嵌入式雷达仿真训练系统设计与实现
摘要
根据某部武器系统试验任务的需求,研制××相控阵雷达仿真训练系统,解决传统飞机校飞训练方式存在人力物力投入多、资源耗费大、成本昂贵、效率低下、多目标获取困难的问题,为完成国家重点型号导弹跟踪测量任务提供保障。
系统采用嵌入式构架,设计基于AD9854的雷达中频模拟器,利用雷达计算机软硬件资源,通过信号处理技术、计算机软件和多媒体技术,进行目标信号模拟和试验场景仿真。在雷达发射机不开机的低成本状态下,结合距离显控台、综合显控台、中心机、辅助显控台的操作,使操作手在真实的操作平台和环境中进行目标捕获跟踪的实操训练。
系统设计经济实用,极大地较低了训练成本,缩短了训练周期,提高了训练效果,在完成某部武器系统试验任务中发挥了重要作用。
The framework of the phased array radar is huge, so it is very difficult and complicated to operate and use it. There are many shortages in the process of phased array radar operator train by airplane flight, such as the cost is expensive and the efficiency is low. Usually there are not multi- target for radar real-operator train .To solve this problem, the paper discussed the radar echo signal models method,radar simulator train system architecture and its engineering realization method, develop the built-in mode simulation training system of phased array radar.
Firstly, the paper introduced the background and significance of the research, made a requirement analysis based on a summary of the current research status in inland and overseas and introduced the design principle of radar intermediate-frequency echo signals. On the basis, the system design and demonstration of key technologies and options is given. As phased array radar system is large, it’s structure complex, to creating a full physical simulation platform will be difficulty in technology, so using embedded architecture design simulation training systems in the framework of their own equipment, and Integrate and make full use of the equipment their own resources by a smaller input, the simulation grade and operator training feel and reliability is better than that.
Then design a radar IF simulator hardware structure, analysis and discussion based on the DDS AD9854 the radar IF simulator principles and key technologies. DDS (direct digital synthesis technology) is a new technology in frequency synthesis field. It uses a large-scale integrated all-digital technology, with small size, low power consumption, high frequency resolution, the advantages of easy to control programming. One AD9854 DDS chips can output a radar simulated target, Multiple DDS chip can simulate a number of multiple targets. DDS simulated target signal control words are provided by the radar control computer, which is generated base on radar center of the ballistic computer data and target flying model. Simulated target signal are mode of location, distance, speed, and other precise information. By this way, it can substitute for the real goal in the radar operators to achieve in real combat platform on it real training.
And then, the model and algorithm, based on the radar equation and the flying objectives is given. The IF signal simulation model and algorithm basis on the trajectory and flight parameters of the target is given. First, a sine function cycle is sampling through the phase of digital, each phase corresponds to quantify the extent of 16, external storage to extend the DSP-in to the SDRAM. The SDRAM address line is actually a sine function of the digital phase. It is calculated for each sampling point the corresponding figure in the formation phase target scattering point when the number of characteristic frequency is generated. Then, the corresponding sampling points are obtained by look-up SDRAM- table. In this way generate target feature series, need only a simple MAC computing features of the data stored by the address sequence. Inquiry form to the address entered into a phase of information mapping sine wave signal rate, through the D / A converter to a digital analog, and then smoothing the low pass filter and filter out unwanted sampling component to the output spectrum of pure sine Wave signal.
Finally, introduce the theory and key technology about achieve visual simulation scenes base on OpenGL, gives the software design process in a variety of work mode. Visual simulation scenes of the purpose is to provide objective attitude and flight track of the visual image of the screen, and target acquisition radar for tracking the test situation and friendly man-machine interface, so that operators in the process of training have real test feeling. The software operating modes are the real-time mode, the map playback mode, the system simulation models and real-time intercept mode.
The system is designed in embedded mode, use of radar computer hardware and software resources, through signal processing technology, computer software and multimedia technologies, to target signal simulation and test simulation scenes. In low-cost state, operators in a real platform and environment conduct real operator training. System design without additional hardware investment, economic and practical, significantly lower training costs and shorten the training cycle and improve the training effect. Now this system has been applied to weapon system test task successfully, huge outlay for military training is saved. This system played an important role in completed a certain weapon system test.
