纳米螺旋碳纤维表面Ni-Co-B、Ni-Fe-B、Ni-Fe-Co-B涂层的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
纳米碳纤维是一种新型碳材料,由于其具有优异的物理、化学性能,在结构增强材料、微波吸收材料和电磁屏蔽材料等领域有着广阔的应用前景,近几年得到了广泛的研究。为了进一步提高纳米碳纤维的电磁性能,增强其与金属、陶瓷基体的界面结合强度,本文采用化学镀的方法在其表面沉积Ni-Co-B,Ni-Fe-B,Ni-Fe-Co-B合金涂层。
     本文主要内容分为两个部分:
     首先,采用铁片作基体,用化学镀方法在碱性水溶液中制备了Ni-Co-B,Ni-Fe-B,Ni-Fe-Co-B等三个多元合金镀层。镀液是以硫酸镍、硫酸钴、硫酸亚铁铵为主盐,二甲基胺硼烷为还原剂,柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钾钠为络合剂。采用增重法计算化学镀反应的沉积速率,研究了金属盐浓度比率、还原剂浓度,镀液pH值,对镀层沉积速率及成分的影响,找出了最佳镀液配方及工艺条件。
     其次,利用优化的工艺配方在经过敏化、活化处理后的纳米螺旋碳纤维表面沉积Ni-Co-B,Ni-Fe-B,Ni-Fe-Co-B合金涂层。研究了涂覆合金涂层的纳米碳纤维的形貌,涂覆Ni-Co-B纳米碳纤维的磁学性能及其与环氧树脂复合材料的吸波性能。
     采用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层形貌,能量色散X射线能谱仪分析涂层成分,X射线衍射仪分析涂层合金结构,振动样品磁强计测试涂层磁学性能,远场雷达散射截面吸波材料反射率测量系统测试涂覆Ni-Co-B纳米碳纤维与环氧树脂复合材料的吸波性能。
     利用扫描电子显微镜观察发现在纳米螺旋碳纤维表面获得连续、均匀的合金涂层。涂层磁学性能主要研究了由金属盐浓度不同,导致涂层成分不同,对化学镀后碳纤维磁性的影响。利用振动样品磁强计测量涂覆Nj-Co-B涂层的纳米碳纤维的最优磁性能矫顽力Hc为43.7kA·m~(-1),剩余磁化强度B_r为9.2Am~2·kg~(-1)。利用远场雷达散射截面反射率测量系统测试材料的吸波性能,发现在8~18GHz频段存在明显的吸收峰,吸收峰对应的频率为11.8GHz。雷达吸收的分贝数为.20.07dB,雷达散射截面缩减百分数为99%。涂覆Ni-Co-B合金的纳米碳纤维与环氧树脂复合材料在11~14GHz频段具有良好的电磁波吸收性能。
In recent years, helical carbon nanofibers as a kind of advanced materials hadbeen studied widely, because of their excellent physical and chemical properties. Theycould be applied broadly to the structure strengthen materials, electromagneticwave,absorbing and wave-shielding materials, and so on. To further improve theelectromagnetic properties and enhance the interface bonding strength with metal orceramic matrix, Ni-Co-B, Ni-Fe-B and Ni-Fe-Co-B coatings were deposited ontohelical carbon nanofibers via electroless plating in the experiment.
     The experiment could be divided into two parts, as follow:
     Firstly, the three kinds of alloy-coatings that consisted of Ni-Co-B, Ni-Fe-B andNi-Fe-Co-B are prepared on iron samples by electroless plating, which used alkali bathcomposed of metallic salt, reducing agents and complexing agent. The main saltincluded NiSO_4·6H_2O, CoSO_4·7H_2O, Fe(NH_4)_2·(SO_4)_2·6H_2O, the complexing agentincluded KNaC_4H_4O_6·2H_2O, Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O, the reducing agents were(CH_3)_2NH·BH_3. The effects of the concentration of metallic salt ratio, theconcentration of reducing agents and bath pH on deposition rate and coatingcomposition were studied, as a result of which the optimum formula and platingconditions were found. The deposition rate of electroless plating was measured by themethod of increased mass.
