大连市陆岛客运夜航可行性分析与评价
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摘要
海岛作为一个国家领土的重要组成,是划分领海及其他管辖海域的重要标志,是领海治控与海洋开发的基地。世界上的许多岛屿已经成为各国海洋开发和海空运输线的要冲和中转站,更是建设和保卫海洋疆土的重要战略据点。
随着辽宁省、市经济的持续发展,其海岛由过去的国防桥头堡逐渐转变为经济、贸易和旅游的桥头堡,成为港口与海上运输、石油开发、水产养捕与加工的前沿阵地。与此同时,陆岛交通也日益紧张,并已成为海岛经济进一步发展的制约因素。目前大连陆岛客运涉及到的所有陆岛和串岛均为日航,若单以白天通航,则航道通航能力大幅度降低,与旺盛的陆岛客运需求尚不能完全适应。因此,开展夜间客运,可以充分发挥港口潜能和资源,促进港口的可持续发展。考虑到经济性问题以及现有条件和设施,本文研究的夜航主要是指适当延长营运时间。开展陆岛客运夜航还需要考虑航标设置、港口夜间作业条件及作业班次安排船员水平、船舶夜航设施配备、客运需求等诸多方面的因素。
本文以“陆岛客运夜航的可行性研究”课题为依托,通过对大连陆岛旅客(滚装)运输现状的分析和其未来发展形势的预测,运用技术经济分析及论证的方法,结合大连陆岛夜航安全性评价结果,分析现有陆岛旅客(滚装)运输存在的安全隐患问题,并提出开展夜航的可行性和必要性,以适应大连市陆岛旅客(滚装)运输发展的需要。
Island, as an important component of a national territory, has now become the symbol of divide between territorial waters and other waters under jurisdiction, the base for territorial sea control and marine development. Many islands in the world are key point for ocean exploitation and hub for sea-air transport, and also a strategic point to build and defend marine territory.
With the continuous development of Liaoning Province, its islands has turned from a national defense role to an advance position for economy, trade, tourism, and also for shipping, oil exploration, aquaculture and aquatic product processing. At the same time, Land-Island transport is increasingly tense, being a constraint for further development of island economy. For the moment, Dalian Land-Island transport adopts day navigation only which reduces its capacity and not adapts with the increasing transportation demand. To start the night Land-Island transport will give more play to ports'resources and promote its sustainable development, in which case, however, many factors need to be considered, such as navigation aids setting, port facilities, seamen skills, equipment for night navigation on ship and shipping demand etc.
Basis on the research of "Land-Island Passengers Transport at Night Feasibility", this paper makes a description on Dalian land-island transport situation and a forecast on its future development, and then, by means of technical economics and questionnaire statistics results, existing problems for the night transport are brought forward.
随着辽宁省、市经济的持续发展,其海岛由过去的国防桥头堡逐渐转变为经济、贸易和旅游的桥头堡,成为港口与海上运输、石油开发、水产养捕与加工的前沿阵地。与此同时,陆岛交通也日益紧张,并已成为海岛经济进一步发展的制约因素。目前大连陆岛客运涉及到的所有陆岛和串岛均为日航,若单以白天通航,则航道通航能力大幅度降低,与旺盛的陆岛客运需求尚不能完全适应。因此,开展夜间客运,可以充分发挥港口潜能和资源,促进港口的可持续发展。考虑到经济性问题以及现有条件和设施,本文研究的夜航主要是指适当延长营运时间。开展陆岛客运夜航还需要考虑航标设置、港口夜间作业条件及作业班次安排船员水平、船舶夜航设施配备、客运需求等诸多方面的因素。
本文以“陆岛客运夜航的可行性研究”课题为依托,通过对大连陆岛旅客(滚装)运输现状的分析和其未来发展形势的预测,运用技术经济分析及论证的方法,结合大连陆岛夜航安全性评价结果,分析现有陆岛旅客(滚装)运输存在的安全隐患问题,并提出开展夜航的可行性和必要性,以适应大连市陆岛旅客(滚装)运输发展的需要。
Island, as an important component of a national territory, has now become the symbol of divide between territorial waters and other waters under jurisdiction, the base for territorial sea control and marine development. Many islands in the world are key point for ocean exploitation and hub for sea-air transport, and also a strategic point to build and defend marine territory.
