农药航空静电喷雾系统及其应用研究
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摘要
本文针对农林病虫害多发性、大面积、突发性的特点,在分析国内外航空静电喷雾系统的基础上,开发并研制了一套应用于农用飞机Y5B上的航空静电喷雾系统。
论文就航空静电喷雾过程中雾滴的雾化过程、荷电过程、输运过程和沉积过程进行了基础理论分析和测试研究。利用极坐标系和镜像电荷法对双喷嘴静电喷头的圆管状电极产生的空间电势和电场进行了求解。建立了荷电雾滴的运动方程,获得了喷雾粒子的飞行距离和垂直降落高度随时间变化的显式表达式。建立了喷雾液滴沉积分布的对数正态概率分布模型,论文采用时间增量法对荷电雾滴运动轨迹模型进行了求解,根据粒子系统原理,实现了在不同电压下雾滴雾化情况和雾滴运动轨迹的模拟。开展了样机飞行试验研究,在Y5B农用飞机上挂载航空静电喷雾系统进行了雾滴沉积、有效喷幅、雾滴飘移等方面的测试。结果表明,该喷雾系统工作稳定,比较常规航空喷雾,雾滴沉积明显增加,而且分布均匀,飘移明显减少。
航空静电喷雾不仅能提高农药有效利用率,减少环境污染,而且针对大面积的森林、农田和暴发性的病虫害能够达到快速、及时防治的效果,满足现实生产的需要。
Aimed at the characteristics of plant diseases and insect pests of agriculture and forestry, such as multiple, large area and flare-up, a set of aerial electrostatic spraying system applied on agricultural aircraft Y5B was developed and manufactured based on analyzing aerial electrostatic spraying system both at home and abroad.
The aerial electrostatic spraying process was introduced including atomizing, charging, transporting and depositing process of droplets, and the basic electrostatic spraying theories and experiments were studied. Special electric potential and electric field emerged by tubular electrode of double-nozzle of aerial electrostatic sprayer were achieved by polar coordinates and mirror-charge method. The movement equation of droplets was set up and the expression about flying distance and vertical drop-down height variation with time of charged particle was obtained.Spray distribution probability model of aerial electrostatic nozzle was established. The time-increment method was adopted for settling the model of charged droplets moving trajectory model. According to particle system mechanism, modeling of atomizing and moving trajectory of droplets in different voltages were realized. Several aircraft flying experiments were developed and carried out with the aerial electrostatic spraying system mounted Y5B aircraft, including droplets deposition, effective swath and droplets drift and so on. The result showed that the spraying system had several advantages such as working steady, deposition increase, distribution uniform and drift decrease.
Aerial electrostatic spraying is not only improving the application efficiency and decreasing environment pollution, but also attaining to prevention and cure in time aiming at plant diseases and insect pests with large area in forestry or agriculture and flare-up pests. The aerial electrostatic spraying system could be fully satisfied with actual agricultural and forestry production.
论文就航空静电喷雾过程中雾滴的雾化过程、荷电过程、输运过程和沉积过程进行了基础理论分析和测试研究。利用极坐标系和镜像电荷法对双喷嘴静电喷头的圆管状电极产生的空间电势和电场进行了求解。建立了荷电雾滴的运动方程,获得了喷雾粒子的飞行距离和垂直降落高度随时间变化的显式表达式。建立了喷雾液滴沉积分布的对数正态概率分布模型,论文采用时间增量法对荷电雾滴运动轨迹模型进行了求解,根据粒子系统原理,实现了在不同电压下雾滴雾化情况和雾滴运动轨迹的模拟。开展了样机飞行试验研究,在Y5B农用飞机上挂载航空静电喷雾系统进行了雾滴沉积、有效喷幅、雾滴飘移等方面的测试。结果表明,该喷雾系统工作稳定,比较常规航空喷雾,雾滴沉积明显增加,而且分布均匀,飘移明显减少。
航空静电喷雾不仅能提高农药有效利用率,减少环境污染,而且针对大面积的森林、农田和暴发性的病虫害能够达到快速、及时防治的效果,满足现实生产的需要。
Aimed at the characteristics of plant diseases and insect pests of agriculture and forestry, such as multiple, large area and flare-up, a set of aerial electrostatic spraying system applied on agricultural aircraft Y5B was developed and manufactured based on analyzing aerial electrostatic spraying system both at home and abroad.
The aerial electrostatic spraying process was introduced including atomizing, charging, transporting and depositing process of droplets, and the basic electrostatic spraying theories and experiments were studied. Special electric potential and electric field emerged by tubular electrode of double-nozzle of aerial electrostatic sprayer were achieved by polar coordinates and mirror-charge method. The movement equation of droplets was set up and the expression about flying distance and vertical drop-down height variation with time of charged particle was obtained.Spray distribution probability model of aerial electrostatic nozzle was established. The time-increment method was adopted for settling the model of charged droplets moving trajectory model. According to particle system mechanism, modeling of atomizing and moving trajectory of droplets in different voltages were realized. Several aircraft flying experiments were developed and carried out with the aerial electrostatic spraying system mounted Y5B aircraft, including droplets deposition, effective swath and droplets drift and so on. The result showed that the spraying system had several advantages such as working steady, deposition increase, distribution uniform and drift decrease.
Aerial electrostatic spraying is not only improving the application efficiency and decreasing environment pollution, but also attaining to prevention and cure in time aiming at plant diseases and insect pests with large area in forestry or agriculture and flare-up pests. The aerial electrostatic spraying system could be fully satisfied with actual agricultural and forestry production.
引文
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