     Secondly, Ni-Co-B, Ni-Fe-B, Ni-Fe-Co-B alloy coatings were deposited on the sensitized and activated helical carbon nanofibers under the optimized conditions. Themorphology of the coatings, the magnetic properties of the Ni-Co-B coatings, and theelectromagnetic wave absorbing property of Ni-Co-B coated carbon nanofibers/epoxyresin matrix composites were researched.
     The morphology, composition, crystal structure and magnetic properties of thecoatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersiveX-ray spectrometer (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibration magnetometer(VSM), respectively. The electromagnetic wave absorbing property of Ni-Co-B coatedcarbon nanofibers/epoxy resin matrix composites was measured by far-field radercross section (RCS) reflectance measurement system.
     The results showed that continuous and uniform alloy coatings could be depositedon the helical carbon nanofibers. The effect of the coating composition varied by thedifferent concentration of metallic salts ratio on the magnetic properties of coatedcarbon nanofibers were researched. The optimization magnetic properties Hc and Br ofthe coated Ni-Co-B helical carbon nanofibers were 43.7 kA·m~(-1), 9.2Am~2·kg~(-1),respectively. The electromagnetic wave absorption peak appeared in the frequencyregion of 8~18GHz by far-field rader cross section (RCS) reflectance measurementsystem. The absorbing peak frequency was 11.8GHz. The percentage of RCSreflection loss was 99%. The carbon nanofibers coated Ni-Co-B/epoxy resin matrixcomposites exhibited fine electromagnetic, wave-absorbing property in the frequencyregion of 11~14GHz.
引文
[1] Davis W. R., Slawson R. J., Rigby G. R., et al., An Unusual Form of Carbon, Nature, 1953, 171 (4356): 756~756
    [2] Motojima S., Kawaguchi M., Nozaki K., Preparation of coiled carbon fibers, by catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene and its morphology and extension characteristics, Carbon, 1991, 29(3): 379~385
    [3] Iijima S., Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 1991,354(6348): 56~58
    [4] Kuzuya C., hayashi Y., Motojima S., Preparation of carbon micro-coils involving the decomposition of hydrocarbons using PACT(plasma and catalyst technology) reactor, Carbon, 2002,40(7): 1071~1077
    [5] Du J.H., Su G., Bai S., et al., Solid catalytic growth mechanism of micro -coiled carbon fibers, Science in china(Series E), 2001, 44(4): 377~382
    [6] Shibagaki K., Motojima S., Thermal behavior and effect of heat treatment in an inert gas on oxidized carbon microcoils, Carbon, 2001, 39(3): 411~417
    [7] 李峰,杜金红,白朔,螺旋炭纤维的结构分析,材料研究学报,2004,18(2):113~118
    [8] 赵稼祥,纳米碳纤维及其应用,高科技纤维与应用,2003,28(2):7~11
    [9] 刘吉平,孙洪强,碳纳米材料,北京:科学出版社,2004
    [10] Y. Qin, Z.K. Zhang, Z.L. Cui, Helical carbon nanofibers prepared by pyrolysis of acetylene with a catalyst derived from the decomposition of copper tartrate, Carbon., 2003, 41 (15): 3072-3074
