宽带混沌信号及其在雷达中的应用研究
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摘要
宽带混沌信号因其随机性和良好的相关特性，是通讯或雷达应用的一种理想的信号。但迄今为止，宽带混沌信号的产生和相关处理都非常困难，限制了其在系统中的应用。本文首先对宽带混沌信号产生方法作了分析和仿真，提出了一种数字混沌序列驱动的宽带混沌信号产生方法，仿真分析结果证实了该方法不仅电路结构简单、易于实现，而且所产生频谱平坦宽阔；接着，对典型的宽带混沌信号的频谱、相关特性和模糊特性的作了分析比较，结果表明数字混沌序列驱动的宽带混沌信号具有优异的测距、测速和ECCM性能；在此基础上，本文结合实际应用，对参数失配和零状态相异情况下的宽带混沌信号的同步进行了讨论和仿真，结果显示数字混沌序列驱动的宽带混沌信号不仅能够实现同步，并具有一定的Robust特性，可以方便实现信号的延迟，从而解决了宽带混沌信号在系统应用时难以实现的相关处理问题。最后，对数字混沌序列驱动的宽带混沌信号在雷达系统中的应用作了初步的系统设计。
Wideband chaotic signal is an ideal signal in communication and radar system for its noise-like behavior and good autocorrelation performance. However, the application of wideband chaotic signal is limited owing to the difficulty of its generating and correlation processing. First, the simulation of generation circuits of wideband chaotic signals is carried out, and a new method for generating wideband chaotic signal inspired by digital chaotic sequence is proposed. Results of simulation show that a flat and wide frequency spectrum of chaotic signal could be easily generated in some ways. Next, the frequency spectrum, correlation and ambiguity characteristics of typical wideband chaotic signals are analyzed and compared by means of Matlab. It is confirmed that the wideband chaotic signal inspired by digital chaotic sequence has excellent resolution of distance and velocity, and strong properties of ECCM. After that, the synchronization of the wideband chaotic signals is analyzed and also simulated by PSpice,
and the results demonstrated the wideband chaotic signal inspired by digital chaotic sequence can be synchronized and the synchronization is of robust. Thus, the delay of wideband chaotic signal can be easily realized and the correlation processing is possible to implement now. Finally, the basic design of radar system using the wideband chaotic signal is carried out.
Wideband chaotic signal is an ideal signal in communication and radar system for its noise-like behavior and good autocorrelation performance. However, the application of wideband chaotic signal is limited owing to the difficulty of its generating and correlation processing. First, the simulation of generation circuits of wideband chaotic signals is carried out, and a new method for generating wideband chaotic signal inspired by digital chaotic sequence is proposed. Results of simulation show that a flat and wide frequency spectrum of chaotic signal could be easily generated in some ways. Next, the frequency spectrum, correlation and ambiguity characteristics of typical wideband chaotic signals are analyzed and compared by means of Matlab. It is confirmed that the wideband chaotic signal inspired by digital chaotic sequence has excellent resolution of distance and velocity, and strong properties of ECCM. After that, the synchronization of the wideband chaotic signals is analyzed and also simulated by PSpice,
and the results demonstrated the wideband chaotic signal inspired by digital chaotic sequence can be synchronized and the synchronization is of robust. Thus, the delay of wideband chaotic signal can be easily realized and the correlation processing is possible to implement now. Finally, the basic design of radar system using the wideband chaotic signal is carried out.
