II)Directive: An approach to determine the public safety zone for toxic cloud releases[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,Vol.15,No.4,355~365.
[39]M.Wood, A.Pichard. The AETL methodology as a potential solution to current challenges associated with the development and use of acute exposure levels in Seveso II applications [J]. Hazard. Mater,2006,Vol.13,No.3,8~15.
[40]F.Fiedrich, F.Gehbauer. Optimized resource allocation for emergency response after earthquake disasters[J]. Safety Science, 2001,Vol.35,No.5,41~57.
[41]Georgios-Marios Karagiannisa, Eric Piatyszeka. Industrial emergency planning modeling: A first step toward a robustness analysis tool[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,Vol.18, No.1, 324~334.
[42]Paraskevi S. Georgiadoua, Ioannis A.Modeling emergency evacuation for major hazard industrial sites[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2007,Vol.29,No.2,1388~1402.
[43]FAA.Order1900.47B,Air Traffic Organization Operational Contingency Plan[S].Washington: FAA,2006.
[44]任朗.天线理论基础[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[45]闻映红.天线与电波传播理论[M].北京:北京交通大学出版社,2007.
[46]ICAO. Annex 10,Aeronautical Telecommunications[S]. Montreal: ICAO,1992.
[47]王增和,卢春兰,钱祖平.天线与电波传播[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[48]M.I.Skolink. Radar Handbook [M]. MeGram- Hill Book Co, 1990.
[49]Blake L V. Radar Range-Performance Analysis [M].Norwood:DC Health Company,Lexington,Mass, 1986.
[50]David K Barton. Radar Evaluation Handbook [M]. Artech House,1991.
[51]Lamont V Blake.雷达距离性能分析[M].南京:机械电子工业部第十四研究所,1990.
[52]黄芳.37GHz和94GHz的大气微波衰减计算分析[南京气象学院硕士学位论文].南京:南京气象学院,2003.
[53]Olsen R L,Rogers D V,Hodge D B. The relation in calculation of rain attenuation[J].IEEE Trans Air Tennas Propag.,1998, Vol.26,No.2,318~329.
[54]吕少彬,王励.雷达作用距离计算软件的数学模型[C].CAD在雷达设计中的应用交流会论文集,北京:中国电子学会无线电定位技术分会,1999:17~26.
[55]罗珊,付职忠.简明分机空气动力学与飞机操纵性和稳定性[M].天津:中国民航学院,1995.
[56]徐绵起,罗玉文,李佑禄.不同海拔高度时雷达视距分析[J].舰船电子对抗,2004,27(2):18~19.
[57]田传江,刘继军.对确定空管二次雷达遮蔽角方法的探讨[J].专题研究,2004,(2):15~18.
[58]中国人民解放军总装备部.GJB 451A-2005可靠性维修性保障性术语[S].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[59]沈仲针.大区域运行模式下的甚高频通信可靠性研究[J].中国民航飞行学院学报,2010,21(3):28~30.
[60]陈良灏,万俊,蔺文斌.装备保障指挥系统的效能评估研究[J].先进制造与管理,2007,27(6):43~45.
[61]缪小鹏.防空信息战作战效能的评估技术[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005.
[62]He Yong,Ge Xiaofeng.Improved AHP method and its application in evaluation of agriculture mechanization[J].Journal of Systems Science& Systems Engineering,2001, Vol.10,No.4,403~408.
[63]Yudistira Asnar,Paolo Giorgini.Analyzing Business Continuity through a Multi-layers Model,in: M. Dumas, M. Reichert, and MC. Shan (Eds.): BPM 2008, Vol.LNCS 5240, Springer-Verlag, 212~227.
[64]樊莉,孙继银,王勇.人工智能中的A*算法应用及编程[J].微机发展,2003,13(5):33~35.
[65]杨为民,阮镰,俞沼,等.可靠性、维修性、保障性总论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1989.