    [11] 张立德,牟季美,纳米材料和纳米结构,北京:科学出版社,2001
    [12] 张立德,纳米材料,北京:化学工业出版社,2000
    [13] 秦嵘,陈雷,碳纤维的电磁改性及应用,宇航材料工艺,1994,6:28~31
    [14] 边蕴静,电磁波屏蔽涂料,化工新型材料,1997,7:17~19
    [15] 孔凡志,张效彬,熊文庆等,用于复合材料增强体的多壁纳米碳管化学镀镍,复合材 料学报,2002,19(5):71~74
    [16] 邢丽英,刘俊能,任淑芳,短碳纤维电磁特性及其在吸波材料中应用研究,材料工程,1998,6(1):19~21
    [17] 黄祖雄,吴维,碳纳米管在聚合物基吸波隐身复合材料上的应用,材料工程,2004,7:56~57
    [18] Anglm, Hortsa, Xu G.Q., Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes with copper and nickel, Carbon, 2000, 38(3): 363~372
    [19] 李凤生,纳米功能复合材料及应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2003
    [20] 邢丽英,隐身材料,北京:化学工业出版社,2004
    [21] 张志焜,崔作林,纳米技术与纳米材料,北京:国防工业出版社,2000
    [22] 曹茂盛,雷达波隐身材料若干基础问题研究,北京:清华大学,2003
    [23] 葛盛健,镀覆电磁屏蔽复合材料,南京理工大学材料学学位论文,2004,3
    [24] Xie G.W., Wang Z.B., Cui Z.L., et al., Ni-Fe-Co-P coatings on coiled carbon nanofibers, Carbon, 2005, 43(15): 3181~3183
    [25] 曹茂盛,刘海涛,李辰砂等,碳纳米管表面处理技术的研究,中国表面工程,2002,57(4):32~36
    [26] 陈慧敏,闵娜,李四年等,碳纳米管表面化学镀Ni的研究,湖北工学院学报,2004,19(1):30~32
    [27] 曹茂盛,邱成军,朱静等,碳纳米管表面修饰的研究进展,航空材料学报,2003,23(4):59~62
    [28] 曹茂盛,陈玉金,李辰砂,碳纳米管的表面处理技术研究,中国表面工程,2002,15(4):26~28
    [29] 殷永霞,沃西源,碳纤维表面改性研究进展,航天返回与遥感,2004,25(1):51~54
    [30] 张登松,代凯,方建慧等,碳纳米管改性处理的研究,化工矿物与加工,2004(3):14~17
    [31] 梁志杰,现代表面镀覆技术,北京:国防工业出版社,2005
    [32] 钱苗根,材料表面技术及应用手册,北京:机械工业出版社,1998
    [33] 李宁,袁国伟,黎德育,化学镀镍基合金理论与技术,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002
    [34] 孙希泰,材料表面强化技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2005
    [35] 姜晓霞,沈伟,化学镀理论及实践,北京:国防工业出版社,2000
    [36] 胡文彬,刘磊,仵亚婷等,难镀基材的化学镀镍技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2003
    [37] 李宁,化学镀实用技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2004
    [38] 徐军,材料保护,武汉:材料保护杂志社,2000
    [39] 胡传昕,表面处理技术手册,北京:北京工业大学出版社,1997
    [40] 闫洪,现代化学镀镍和复合镀新技术,北京:国防工业出版社,1999
    [41] 阎洪,化学镀Ni-B合金的性能和应用,金属功能材料,1997
    [42] Kim D., Matsuda H., Aoki K., et al., Electroless Ni-P-B alloy plating solution using DMAB as reducing agent, Plating and surface finishing, 1996,82(2): 78~80
    [43] Saito T., Sato E., Matsuoka M., et al., Electroless deposition ofNi-B, Co-B and Ni-Co-B alloys using dimethylamineborane as reducing agent, Journal of applied electrochemistry, 1998, 28(5): 559~563
    [44] Saito T., Sato E., Matsuoka M. et al., Effect of heat-treatment on magnetic properties of electroless Ni-B films, Plating and surface finishing, 1999, 86(2): 53~56
    [45] Matthias G., Hannes K., Patrick S.W., et al., Direct patterning of NiB on glass substrates using microcontact printing and electroless deposition, Langmuir, 2003, 19(15): 6283~6296
    [46] 康忠明,彭秋波,代明江等,铝合金化学镀Ni-P-B的研究,电镀与涂饰,2005,24(2):11~14
    [47] 李苏,镍、磷、硼基合金化学沉积规律及应用研究,华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2002,12
    [48] 邓波,吴玉程,杨晔等,钴硼合金化学镀工艺及其性能研究(I),电镀与涂饰,2001,20(1):12~15