引文
1 郝柏林．从抛物线谈起——混沌动力学引论．上海科技教育出版社．1993
2 盛昭瀚，马军海．《非线性动力系统分析引论》．科学出版社．2001
3 关新平，范正平，陈彩莲，华长春．混沌控制及其在保密通信中的应用．国防工业出版社．2002．10．
4 宋耀良．宽频带混沌雷达信号理论与应用研究．南京理工大学博士论文．2000．10
5 A.Tama(?)evi(?)(?), G. Mykolaitis, S.Bumelien(?),A.(?)enys, A.N.Anagnostopoulos, E.Lindberg. Two-stage chaotic Colpitts oscillator. Electronics Letters. 2001.4.26 Vol.37 No.9
6 刘雄英，丘水生，刘重明．混沌信号非相干的一种检测技术．桂林电子工业学院学报．Vol．23 No．3 2003．6
7 刘国岁，孙泓波，顾红，苏卫民．随机信号雷达的发展．数据采集与处理．Vol．16 No．1 2001．3
8 蒋国平，杨秀侠．混沌系统同步问题的研究．南京邮电学院报．1998．8：95-98
9 马在光，吴纯英，丘水生．混沌同步和混沌研究的新进展与新尝试．电波科学学报．2002．6：307-314
10 Pecora L M, Carroll T L. Synchronization in chaotic systems. Phys Rev Lett.1990.(8):821-824
11 罗晓曙，方锦清，王力虎，孔令江，翁甲强．用离散混沌信号驱动实现混沌同步．物理学报．Vol．48 1999．11：2022-08
12 Arun.V.Holden. Chaos. Manchester University Press. 1986
13 K. Muralil, G.Mykolaitis, E.Lindberg. Hyperchaotic System with Unstable Oscillators. Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems. 2000.(3):7-10
14 A.A.Balyakin, N.M.Ryskin. Chaotic Oscillations in Nonlinear Spatially-Extended Resonators Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems. 2001.(4):358-363
15 A.S.Elwakil, A.M.Soliman. A Family of wien-type oscillators modified for chaos. Inter. J. Theory and appl. Vol.25 1997:561-579
16 M.P.Kennedy. Chaos in the Colpitts oscillator. IEEE CAS-I, 1994,41(11):771-774
17 M.G(?)tz, T.Kilias, K.Kutzer, W.Schwarz. Design of broadband generators using chaotic electronic circuits. Proc.ECCTD'95-Istanbul, 1995:111 - 114
18 A.M(?)gel, W.Schwarz. Chaotic wide-band oscillator with delay line. Proc. NDES'95, Dublin, 1995:259-262
19 L.O.Chua, M.Hasler, J.Neirynck, P.Verburgh. Dynamics of pieeewise-linear resonant circuits. IEEE Trans. 1982,Vol.CAS-29:535-547
20 Gian Mario Maggio. Nonlinear Dynamics and chaos in Electronic Oscillators. National University of Ireland. 1999.1
21 M.P. Kennedy. Chaos in the Colpitts Oscillator. IEEE Tram.Circuits Syst. I 1994.11:771-774
22 C. Wegener, G.M.Maggio, M.P.Kennedy. An ap-proximate one-dimensional model for the chaotic Colpitts oscillator. Proceedings of NDES'96. 1996.6:275-278
23 A.M(?)gel, W.Schwarz. High frequency chaos generators. Proc.Ecc TD'95 Istanbul. Vol.2:1133-1136
24 D.M.Woodward. Probabili.ty and information theory with application to radar. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1953
25 I.Grosu. Robust synchronization. Phy.Rev.Lett. 1995.7.74(25):5028-5032
26 T.L.Carroll. Communicating with use filtered, synchronized chaotic signals. IEEE Trans CAS-I. 1995.3.42(3):105-110
27 T.L.Carrol, G.A.Johnson. Synchronizing broadband chaotic systems to narrow-band signals. Phy.Rev.F. 1998.2.57(2): 1555-1558
28 T.Kilias,K. A.M(?)gel, W.Schwarz. Circuits and systems for generation of random and pseudo random signals. In: Tech. for multimedia appl.: an introduction. IEEE Press. 1995:1-4