With the continuous development of Liaoning Province, its islands has turned from a national defense role to an advance position for economy, trade, tourism, and also for shipping, oil exploration, aquaculture and aquatic product processing. At the same time, Land-Island transport is increasingly tense, being a constraint for further development of island economy. For the moment, Dalian Land-Island transport adopts day navigation only which reduces its capacity and not adapts with the increasing transportation demand. To start the night Land-Island transport will give more play to ports'resources and promote its sustainable development, in which case, however, many factors need to be considered, such as navigation aids setting, port facilities, seamen skills, equipment for night navigation on ship and shipping demand etc.
Basis on the research of "Land-Island Passengers Transport at Night Feasibility", this paper makes a description on Dalian land-island transport situation and a forecast on its future development, and then, by means of technical economics and questionnaire statistics results, existing problems for the night transport are brought forward.
引文
[1]Chengi Kuo. Managing Ship Safety in the 21st Century. University of Strathclyde.
[2]Erik Vanem, Rolf Skjong. Collision and Grounding of Passenger Ships-Risk Assessment and Emergency Evacuations. Det Norske Veritas, DNV Research.
[3]Vanem, E. Evacuation From Passenger Ships. DNV report No.2003-1208, Det Norske Veritas, 2003.
[4]Olufsen,O., Spouge, J., Hovem, L. The Formal Safety Assessment Methodology Applied to the Survival Capability of Passenger Ships. Proceedings of RINA Passenger Ship Safety Conference,2003.
[5]Vassalos, D., Pawowski, M., and Turan,O. A theoretical investigation on the capsizal resistance of passenger Ro/Ro vessels and proposal of survival criteria. Final Report, Task 5, The North West European R&D Project, March 1996.
[6]Report on ship's accidents in the Baltic Sea area for the year barrier, appear.2004. Issued by HELCOM 2004.
[7]Baltic Master. General Assumptions of the Ship Safety on Southern and Western Baltic Sea. Report (M II part 2/4), Maritime University of Szczecin,2006.
[8]Dracos Vassalos, Andrzej Jasionowski, Luis Guarin. Passenger Ship Safety:Science Paving the Way. Proceedings of the 8th International Ship Stability Workshop, Istanbul, October 2005.
[9]殷志明.关于船舶安全航行的综合研究.沿海企业与科技,2010(6)
[10]关腾飞.基于船舶安全航行的研究.中国海事,2010(7)
[11]李文虎.有关船舶安全航行、操纵的几个问题.航海技术,2006(3).
[12]赵新江.船舶安全航行的经验几则.航海技术,2010(1).
[13]郑道昌.船舶安全航行支持系统的构建.上海海事大学,2002.
[14]吴海华.影响船舶航行安全因素分析.中国水运,2006.
[15]王家宏,艾万政.大风浪中船舶安全航行对策研究.中国水运,2010(12)
[16]刘永.大风浪中船舶安全航行探讨.中国水运,2007(9).
[17]沈四林.海浪与船舶安全航行.天津航海,2001(1).
[18]黄志.对雾航中船舶安全航速的分析与探讨.世界海运,1998(1)
[19]丁兆霖.对改善雾航安全的几点建议.航海技术,1997(5)
[20]乔归民.船舶雾航安全的分析、探讨和实践.中国航海,2002(4)
[21]邵哲平.保证雾航安全的有效措施.世界海运,1995.
[22]沈伦田.我国沿海冬季影响传播安全航行的气象因素与对策.航海技术,2003(6)
[23]叶先锋.港口环境对船舶安全航行的影响及安全评价.中国水运,2009(5)
[24]江福才.回归分析在船舶安全航行中的应用.武汉交通科技大学学报,2000(3).
[25]黄克辉,韩会民.浅谈船员人际关系对船舶安全航行的重要性.广州航海高等专科学校学报,2001(2)
[26]王小金,吴荣甲.船长的能力和素质对船舶安全起着决定作用.2003年海上航行安全论文集,2003.