系统采用嵌入式构架,设计基于AD9854的雷达中频模拟器,利用雷达计算机软硬件资源,通过信号处理技术、计算机软件和多媒体技术,进行目标信号模拟和试验场景仿真。在雷达发射机不开机的低成本状态下,结合距离显控台、综合显控台、中心机、辅助显控台的操作,使操作手在真实的操作平台和环境中进行目标捕获跟踪的实操训练。
系统设计经济实用,极大地较低了训练成本,缩短了训练周期,提高了训练效果,在完成某部武器系统试验任务中发挥了重要作用。
The framework of the phased array radar is huge, so it is very difficult and complicated to operate and use it. There are many shortages in the process of phased array radar operator train by airplane flight, such as the cost is expensive and the efficiency is low. Usually there are not multi- target for radar real-operator train .To solve this problem, the paper discussed the radar echo signal models method,radar simulator train system architecture and its engineering realization method, develop the built-in mode simulation training system of phased array radar.
Firstly, the paper introduced the background and significance of the research, made a requirement analysis based on a summary of the current research status in inland and overseas and introduced the design principle of radar intermediate-frequency echo signals. On the basis, the system design and demonstration of key technologies and options is given. As phased array radar system is large, it’s structure complex, to creating a full physical simulation platform will be difficulty in technology, so using embedded architecture design simulation training systems in the framework of their own equipment, and Integrate and make full use of the equipment their own resources by a smaller input, the simulation grade and operator training feel and reliability is better than that.
Then design a radar IF simulator hardware structure, analysis and discussion based on the DDS AD9854 the radar IF simulator principles and key technologies. DDS (direct digital synthesis technology) is a new technology in frequency synthesis field. It uses a large-scale integrated all-digital technology, with small size, low power consumption, high frequency resolution, the advantages of easy to control programming. One AD9854 DDS chips can output a radar simulated target, Multiple DDS chip can simulate a number of multiple targets. DDS simulated target signal control words are provided by the radar control computer, which is generated base on radar center of the ballistic computer data and target flying model. Simulated target signal are mode of location, distance, speed, and other precise information. By this way, it can substitute for the real goal in the radar operators to achieve in real combat platform on it real training.
And then, the model and algorithm, based on the radar equation and the flying objectives is given. The IF signal simulation model and algorithm basis on the trajectory and flight parameters of the target is given. First, a sine function cycle is sampling through the phase of digital, each phase corresponds to quantify the extent of 16, external storage to extend the DSP-in to the SDRAM. The SDRAM address line is actually a sine function of the digital phase. It is calculated for each sampling point the corresponding figure in the formation phase target scattering point when the number of characteristic frequency is generated. Then, the corresponding sampling points are obtained by look-up SDRAM- table. In this way generate target feature series, need only a simple MAC computing features of the data stored by the address sequence. Inquiry form to the address entered into a phase of information mapping sine wave signal rate, through the D / A converter to a digital analog, and then smoothing the low pass filter and filter out unwanted sampling component to the output spectrum of pure sine Wave signal.
Finally, introduce the theory and key technology about achieve visual simulation scenes base on OpenGL, gives the software design process in a variety of work mode. Visual simulation scenes of the purpose is to provide objective attitude and flight track of the visual image of the screen, and target acquisition radar for tracking the test situation and friendly man-machine interface, so that operators in the process of training have real test feeling. The software operating modes are the real-time mode, the map playback mode, the system simulation models and real-time intercept mode.
The system is designed in embedded mode, use of radar computer hardware and software resources, through signal processing technology, computer software and multimedia technologies, to target signal simulation and test simulation scenes. In low-cost state, operators in a real platform and environment conduct real operator training. System design without additional hardware investment, economic and practical, significantly lower training costs and shorten the training cycle and improve the training effect. Now this system has been applied to weapon system test task successfully, huge outlay for military training is saved. This system played an important role in completed a certain weapon system test.