29 Yang.T, L.O Chua. Generalized synchronization of chaos via linear transformations. Int.J.Bifurcation and Chaos. 1999.(11):215-219
30 E.Sanchez, M.A.Mat(?)as, V.Pe'rez-Mun~uzuri. Analysis of synchronization of chaotic systems by noise: An experimental study, physical review e 1997.(10):4068-4071
31 M.Gilli, G.M.Maggio. Predicting chaos through an harmonic balance technique: an application to the Time-Delayed Chua's Circuit. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I. 1996.(10):872-874
32 G.Kolumban, M.P.Kennedy, L.O.Chua. The role of synchronization in digital communications using chaos-Part Ⅰ: Fundamentals of digital communications. IEEE Trans on Circuits and Systems-I. 1997.(10):927-936
33 蒋国平，王锁萍．蔡氏混沌电路的单向耦合同步研究．电子学报．2000．(1)：67-69
34 陈勇，凌聪．混沌跳频序列发生器的FPGA实现．电子学报．2001．(1)：868-872
35 朱睛昱，蒋铃鸽．用时域补偿实现混沌同步的方法．数据采集与处理．2000．(9)：297-300
36 宋耀良，金文，是湘全，刘中．基于双卷吸引子的混沌二相码序列及其模糊特性．南京理工大学学报．2000．(2)：37—41
37 李国辉，周世平等．用主动被动分拆法和主动—间隙耦合研究Henon映射的混沌同步．量子电子学报．2001．(4)：167—170
38 张玉慧．电流型变参数同步混沌电路．电子学报．1999．(2)：129—131
39 匡锦瑜，裴留庆等．一种多级混沌同步通信系统．电子学报．1999．(6)：23-26
40 卢元元，丘水生等．混沌系统同步的抗干扰优化设计．通信学报．2002．(6)：30-35
41 蒋品群，罗晓曙等．超混沌振荡器的单变量单向耦合同步及其电路实验仿真．物理学报．2002．(9)：1937-1941
42 刘玉怀，马军，路轶群．利用混沌信号驱动实现各子系统的同步．物理学报．Vol．48 1999．1 10010-06
43 刘文波，张弓．混沌信号中隐含周期信号的一种识别方法．雷达与对抗．2001．1：46
44 沈颖，顾红，苏卫民，刘国岁．基于精确混沌映射的噪声雷达信号产生器分析．兵工学报．Vol．23 NO．2 2000．5
2 盛昭瀚，马军海．《非线性动力系统分析引论》．科学出版社．2001
3 关新平，范正平，陈彩莲，华长春．混沌控制及其在保密通信中的应用．国防工业出版社．2002．10．
4 宋耀良．宽频带混沌雷达信号理论与应用研究．南京理工大学博士论文．2000．10
5 A.Tama(?)evi(?)(?), G. Mykolaitis, S.Bumelien(?),A.(?)enys, A.N.Anagnostopoulos, E.Lindberg. Two-stage chaotic Colpitts oscillator. Electronics Letters. 2001.4.26 Vol.37 No.9
6 刘雄英，丘水生，刘重明．混沌信号非相干的一种检测技术．桂林电子工业学院学报．Vol．23 No．3 2003．6
7 刘国岁，孙泓波，顾红，苏卫民．随机信号雷达的发展．数据采集与处理．Vol．16 No．1 2001．3
8 蒋国平，杨秀侠．混沌系统同步问题的研究．南京邮电学院报．1998．8：95-98
9 马在光，吴纯英，丘水生．混沌同步和混沌研究的新进展与新尝试．电波科学学报．2002．6：307-314
10 Pecora L M, Carroll T L. Synchronization in chaotic systems. Phys Rev Lett.1990.(8):821-824
11 罗晓曙，方锦清，王力虎，孔令江，翁甲强．用离散混沌信号驱动实现混沌同步．物理学报．Vol．48 1999．11：2022-08
12 Arun.V.Holden. Chaos. Manchester University Press. 1986
13 K. Muralil, G.Mykolaitis, E.Lindberg. Hyperchaotic System with Unstable Oscillators. Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems. 2000.(3):7-10
14 A.A.Balyakin, N.M.Ryskin. Chaotic Oscillations in Nonlinear Spatially-Extended Resonators Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems. 2001.(4):358-363
15 A.S.Elwakil, A.M.Soliman. A Family of wien-type oscillators modified for chaos. Inter. J. Theory and appl. Vol.25 1997:561-579
16 M.P.Kennedy. Chaos in the Colpitts oscillator. IEEE CAS-I, 1994,41(11):771-774
17 M.G(?)tz, T.Kilias, K.Kutzer, W.Schwarz. Design of broadband generators using chaotic electronic circuits. Proc.ECCTD'95-Istanbul, 1995:111 - 114