[27]罗文.夜间航行驶员交接班步骤及注意事项.航海技术,1996.
[28]林少明.人体节律对夜航的影响及对策分析.珠江水运,2005.
[29]陈海泉.船舶夜间航行安全措施.中国水运.2007
[30]王小金.刍议船舶的安全夜航.中国水运.2005
[31]吴桐林.谈长江安徽航段如何夜航.2004年度学术交流会论文集-船舶引航.
[32]江原生.进江海船夜航探讨.水运科技信息,1999.
[33]欧阳军.关于长江夜航问题(江苏段)的思考与对策.现代管理科学,2002(8)
[34]沈祥法.关于长江分段引航与夜航的改革.中国港口,2003(2)
[35]孙敬东.长江江苏段汽渡船夜航安全保障探讨.交通科技,2003.
[36]姜艳燕.海轮进出长江江苏段安全夜航成套技术研究.中国海事.
[37]刘剑.加强大连市陆岛运输管理.水运管理,2008.
[38]张志欣.体制创新 加强长山群岛陆岛运输安全监督.中国海事,2006(10)
[39]黄振才.高速客轮夜航探讨与实践.珠江水运,2003.
[40]叶全忠,黄荔飞.福州港闽江口内港区夜航可行性探讨.中国水运,2010.
[41]邬惠国,卫家骏.禁止高速客船夜航的时间确定.上海海事大学学报,2004.
[42]林文正.高速客船夜航训练的探讨.中国港监,1999.
[43]常国松.大连陆岛运输船队规划研究.大连海事大学硕十论文,2008.
[44]2010大连市港口客运企业年审汇总表.2010.
[45]大连市水上旅客运输企业名录及航线表.2011.
[46]徐国祥.统计预测和决策.上海：上海财经大学出版社,1998.
[47]易丹辉.数据分析与Eviews应用.中国统计出版社,2002.
[48]吕靖,梁晶.技术经济学.大连海事大学出版社,2000.
[49]国家发展改革委与建设部.建设项目经济评价方法与参数(第三版).中国计划出版社,2006.
[50]王磊.基于盐田国际集装箱码头的港口客户市场研究.大连海事大学硕士论文,2007.
[51]张丽仙.浅谈市场调查中态度测量方法.东北财经大学硕士论文,2004.
[52]盛骤,谢式千.概率论与数理统计(第三版).北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
[53]刘尔烈,戴峙东.模糊综合评价方法在工程项目社会评价中的应用.港工技术,2002.
[54]Frank, Zhang. Applying Importance-Performance of Beijing as an International Meeting Destination. Journal of Travel Research,1997,35 (4):42.
[2]Erik Vanem, Rolf Skjong. Collision and Grounding of Passenger Ships-Risk Assessment and Emergency Evacuations. Det Norske Veritas, DNV Research.
[3]Vanem, E. Evacuation From Passenger Ships. DNV report No.2003-1208, Det Norske Veritas, 2003.
[4]Olufsen,O., Spouge, J., Hovem, L. The Formal Safety Assessment Methodology Applied to the Survival Capability of Passenger Ships. Proceedings of RINA Passenger Ship Safety Conference,2003.
[5]Vassalos, D., Pawowski, M., and Turan,O. A theoretical investigation on the capsizal resistance of passenger Ro/Ro vessels and proposal of survival criteria. Final Report, Task 5, The North West European R&D Project, March 1996.
[6]Report on ship's accidents in the Baltic Sea area for the year barrier, appear.2004. Issued by HELCOM 2004.
[7]Baltic Master. General Assumptions of the Ship Safety on Southern and Western Baltic Sea. Report (M II part 2/4), Maritime University of Szczecin,2006.
[8]Dracos Vassalos, Andrzej Jasionowski, Luis Guarin. Passenger Ship Safety:Science Paving the Way. Proceedings of the 8th International Ship Stability Workshop, Istanbul, October 2005.
[9]殷志明.关于船舶安全航行的综合研究.沿海企业与科技,2010(6)
[10]关腾飞.基于船舶安全航行的研究.中国海事,2010(7)
[11]李文虎.有关船舶安全航行、操纵的几个问题.航海技术,2006(3).
