基于Web的网络学习系统的设计
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摘要
信息化时代，人们对教育提出了新要求，基于Web的网络学习系统作为一种新的教学方式备受关注。与传统的教学模式相比，基于Web的网络学习系统不受时空环境的限制，使终身教育成为可能，符合现代人才发展的需要。近年来，它的发展尤为迅速。
本论文主要目的是在基于新一代Web技术环境下，利用数据挖掘中的关联挖掘方法设计满足个性化要求的网络学习系统。首先，在对网络学习系统的概念、特点理解的基础上，分析了现有系统的不足之处及其发展趋势，着重说明了智能化、个性化对系统的意义。其次，对Web技术和关联挖掘算法进行了分析研究，其中重点探讨了基于XML的网络新技术和实施关联规则挖掘的Apriori算法以及它们对本系统的意义；再次，利用UML的面向对象建模方法，先使用用户角色和用例图实现系统功能分析，再在新的Web应用体系结构下对系统数据、业务对象以及表示层用户接口和关键功能模块分别进行设计，得出了一个满足个性化要求的实用系统；再次，分析研究了系统中用到的重要技术及解决方案，其中包括基于XML的系统数据交换方法和基于关联挖掘算法的个性化课程学习的解决方案。特别地，针对网络学习系统这一特定领域研究了对Apriori算法进行改进的方法，提出利用相关性关系对挖掘后得到的规则进行了优化舍取,同时采用改进后的Apriori算法实现了对网络学习系统中表示知识点体系结构关系的规则库的构建；最后，对本系统的核心部分——个性化课程学习系统进行实现。
实践证明，在新的Web环境下，利用关联挖掘技术设计满足个性化要求的网络学习系统是一个有益的尝试。虽然目前来说，整个系统的功能还有待完善，但本文所作的研究及开发的系统对基于Web网络学习系统的开发应该有一定的实用价值和理论意义。
In the ages of information, the new demands to the education have been raised. The network learning system based on the Web as a kind of new teaching method gets high anticipation. Compared with the traditional teaching model, the network learning system based on the Web isn’t limited by the time and space and makes lifelong education possible and conforms to the developmental demand of modern talents. In recent years, its development is particularly quick.
Based on the new generation Web technique environment, the main aims in this thesis is to use the Association Mining method to design the network learning system satisfying the characteristic requests .First, the paper analyzes the defects and development trend of existing system and emphasizes the intellectualization and characteristic significance on the base of understanding the concept and characteristics of the network system. Second, the technology of the web and the association mining method are analyzed and the Apriori’ algorithm based on the new network technology of XML and the association mining rules and their significance to the system are mainly discussed. Third, using the UML’s object-oriental modeling method and user part and using example graph is completed and the system data, professional work objects user interface of express layer and function modules are designed in the new Web application system construction, thus a practical system satisfying the characteristic requirements is gained. Fourth, the important techniques and solutions in the system including the learning process realization based on XML’s Data Exchange method and association mining method are analyzed and studied. In particular, in the light of the network learning system, the method to improve Apriori’s algorithm is given and the method how to the interrelating relationship to optimize and to decided while to use the rule after mining is proposed. And then using the improved Apriori’s algorithm in the establishment and construction of rule database expressing systematic structure relationships of knowledge points in the network learning system is realized. Finally, the characteristic of course learning system
is realized.
It has proved practically that the thoughts and techniques and practices in this paper is a beneficial attempt in the new web application and has practical and theory values.
本论文主要目的是在基于新一代Web技术环境下，利用数据挖掘中的关联挖掘方法设计满足个性化要求的网络学习系统。首先，在对网络学习系统的概念、特点理解的基础上，分析了现有系统的不足之处及其发展趋势，着重说明了智能化、个性化对系统的意义。其次，对Web技术和关联挖掘算法进行了分析研究，其中重点探讨了基于XML的网络新技术和实施关联规则挖掘的Apriori算法以及它们对本系统的意义；再次，利用UML的面向对象建模方法，先使用用户角色和用例图实现系统功能分析，再在新的Web应用体系结构下对系统数据、业务对象以及表示层用户接口和关键功能模块分别进行设计，得出了一个满足个性化要求的实用系统；再次，分析研究了系统中用到的重要技术及解决方案，其中包括基于XML的系统数据交换方法和基于关联挖掘算法的个性化课程学习的解决方案。特别地，针对网络学习系统这一特定领域研究了对Apriori算法进行改进的方法，提出利用相关性关系对挖掘后得到的规则进行了优化舍取,同时采用改进后的Apriori算法实现了对网络学习系统中表示知识点体系结构关系的规则库的构建；最后，对本系统的核心部分——个性化课程学习系统进行实现。
实践证明，在新的Web环境下，利用关联挖掘技术设计满足个性化要求的网络学习系统是一个有益的尝试。虽然目前来说，整个系统的功能还有待完善，但本文所作的研究及开发的系统对基于Web网络学习系统的开发应该有一定的实用价值和理论意义。
In the ages of information, the new demands to the education have been raised. The network learning system based on the Web as a kind of new teaching method gets high anticipation. Compared with the traditional teaching model, the network learning system based on the Web isn’t limited by the time and space and makes lifelong education possible and conforms to the developmental demand of modern talents. In recent years, its development is particularly quick.
