临海港口航道航行环境安全综合评价及计算机辅助实现
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摘要
先进的科学技术虽为船舶在港口航道的航行安全提供了客观的保障,但是事故还时有发生。影响航行安全的因素是多方面的,主要是人、船、航行环境、管理四大因素。目前,资料表明,对港口航道航行环境的安全评价的研究目前还处在起步阶段,尤其对临海港口航道航行环境的研究更是如此。所谓临海港口航道,主要针对面临海洋、离海较近、受海洋潮汐影响较大的感潮港口航道。因此,本文的选题具有一定的新意,同时正确评价临海港口航道的航行环境的安全状况和程度对保障和改进航行安全的决策具有显著的科学意义、经济价值和社会意义。
     本文是“船舶运输安全评价技术”课题的一个小项目。全文首先从安全系统工程的角度出发,简要分析和归纳了几种定量评价方法。通过对几种定量方法的比较分析之后,选定了模糊综合评价方法作为本文评价的方法,而且实践也认可了该方法。
     然后,按照FSA的模式,利用定性和定量相结合的系统分析方法,着重以临海港口航道航行环境为评价对象,从单船的角度考虑,在综合分析影响船舶航行安全的临海港口航行环境的内部因素和自然因素的基础上,参考大量文献,结合实际情况和其他学者的相关研究成果确定了评价因素体系。
     接着,利用模糊综合评价的定量评价方法,根据国内外有关安全评价的相关资料和数据调查、分析和统计,制定了各评价因素的指标化评价标准;通过采用模糊数学中确定隶属函数常用的图式法中的广义钟形函数,并经过不断修正,才确定了各因素的隶属度函数,并且利用MATLAB工具作出了各个函数的图像;利用层次分析法(AHP)并借助MATLAB及Excel软件计算出各个因素的权重值;模糊算子采用了加权平均法;在以上基础上,建立了多层次的模糊综合评价数学模型。
     最后,以模型为基础,运用Visual C++6.0的编程语言,开发了计算机辅助安全评价系统。该系统具有查阅有关港口信息,快速计算临海港口航道安全综合程度及提出相关建议等功能。
     为了验证本文所建立的模型和系统的正确性、适用性,将该模型和系统在镇江港口航道、南通港口航道进行了检验,输出的结果比较符合实际情况。该项研究可为港口监督人员、航道管理人员、船舶公司指挥人员、船舶驾驶员提供了科学的决策依据和参考,具有一定的实用价值。
Advance science technology provides objective safeguard for vessels that are navigated in ports' channels. Nowadays, marine accidents always are happened. The factors affecting navigation safety are sorts, including men, vessels, environment and management. According to statistics, it is proved that the study of Safety Evaluation about channel environment is still in a very preliminary stage, especially in rivers channels linking up with sea, which are faced with sea, not far from sea, and affected greatly by tide. Therefore, the subject of this paper has some new meanings, while correctly evaluating the safety and danger degree of these channels environment has prominent science significance, economy worthiness and society value in ensuring improve safety navigation.
    This paper is one of small items of the problem for research about "ship transportation safety assessment technology". To start with, this paper analyzes and summarizes succinctly some quantitative evaluation methods from safety systems engineering. After comparing and analyzing these quantitative evaluation methods, the author has made choice of fuzzy comprehensive assessment as the evaluation method in the paper.
    Moreover, according to the mode of FSA (Formal Safety Assessment), this paper applies a system analysis method, which is combined with quantitative and qualitative methods, and takes the inland channels environment linking up with sea as the objects of evaluation and approaches the problem from the single vessel angle. Basing on comprehensive analysis of internal and natural environmental factors that affect the navigation safety of vessels in these channels, referring to many reference books, combining with the practical things and the correlated findings of other scholars, the author has established an evaluation system of factors.
    Then, the author has applied the mathematical means of fuzzy comprehensive assessment and correlative materials analysis and statistics about safety evaluation all over world to formulate a quantitative assessment standard of evaluation factors. Futherly, basing on a kind of pattern of Generalize Bellmembership Function in Fuzzy Mathematics, the anthor has established a membership function of every factor, and corrects it constantly. In addition, the
    
    
    author has applied the tool of MATLAB to describe a picture of function. Then, by the means of AHP, the author has tended to determine the weights of these factors, applied the tools of MATLAB, EXCEL to calculate every weight value, and adopted the algorithm of pulse weights mean on the fuzzy arithmetic operators. On the base of above knowledge, the author has constructed a multigradation mathematical model on fuzzy comprehensive assessment.
    At last, basing on the mathematical model and applying Visual 0+6.0 compiled language, the author has developed a computer-aided system on safety evaluation. The system has primarily some functions as follows: First, some correlated information of some port channels can be looked up in the system. Second, safety comprehensive assessment grade about a port's channel can be calculated quickly, and some corrected advices can be put forward in the system.
    In order to test the right and application of the model and the system established in this paper, the author applied the model and the system software to Zhengjiang port' channel and Nantong port' channel. The test results accord with facts. This research can be regarded as useful basis and reference by the harbors' superintendents, the channels' management persons, and company controllers, and steering ship pilots to make a scientific decision. Hereby, it is of great practical value on navigation.
    Qiu Yunming (major in Transportation Means Utilization Engineering) Directed by Prof. Chen Weijiong and Associate Prof.Chen Jinbiao.
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