18 A.M(?)gel, W.Schwarz. Chaotic wide-band oscillator with delay line. Proc. NDES'95, Dublin, 1995:259-262
19 L.O.Chua, M.Hasler, J.Neirynck, P.Verburgh. Dynamics of pieeewise-linear resonant circuits. IEEE Trans. 1982,Vol.CAS-29:535-547
20 Gian Mario Maggio. Nonlinear Dynamics and chaos in Electronic Oscillators. National University of Ireland. 1999.1
21 M.P. Kennedy. Chaos in the Colpitts Oscillator. IEEE Tram.Circuits Syst. I 1994.11:771-774
22 C. Wegener, G.M.Maggio, M.P.Kennedy. An ap-proximate one-dimensional model for the chaotic Colpitts oscillator. Proceedings of NDES'96. 1996.6:275-278
23 A.M(?)gel, W.Schwarz. High frequency chaos generators. Proc.Ecc TD'95 Istanbul. Vol.2:1133-1136
24 D.M.Woodward. Probabili.ty and information theory with application to radar. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1953
25 I.Grosu. Robust synchronization. Phy.Rev.Lett. 1995.7.74(25):5028-5032
26 T.L.Carroll. Communicating with use filtered, synchronized chaotic signals. IEEE Trans CAS-I. 1995.3.42(3):105-110
27 T.L.Carrol, G.A.Johnson. Synchronizing broadband chaotic systems to narrow-band signals. Phy.Rev.F. 1998.2.57(2): 1555-1558
28 T.Kilias,K. A.M(?)gel, W.Schwarz. Circuits and systems for generation of random and pseudo random signals. In: Tech. for multimedia appl.: an introduction. IEEE Press. 1995:1-4
29 Yang.T, L.O Chua. Generalized synchronization of chaos via linear transformations. Int.J.Bifurcation and Chaos. 1999.(11):215-219
30 E.Sanchez, M.A.Mat(?)as, V.Pe'rez-Mun~uzuri. Analysis of synchronization of chaotic systems by noise: An experimental study, physical review e 1997.(10):4068-4071
31 M.Gilli, G.M.Maggio. Predicting chaos through an harmonic balance technique: an application to the Time-Delayed Chua's Circuit. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I. 1996.(10):872-874
32 G.Kolumban, M.P.Kennedy, L.O.Chua. The role of synchronization in digital communications using chaos-Part Ⅰ: Fundamentals of digital communications. IEEE Trans on Circuits and Systems-I. 1997.(10):927-936
33 蒋国平，王锁萍．蔡氏混沌电路的单向耦合同步研究．电子学报．2000．(1)：67-69
34 陈勇，凌聪．混沌跳频序列发生器的FPGA实现．电子学报．2001．(1)：868-872
35 朱睛昱，蒋铃鸽．用时域补偿实现混沌同步的方法．数据采集与处理．2000．(9)：297-300
36 宋耀良，金文，是湘全，刘中．基于双卷吸引子的混沌二相码序列及其模糊特性．南京理工大学学报．2000．(2)：37—41
37 李国辉，周世平等．用主动被动分拆法和主动—间隙耦合研究Henon映射的混沌同步．量子电子学报．2001．(4)：167—170
38 张玉慧．电流型变参数同步混沌电路．电子学报．1999．(2)：129—131
39 匡锦瑜，裴留庆等．一种多级混沌同步通信系统．电子学报．1999．(6)：23-26
40 卢元元，丘水生等．混沌系统同步的抗干扰优化设计．通信学报．2002．(6)：30-35
41 蒋品群，罗晓曙等．超混沌振荡器的单变量单向耦合同步及其电路实验仿真．物理学报．2002．(9)：1937-1941
42 刘玉怀，马军，路轶群．利用混沌信号驱动实现各子系统的同步．物理学报．Vol．48 1999．1 10010-06
43 刘文波，张弓．混沌信号中隐含周期信号的一种识别方法．雷达与对抗．2001．1：46
44 沈颖，顾红，苏卫民，刘国岁．基于精确混沌映射的噪声雷达信号产生器分析．兵工学报．Vol．23 NO．2 2000．5