基于AIS的无线数据接入网关及通信协议的研究
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摘要
近年来,随着沿海物流行业的迅猛发展,船-岸间货运物流信息的交互需求越加迫切,由于受到海域通信特殊环境的限制,在陆地上得到成熟应用的无线通信及数据传输技术在此并不完全适用。通用船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,简称AIS系统)虽然构建了可靠的船岸通信网络,但目前主要应用在船舶避碰导航和遇险搜救等方面；如何建立一个兼容AIS标准与新型物流信息需要的无线通信平台逐渐成为近年来业内的研究热点。
在这种背景下,本文提出一种新的思路,设计一种无线数据接入网关,它利用AIS原有通信信道,对信息的数字调制、通信协议技术进行扩展研究,将包含AIS原有信息在内的船岸间的货运信息进行数字调制并带载在AIS信道上传输。将完成这种数据接入的网关安装在船台及岸台,采用自主设计的通信协议完成与岸台监控中心、物流中心的数据交互。
本文首先对AIS系统和无线网关的工作原理与技术标准进行了深入细致的探讨和研究,在此基础上设计出一种无线网关硬件终端,用于实现物流信息与AIS信息的数据融合处理,并完成船台与岸台、物流公司之间的通信。本文以CS-TDMA协议为依据,对物流信息传输的协议部分进行了自主设计,为物流信息在AIS信道中的传输提供理论依据。根据系统的功能要求,完成了硬件终端和软件程序的设计,并初步调试运行成功,为无线数据接入网关的实现提供了实物依据。
本文重点对无线网关数据传输协议、船载货物信息的编码方式以及无线网关的软、硬件实现等方面进行研究,并完成了实验室环境下网关终端的软硬件联合调试。实验结果验证了无线网关协议的设计合理。该方案的实现为如何利用已有的海上通信设备完成现代化物流信息的传输提供了一种可行的新思路。
In recent yearss, the interactive demands of the cargo logistics information between ships and shore become more urgent with the rapid development of coastal logistics industry. Wireless communication and data transmission which has applied maturely in the land are not completely applicable in marine due to its special environment. Although the Automatic Identification System has constructed a reliable communications network between ships and shore, it is mainly used in the navigation of collision avoidance and rescue in distress. Creating a platform of wireless communications which is compatible with AIS standard and keep pace with the need of new logistics information has become a research topic in recent years in the industry gradually.
In this context, a new idea is proposed to design wireless data access gateway, which utilizes the existing AIS communication channel to research digital modulation of information and communication protocol technology further. The ship-shore cargo informations that contains the original AIS information are loaded in AIS channels to transmit after digital modulation. After the gateway completed data access installing both in berth and on shore station, the independently designed communication protocol was used to complete data exchange with shore station monitoring center and logistics center.
Firstly, working principle and technical standards of AIS system and wireless gateway are discussed and researched deeply. Based on this, a wireless gateway hardware terminal is designed to realize fusion of logistics information and AIS data information, and completing communication between berth and shore station and between logistics companies. According to the CS-TDMA protocol, protocol of logistics information transmission is designed autonomously, which provides a theoretical basis for the information transmission in AIS channels. The hardware terminals and software design are completed based on the requirements of system. After debugging, the system runs successfully and offers a physical basis for the implementation of wireless data access gateways.
This thesis mainly focuses on the data transmission protocol of wireless gateway, the encoding ways of goods information and software, hardware and other aspects of wireless gateway. The gateway terminal joint debugging of hardware and software has completed in laboratory. Experimental results demonstrate that the design of wireless gateway protocol is reasonable. The realization of this scheme provides a new feasible idea how to use the existing maritime communication equipments to carry out the transmission of modern logistics information.