[12]赵新江.船舶安全航行的经验几则.航海技术,2010(1).
[13]郑道昌.船舶安全航行支持系统的构建.上海海事大学,2002.
[14]吴海华.影响船舶航行安全因素分析.中国水运,2006.
[15]王家宏,艾万政.大风浪中船舶安全航行对策研究.中国水运,2010(12)
[16]刘永.大风浪中船舶安全航行探讨.中国水运,2007(9).
[17]沈四林.海浪与船舶安全航行.天津航海,2001(1).
[18]黄志.对雾航中船舶安全航速的分析与探讨.世界海运,1998(1)
[19]丁兆霖.对改善雾航安全的几点建议.航海技术,1997(5)
[20]乔归民.船舶雾航安全的分析、探讨和实践.中国航海,2002(4)
[21]邵哲平.保证雾航安全的有效措施.世界海运,1995.
[22]沈伦田.我国沿海冬季影响传播安全航行的气象因素与对策.航海技术,2003(6)
[23]叶先锋.港口环境对船舶安全航行的影响及安全评价.中国水运,2009(5)
[24]江福才.回归分析在船舶安全航行中的应用.武汉交通科技大学学报,2000(3).
[25]黄克辉,韩会民.浅谈船员人际关系对船舶安全航行的重要性.广州航海高等专科学校学报,2001(2)
[26]王小金,吴荣甲.船长的能力和素质对船舶安全起着决定作用.2003年海上航行安全论文集,2003.
[27]罗文.夜间航行驶员交接班步骤及注意事项.航海技术,1996.
[28]林少明.人体节律对夜航的影响及对策分析.珠江水运,2005.
[29]陈海泉.船舶夜间航行安全措施.中国水运.2007
[30]王小金.刍议船舶的安全夜航.中国水运.2005
[31]吴桐林.谈长江安徽航段如何夜航.2004年度学术交流会论文集-船舶引航.
[32]江原生.进江海船夜航探讨.水运科技信息,1999.
[33]欧阳军.关于长江夜航问题(江苏段)的思考与对策.现代管理科学,2002(8)
[34]沈祥法.关于长江分段引航与夜航的改革.中国港口,2003(2)
[35]孙敬东.长江江苏段汽渡船夜航安全保障探讨.交通科技,2003.
[36]姜艳燕.海轮进出长江江苏段安全夜航成套技术研究.中国海事.
[37]刘剑.加强大连市陆岛运输管理.水运管理,2008.
[38]张志欣.体制创新 加强长山群岛陆岛运输安全监督.中国海事,2006(10)
[39]黄振才.高速客轮夜航探讨与实践.珠江水运,2003.
[40]叶全忠,黄荔飞.福州港闽江口内港区夜航可行性探讨.中国水运,2010.
[41]邬惠国,卫家骏.禁止高速客船夜航的时间确定.上海海事大学学报,2004.
[42]林文正.高速客船夜航训练的探讨.中国港监,1999.
[43]常国松.大连陆岛运输船队规划研究.大连海事大学硕十论文,2008.
[44]2010大连市港口客运企业年审汇总表.2010.
[45]大连市水上旅客运输企业名录及航线表.2011.
[46]徐国祥.统计预测和决策.上海：上海财经大学出版社,1998.
[47]易丹辉.数据分析与Eviews应用.中国统计出版社,2002.
[48]吕靖,梁晶.技术经济学.大连海事大学出版社,2000.
[49]国家发展改革委与建设部.建设项目经济评价方法与参数(第三版).中国计划出版社,2006.
[50]王磊.基于盐田国际集装箱码头的港口客户市场研究.大连海事大学硕士论文,2007.
[51]张丽仙.浅谈市场调查中态度测量方法.东北财经大学硕士论文,2004.
[52]盛骤,谢式千.概率论与数理统计(第三版).北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
[53]刘尔烈,戴峙东.模糊综合评价方法在工程项目社会评价中的应用.港工技术,2002.
[54]Frank, Zhang. Applying Importance-Performance of Beijing as an International Meeting Destination. Journal of Travel Research,1997,35 (4):42.