引文
[1] 王晶. 基于 DDS 技术的扩频信号发生器.实验科学与技术[J].2006
[2] 卜正明.光学经纬仪动态仿真训练系统设计[J].国防科技大学,2004
[3] 沈红.雷达中频信号模拟[J].南京理工大学,2003
[4] 宫峻岭.火控雷达训练仿真系统的设计与实现[J]沈阳工业大学,2006
[5] 李为民.舰船目标雷达回波特征信号的建模与仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2005
[6] 杨榜林,金振中.军事装备试验学[J].国防工业出版社,2002
[7] 龚锦龙. 光学经纬仪动态仿真训练系统设计[J].电子科学技术大学,2003
[8] 杨峻岭.基于DDS的雷达中频回波模拟器的设计与实现[J].系统工程学报,2006
[9] 蓝天.直接数字频率合成器DDS的优化与设计[J].电子技术与应用,2007
[10] 桑切斯.Microsoft DirectX多媒体程序设计[M]. 北京:邮电出版社,2005
[11] 乔林,费广正.OpenGL程序员指南[M]. 北京:希望出版社,2002
[12] 李钦富.相控阵雷达系统仿真模型研究[J].中国电子工程学报,2007
[13] 赵将,单涛.基于DDS和RAM的雷达中频模拟器的设计与实现[J].2005
[14] 蔡荣海.基于直接数字合成技术的多普勒频率模拟方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2005
[15] 高玉良,李延廷.现代频率合成与控制技术[M].航空工业出版社,2003
[16] 周佩玲,彭虎.微机原理与接口技术[M].电子工业出版社,2006
[17] 李卫江.一种雷达多目标模拟器的主控DSP软件设计与实现[J].军民两用技术,2004
[18] 江涛.基于DDS的宽带雷达中频信号模拟器的实现[J].信息化技术与控制,2007
[19] 万鸣,赵满.DDS的变频使用方法[J].电子信息对抗技术,2008
[20] 张涛,陈亮.现代DDS的研究与概述[J].电子产品世界,2007
[21] 姚小明,张捷.基于DDS的多波形信号发生器的设计[J].现代仪器,2007
[22] 胡红豪.基于单片机和DDS的信号发生器的设计[J].电子元器件应用,2006
[23] 刘亲社,王国红.一种新型雷达信号模拟器的设计[J].空军工程大学学报,2006
[24] Bar-Giora Goldber. Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified[M]. LLH Technology Publishing,2002
[25] Yih Chyun Jenq. Direct digital synthesizer with jittered clock[J]. Computers and Operations Resarch,2005
[26] Rinnooy A H G and Timmer G T. A technical tutorial on digital signal synthesis[J]. IEEE Transact ions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2002
[2] 卜正明.光学经纬仪动态仿真训练系统设计[J].国防科技大学,2004
[3] 沈红.雷达中频信号模拟[J].南京理工大学,2003
[4] 宫峻岭.火控雷达训练仿真系统的设计与实现[J]沈阳工业大学,2006
[5] 李为民.舰船目标雷达回波特征信号的建模与仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2005
[6] 杨榜林,金振中.军事装备试验学[J].国防工业出版社,2002
[7] 龚锦龙. 光学经纬仪动态仿真训练系统设计[J].电子科学技术大学,2003
[8] 杨峻岭.基于DDS的雷达中频回波模拟器的设计与实现[J].系统工程学报,2006
[9] 蓝天.直接数字频率合成器DDS的优化与设计[J].电子技术与应用,2007
[10] 桑切斯.Microsoft DirectX多媒体程序设计[M]. 北京:邮电出版社,2005
[11] 乔林,费广正.OpenGL程序员指南[M]. 北京:希望出版社,2002
[12] 李钦富.相控阵雷达系统仿真模型研究[J].中国电子工程学报,2007
[13] 赵将,单涛.基于DDS和RAM的雷达中频模拟器的设计与实现[J].2005
[14] 蔡荣海.基于直接数字合成技术的多普勒频率模拟方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2005
[15] 高玉良,李延廷.现代频率合成与控制技术[M].航空工业出版社,2003
[16] 周佩玲,彭虎.微机原理与接口技术[M].电子工业出版社,2006
[17] 李卫江.一种雷达多目标模拟器的主控DSP软件设计与实现[J].军民两用技术,2004
[18] 江涛.基于DDS的宽带雷达中频信号模拟器的实现[J].信息化技术与控制,2007
[19] 万鸣,赵满.DDS的变频使用方法[J].电子信息对抗技术,2008
[20] 张涛,陈亮.现代DDS的研究与概述[J].电子产品世界,2007
[21] 姚小明,张捷.基于DDS的多波形信号发生器的设计[J].现代仪器,2007
[22] 胡红豪.基于单片机和DDS的信号发生器的设计[J].电子元器件应用,2006
[23] 刘亲社,王国红.一种新型雷达信号模拟器的设计[J].空军工程大学学报,2006
[24] Bar-Giora Goldber. Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified[M]. LLH Technology Publishing,2002
[25] Yih Chyun Jenq. Direct digital synthesizer with jittered clock[J]. Computers and Operations Resarch,2005
[26] Rinnooy A H G and Timmer G T. A technical tutorial on digital signal synthesis[J]. IEEE Transact ions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2002