在这种背景下,本文提出一种新的思路,设计一种无线数据接入网关,它利用AIS原有通信信道,对信息的数字调制、通信协议技术进行扩展研究,将包含AIS原有信息在内的船岸间的货运信息进行数字调制并带载在AIS信道上传输。将完成这种数据接入的网关安装在船台及岸台,采用自主设计的通信协议完成与岸台监控中心、物流中心的数据交互。
本文首先对AIS系统和无线网关的工作原理与技术标准进行了深入细致的探讨和研究,在此基础上设计出一种无线网关硬件终端,用于实现物流信息与AIS信息的数据融合处理,并完成船台与岸台、物流公司之间的通信。本文以CS-TDMA协议为依据,对物流信息传输的协议部分进行了自主设计,为物流信息在AIS信道中的传输提供理论依据。根据系统的功能要求,完成了硬件终端和软件程序的设计,并初步调试运行成功,为无线数据接入网关的实现提供了实物依据。
本文重点对无线网关数据传输协议、船载货物信息的编码方式以及无线网关的软、硬件实现等方面进行研究,并完成了实验室环境下网关终端的软硬件联合调试。实验结果验证了无线网关协议的设计合理。该方案的实现为如何利用已有的海上通信设备完成现代化物流信息的传输提供了一种可行的新思路。
In recent yearss, the interactive demands of the cargo logistics information between ships and shore become more urgent with the rapid development of coastal logistics industry. Wireless communication and data transmission which has applied maturely in the land are not completely applicable in marine due to its special environment. Although the Automatic Identification System has constructed a reliable communications network between ships and shore, it is mainly used in the navigation of collision avoidance and rescue in distress. Creating a platform of wireless communications which is compatible with AIS standard and keep pace with the need of new logistics information has become a research topic in recent years in the industry gradually.
In this context, a new idea is proposed to design wireless data access gateway, which utilizes the existing AIS communication channel to research digital modulation of information and communication protocol technology further. The ship-shore cargo informations that contains the original AIS information are loaded in AIS channels to transmit after digital modulation. After the gateway completed data access installing both in berth and on shore station, the independently designed communication protocol was used to complete data exchange with shore station monitoring center and logistics center.
Firstly, working principle and technical standards of AIS system and wireless gateway are discussed and researched deeply. Based on this, a wireless gateway hardware terminal is designed to realize fusion of logistics information and AIS data information, and completing communication between berth and shore station and between logistics companies. According to the CS-TDMA protocol, protocol of logistics information transmission is designed autonomously, which provides a theoretical basis for the information transmission in AIS channels. The hardware terminals and software design are completed based on the requirements of system. After debugging, the system runs successfully and offers a physical basis for the implementation of wireless data access gateways.
This thesis mainly focuses on the data transmission protocol of wireless gateway, the encoding ways of goods information and software, hardware and other aspects of wireless gateway. The gateway terminal joint debugging of hardware and software has completed in laboratory. Experimental results demonstrate that the design of wireless gateway protocol is reasonable. The realization of this scheme provides a new feasible idea how to use the existing maritime communication equipments to carry out the transmission of modern logistics information.
引文
[1]袁安存,张淑芳.通用船载自动识别系统国际标准汇编.大连：大连海事大学出版社,2005.3：1-51
[2]International Maritime Organization. International Convention for the Safetyof Life at Sea,1974, ChaPter Ⅴ, Safety of Navigation & Related Guidelines, Effeetive 1 July,2002.
[3]郭党华.AIS技术在航海中的应用研究.中国水运,2008.10
[4]于娜.通用自动识别系统(AIS)的应用研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学.2007：2-4
[5]张铁军.中国沿海AIS岸基骨干网的建设.水道港口.2006：79-83
[6]孙文力,孙文强.船载自动识别系统.大连：大连海事大学出版社,2004：3-18
[7]孙广,孙文强.船载自动识别系统的讨论.大连海事大学学报,1999,25(3)
[8]徐志京,许开宇,浦皆伟.AIS中四种协议的应用探讨.航海技术.2003：(4)
[9]李军.SOTDMA在AIS中的应用研究：(硕士学位论文).上海：上海海运学院.2003：53-55
[10]基于双处理器的ZiggBee无线网关的设计与实现.煤矿机械.2010.10
[11]IALA TECHNICAL CLARIFICATIONS ONRECOMMENDATION. ITU-RM.1371-2,2006.
[12]INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 6199-3 Annex B:New IEC 61162-1 sentenes due to AIS.
[13]包雄关,庞宪良.船载AIS中GMSK基带调制解调的实现.浙江海洋学院学报,2005.3
[14]樊昌信,曹丽娜编著.通信原理.北京：国防工业出版社,2009.1
[15]王明世,张仁颐.浅析AIS在港航物流系统中的商务应用.港口科技.2007：(6)：50-53
[16]贾瑛卓.嵌入式CS-AIS接收通道和显示终端的设计与实现：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学.2008：8-14
[17]刘彤,吴建华,雷金平.A1S通信系统性能分析.交通科技.2004：(4)
[18]张京娟,郝燕玲.AIS系统时隙预约选择算法的分析.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2002：(5)
[19]张铁军.自动船舶识别系统的信息解码技术研究.武汉理工大学学报.2007：31(4)：595-598
[20]FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD PROJET FINAL DE NORME INTERNATIONA-LE. IEC 62287-1 Ed.1,2006.
