一种新型的AIS研究与设计
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摘要
通用船载自动识别系统(AIS)自从其诞生至今发展异常迅速,特别是国际海事组织、国际电信联盟、国际航标协会和国际电工委员会为其制定标准规范后,通用船载自动识别已经成为数字化航海必不可少的设备之一。
     而现有的通用AIS不能满足一些特殊船舶的需求。这些船舶不能简单的通过通用船载自动识别系统与一般船舶交换信息,而且航行的环境较一般船舶面临许多人为干扰。鉴于此,论文研究设计了一种新型船载自动识别系统,能够实现抗干扰,数据保密和灵活的通信管理。
     新型AIS使用业已成熟的直接序列扩展频谱调制与解调,能够将信号频谱扩展到一个较宽的频带,有效地起到抗干扰通信的作用。同时需要利用的扩频码的序列条数足够多,以形成灵活的抗干扰能力。扩频码的捕获使用速度较快的匹配滤波器捕获方式,可以实现扩频码的快速捕获。
     新型AIS通过使用大增量时分多址方案,扩大了信息发送报告率的变化范围;采用分配时隙和分配报告率两种方式,增强了系统内基站台的分配功能;减少了消息类别。新型AIS的时隙接入方案有随机时分多址接入方案、增量时分多址接入方案、大增量时分多址接入方案和自组织时分多址接入方案。电台工作模式包括监听数据链、网络登录、第一帧、分配时隙模式、分配报告率模式、自主连续运行模式、改变报告率、询问模式、短信息模式,可以实现灵活的通信。
     新型AIS不但在信息的传输信道上使用了直接序列扩频调制解调加以保密,在信源通过序列密码加密和解密加以保密,密钥流是由三个产生伪随机序列的线性反馈移位寄存器经过非线性组合产生密钥序列。
     新型AIS能够应用于电磁干扰较为严重的环境下,保证信息的成功传输,即使非法接受者能够截获到信息,也无法破解出原始数据。因此,新型AIS具有广阔的应用前景。
The Universal Ship-borne Automation Identification System (AIS) has been developing rapidly since it has been invented. Especially, after being formulated with norms by International Maritime Organization, International Telecommunications Union, International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, and International Electro-technical Commission, the Universal Ship-borne Automation Identification System has been one of the essential equipments of digitalized navigation.
     But the Ship-borne Universal Automation Identification cannot meet need of some vessels. These vessels cannot exchange messages between universal vessels via the Universal Ship-borne Automation Identification System, and compared with ordinary vessels they voyages on a more complex environment. For this, a new Ship-borne Automation Identification System which can achieve the goal of Anti-jamming communications, data encryption and flexible communication control is researched and designed in this dissertation.
     With the modulation and demodulation of the Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum, the new AIS can extend spectrum spread of the signal to a wider band, which ensures anti-jamming efficiently. Meanwhile enough Spread Spectrum Sequence is needed to achieve the aim of flexible anti-jamming capacity. The acquisition of the Spread Spectrum Code adopts the way of Matched Filter with comparatively high speed to realize quick acquisition.
     The communication management of the new AIS is more flexible. It extends the scope of the message report rate via the LIDMA; enhances the ability of allocation by base station via the two ways of slot allocation and reporting rate assignment; and the new AIS still reduce the category of messages. The new AIS consists of four access protocols:RATDMA, ITDMA, LITDMA, and SOTDMA. Working modes for Transceiver are made up of Monitor data link, network entry, first frame, slot allocation mode, reporting rate assigned mode, autonomous and continuous mode, mode of reporting rate transmission, enquiry mode, and message mode.
     The new AIS not only applies the modulation and demodulation of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum to keeping secrets on information transmission, but also resorts to encryption and decryption of stream cipher to keep secrets on information source. In the new AIS, the stream cipher builder produces key stream by nonlinear combination of the three LFSRs that produce pseudo-random sequence.
     The new AIS can apply to the severe condition with heavy electromagnetic interference and assure successful transmission of information. Even though the illegal receivers can intercept the information, they can not decode the primary statistics. Therefore, the AIS has an extensive application prospect.
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