Based on the new generation Web technique environment, the main aims in this thesis is to use the Association Mining method to design the network learning system satisfying the characteristic requests .First, the paper analyzes the defects and development trend of existing system and emphasizes the intellectualization and characteristic significance on the base of understanding the concept and characteristics of the network system. Second, the technology of the web and the association mining method are analyzed and the Apriori’ algorithm based on the new network technology of XML and the association mining rules and their significance to the system are mainly discussed. Third, using the UML’s object-oriental modeling method and user part and using example graph is completed and the system data, professional work objects user interface of express layer and function modules are designed in the new Web application system construction, thus a practical system satisfying the characteristic requirements is gained. Fourth, the important techniques and solutions in the system including the learning process realization based on XML’s Data Exchange method and association mining method are analyzed and studied. In particular, in the light of the network learning system, the method to improve Apriori’s algorithm is given and the method how to the interrelating relationship to optimize and to decided while to use the rule after mining is proposed. And then using the improved Apriori’s algorithm in the establishment and construction of rule database expressing systematic structure relationships of knowledge points in the network learning system is realized. Finally, the characteristic of course learning system
is realized.
It has proved practically that the thoughts and techniques and practices in this paper is a beneficial attempt in the new web application and has practical and theory values.
引文
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[2] 尹传高. 以知识点为特征的网络学习系统模式探讨.计算机工程应用,2001,7
[3] 张义宽.现代远程教育及其分类.高等教育研究,2002,2
[4] 刘明祥,朱书强.基于Web的知识建构支持系统设计.中国远程教育，2002,9
[5] 汤晓瑛,陈国景等.基于WWW的通用性多媒体教学系统的开发.清华大学学报（自然科学版）2000,40
[6] Ruimin Shen,Qijun Wang.A Distance-learning Model Based on Web Mining.Shanghai Jiaotong University Computer Dept.Of Science and Technology
[7] 飞思科技产品研发中心编著.校园网建设和远程教育系统的开发.北京:人民邮电出版社，2002
[8] 郑翔,货远琼等. 基于工作流技术的多媒体远程教学课件模型的设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2001,11
[9] 加涅. 教学设计原理.上海:华东师范大学出版社.2002
[10] 高尚等.基于www 的远程教育软件设计中若干问题的解决.计算机应用,1999,6
[11] 陈勇等.电子商务Web数据库技术相关方法的应用研究.计算机工程与应用,2002, 38
[12] 杨恩慧等.Web开发技术基础教程.北京:电子工业出版社，2003
[13] 范国平.新概念XML教程.北京:北京科海集团公司出版,2001
[14] Elliotte Rusty Harold著,蒋大鹏等译.XML实用大全.北京:中国水利水电出版社.