[21]徐阳,刘笃仁,周娟.自动识别系统(AIS)中的通信系统硬件设计.电子元器件应用.2008：(9)
[22]王晓宁,基于C8051F340单片机的USB数据采集系统.医疗卫生设备.2009：(7)
[23]丁建军,王曦华.基于8051单片机的液晶屏接口设计.电脑知识与技术.2009：(34)
[24]潘银春.工程机械远程监控终端的硬件设计：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京理工大学.2008：16-19
[25]李泉,海宝军.RS-232收发器接口芯片SP3223E/3243E的原理及应用.国外电子元器件.2005：(9)
[26]韩伟.AIS(CLASS B)船台在应用中需要关注的问题.中国海事.2008：(8)
[27]吕建荣,纪胜谋,王玉,徐健健.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)VHF接收机的设计.电子测量技术.2008：(10)
[28]王明顺.基于LM2576的高可靠MCU电源设计.国外电子元器件.2004：(11)
[29]张新定,刘笃仁.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)的通信系统软件设计.电子元器件应用.2008：(6)
[30]孙斌,胡越黎.AIS数据分析与系统实现.机电设备.2007：(7)
[2]International Maritime Organization. International Convention for the Safetyof Life at Sea,1974, ChaPter Ⅴ, Safety of Navigation & Related Guidelines, Effeetive 1 July,2002.
[3]郭党华.AIS技术在航海中的应用研究.中国水运,2008.10
[4]于娜.通用自动识别系统(AIS)的应用研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学.2007：2-4
[5]张铁军.中国沿海AIS岸基骨干网的建设.水道港口.2006：79-83
[6]孙文力,孙文强.船载自动识别系统.大连：大连海事大学出版社,2004：3-18
[7]孙广,孙文强.船载自动识别系统的讨论.大连海事大学学报,1999,25(3)
[8]徐志京,许开宇,浦皆伟.AIS中四种协议的应用探讨.航海技术.2003：(4)
[9]李军.SOTDMA在AIS中的应用研究：(硕士学位论文).上海：上海海运学院.2003：53-55
[10]基于双处理器的ZiggBee无线网关的设计与实现.煤矿机械.2010.10
[11]IALA TECHNICAL CLARIFICATIONS ONRECOMMENDATION. ITU-RM.1371-2,2006.
[12]INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 6199-3 Annex B:New IEC 61162-1 sentenes due to AIS.
[13]包雄关,庞宪良.船载AIS中GMSK基带调制解调的实现.浙江海洋学院学报,2005.3
[14]樊昌信,曹丽娜编著.通信原理.北京：国防工业出版社,2009.1
[15]王明世,张仁颐.浅析AIS在港航物流系统中的商务应用.港口科技.2007：(6)：50-53
[16]贾瑛卓.嵌入式CS-AIS接收通道和显示终端的设计与实现：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学.2008：8-14
[17]刘彤,吴建华,雷金平.A1S通信系统性能分析.交通科技.2004：(4)
[18]张京娟,郝燕玲.AIS系统时隙预约选择算法的分析.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2002：(5)
[19]张铁军.自动船舶识别系统的信息解码技术研究.武汉理工大学学报.2007：31(4)：595-598
[20]FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD PROJET FINAL DE NORME INTERNATIONA-LE. IEC 62287-1 Ed.1,2006.
[21]徐阳,刘笃仁,周娟.自动识别系统(AIS)中的通信系统硬件设计.电子元器件应用.2008：(9)
[22]王晓宁,基于C8051F340单片机的USB数据采集系统.医疗卫生设备.2009：(7)
[23]丁建军,王曦华.基于8051单片机的液晶屏接口设计.电脑知识与技术.2009：(34)
[24]潘银春.工程机械远程监控终端的硬件设计：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京理工大学.2008：16-19
[25]李泉,海宝军.RS-232收发器接口芯片SP3223E/3243E的原理及应用.国外电子元器件.2005：(9)
[26]韩伟.AIS(CLASS B)船台在应用中需要关注的问题.中国海事.2008：(8)
[27]吕建荣,纪胜谋,王玉,徐健健.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)VHF接收机的设计.电子测量技术.2008：(10)
[28]王明顺.基于LM2576的高可靠MCU电源设计.国外电子元器件.2004：(11)
[29]张新定,刘笃仁.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)的通信系统软件设计.电子元器件应用.2008：(6)
[30]孙斌,胡越黎.AIS数据分析与系统实现.机电设备.2007：(7)