[15] JeffDowney.Web Server Data Connections .PCMagazine,1998,17
[16] 微软亚洲研究院.北京:微软开发平台研究.2002
[17] An Wahlin著, 王宝良译. 基于XML的ASP.NET开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[18] Jiawei Han, MichelineKamer. Data Mining Concepts and Techlques. Morgan Kaufmann Pubilishers ,2001,5
[19] 朱明编著.数据挖掘.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2002,5
[20] 毛国军.数据挖掘的概念、系统结构和方法.计算机工程与设计,2002,8
[21] R Agrawal.fast discovery of Association Rules.In:Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data minging,AAAI Press.1995
[22] Ronald J.Norman著,周之英等译.面向对象的分析与设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[23] Yourdon.Object-Oriented System Designing:An Integrated Approach.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1994
[24] 张海藩,软件工程导论.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[25] Mark Priestley.Practical Object-Oriented Design with UML.北京:清华大学出版社（影印版）,2000
[26] 张龙祥,UML与系统分析设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[27] 张俊等,Web应用程序的设计与分析.计算机工程与应用,2000,9
[28] Ronald Bouret .Xml and Database.http://www.rpbourret.com/xml/XML and Database.htm
[29] http://www.xmldb.org/projects.html
[30] Abraham silberschatz等著, 杨冬青等译.数据库系统概念.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[31] Eric Bell.Hao Howard Feng等著,夏江译.用.Net和Xml构建Web应用程序.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[32] 长城工作室.SQL Server 2000高级应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[33] 刘兵等编著.Web高级程序设计教程.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
[34] 舒蓓,申瑞民等.个性化的远程学习模型.计算机工程与应用,2001,9
[35] H.M.Deitel等著,周靖译.Visual Basic.Net高级程序员指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[36] Matthew MacDonald著.贾晓军等译.ASP.NET完全手册. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[2] 尹传高. 以知识点为特征的网络学习系统模式探讨.计算机工程应用,2001,7
[3] 张义宽.现代远程教育及其分类.高等教育研究,2002,2
[4] 刘明祥,朱书强.基于Web的知识建构支持系统设计.中国远程教育，2002,9
[5] 汤晓瑛,陈国景等.基于WWW的通用性多媒体教学系统的开发.清华大学学报（自然科学版）2000,40
[6] Ruimin Shen,Qijun Wang.A Distance-learning Model Based on Web Mining.Shanghai Jiaotong University Computer Dept.Of Science and Technology
[7] 飞思科技产品研发中心编著.校园网建设和远程教育系统的开发.北京:人民邮电出版社，2002
[8] 郑翔,货远琼等. 基于工作流技术的多媒体远程教学课件模型的设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2001,11
[9] 加涅. 教学设计原理.上海:华东师范大学出版社.2002
[10] 高尚等.基于www 的远程教育软件设计中若干问题的解决.计算机应用,1999,6
[11] 陈勇等.电子商务Web数据库技术相关方法的应用研究.计算机工程与应用,2002, 38
[12] 杨恩慧等.Web开发技术基础教程.北京:电子工业出版社，2003
[13] 范国平.新概念XML教程.北京:北京科海集团公司出版,2001
[14] Elliotte Rusty Harold著,蒋大鹏等译.XML实用大全.北京:中国水利水电出版社.
[15] JeffDowney.Web Server Data Connections .PCMagazine,1998,17
[16] 微软亚洲研究院.北京:微软开发平台研究.2002
[17] An Wahlin著, 王宝良译. 基于XML的ASP.NET开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[18] Jiawei Han, MichelineKamer. Data Mining Concepts and Techlques. Morgan Kaufmann Pubilishers ,2001,5
[19] 朱明编著.数据挖掘.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2002,5
[20] 毛国军.数据挖掘的概念、系统结构和方法.计算机工程与设计,2002,8
[21] R Agrawal.fast discovery of Association Rules.In:Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data minging,AAAI Press.1995
[22] Ronald J.Norman著,周之英等译.面向对象的分析与设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[23] Yourdon.Object-Oriented System Designing:An Integrated Approach.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1994
[24] 张海藩,软件工程导论.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[25] Mark Priestley.Practical Object-Oriented Design with UML.北京:清华大学出版社（影印版）,2000
[26] 张龙祥,UML与系统分析设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[27] 张俊等,Web应用程序的设计与分析.计算机工程与应用,2000,9
[28] Ronald Bouret .Xml and Database.http://www.rpbourret.com/xml/XML and Database.htm
[29] http://www.xmldb.org/projects.html
[30] Abraham silberschatz等著, 杨冬青等译.数据库系统概念.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[31] Eric Bell.Hao Howard Feng等著,夏江译.用.Net和Xml构建Web应用程序.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[32] 长城工作室.SQL Server 2000高级应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[33] 刘兵等编著.Web高级程序设计教程.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
[34] 舒蓓,申瑞民等.个性化的远程学习模型.计算机工程与应用,2001,9
[35] H.M.Deitel等著,周靖译.Visual Basic.Net高级程序员指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[36] Matthew MacDonald著.贾晓军等译.ASP.NET完全手册. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003