    [49] Lee C.C., Chou T.C., Effects of magnetic field on the electroless nickel/cobalt deposition. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1998.37 (5): 1815~1820
    [50] 王玲玲,化学镀多元铁基合金镀层的研究,湖南大学材料物理与化学专业博士学位论文,2001,11
    [51] Lindsay J.H., Electroless Plating fundamentals and applications, Plating and surface finishing, 1993, 80(6):22~23
    [52] Hajdu J., Electroless plating: the past is prologue, Plating and surface finishing, 1996, 74(12): 36~38
    [53] 黄维清,王玲玲,黄桂芳等,金属盐比值对Fe-Ni-P-B合金化学镀层的影响,电镀与涂饰,2003,22(4):4~7
    [54] 王艳芝,铝合金化学镀Ni-Fe-P-B工艺研究,电镀与环保,2002,22(4):20~22
    [55] 屠振密,潘莉,黎德育等,化学镀镍硼基多元合金的研究现状,电镀与环保,2003,23(3),1~4
    [56] 毕韶丹,化学镀Ni-Co-P合金的工艺控制因素,表面技术,2004,33(4):46~47
    [57] 饶群力,王浩伟,周尧和等,化学镀镍硼基合金镀层的研究现状及其应用前景,机械工程材料,2001,25(7):7~11
    [58] Ebbesentw, Ajayanpm, Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes, Nature, 1992, 358 (6383): 220-222
    [59] Ebbesentw, Hihura, Biherme, Decoration of carbon nanotubes, Adv. Mater., 1996, 8(2): 155
    [60] Li Q.Q., Fan S.H., Han W.Q., Coating of carbon nanotube with nickel by electroless plating method, Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., 1997, 236(4B): 501~503
    [61] 陈小华,颜永红,张高明,Ni-Co合金包覆碳纳米管的研究,微细加工技术,1999,2:17~22
    [62] 陈小华,张高明,李宏健等,碳纳米管的化学镀银及SEM研究,湖南大学学报,1999,26(6):14~18
    [63] Chen X.H., Xia J.T., Peng J.C., et al., Carbon-nanotube metal-matrix composites prepared by electroless plating, Composites science and Technology, 2000, 60:301~306
    [64] 杜金红,苏革,白朔等,气相生长纳米碳纤维表面化学镀镍,新型炭材料,2000,15(4):49~53
    [65] Leon C.A., Preparation of nickel-coated powders as precursors to reinforce MMCs. Journal of materials science, 2000, 35(19): 4763~4768
    [66] 沈曾民,赵东林,镀镍碳纳米管的微波吸收性能研究,新型炭材,2001,16(1):1~3
    [67] 曹茂盛,高正娟,朱静,CNTs/Polyester复合材料的微波吸收特性研究,材料工程,2003,2:34~36
    [68] 陈玉金,邱成军,宿辉,碳纳米管化学复合镀镍钴,中国表面工程,2003,59:29~32
    [69] Kong F.Z., Zhang X.B., Xiong W.Q., Continuous Ni-layer on multiwall carbon nanotubes by an electroless plating method, Surface and coatings Technology, 2002, 155(1): 33~36
    [70] 孔凡志,张效彬,熊文庆等,用于复合材料增强体的多壁纳米碳管化学镀镍,复合材料学报,2002,19(5):71~74
    [71] 何为,唐先中,迟兰州,碳纤维表面化学镀镍工艺研究,电镀与涂饰,2003,22(1):8~11
    [72] 易国军,蒋文忠,张刚等,碳纳米管的表面改性与镍的包覆,中国有色金属学报,2004,13(3):479~483
    [73] 宋瑞霞,谢广文,崔作林等,纳米螺旋碳纤维表面金属涂层的制备,青岛科技大学学报,2005,26(5):413~416
    [74] 石子源,高宏,王德庆,碳纤维的化学镀镍及其复合材料,兵器材料科学与工程,1997,20(1):55~59
    [75] 陈小华,王健雄,碳纳米管的化学镀镍研究,新型碳材料,2000,15(4):39~40
    [76] 张丽芳,刘金玲,任宝林,化学镀镍碳纤维结构与性能研究,材料导报,1995,6:65~69
    [77] Ang L.M., Andy T. S., Xu G.Q., et al., Electroless plating of metals onto carbon nanotubes activated by a single-step activation method, Chem.Mater., 1999,11(8): 2115~2118
    [78] 佟富强,张丽芳,碳纤维的表面化学镀镍工艺的研究,表面技术,1994,23(2):86~89
    [79] 凤仪,袁海龙,碳纳米管的化学镀银,功能材料,2004,35(3):317~319
    [80] 袁海龙,凤仪,碳纳米管的化学镀铜,中国有色金属学报,2004,14(4):665~669
    [81] 陈传盛,陈小华,李学谦等,碳纳米管增强镍磷基复合镀层研究,物理学报,2004,53(2):531~536
    [82] 贺福,杨永岗,碳纤维表面处理的新方法,高科技纤维与应用,2000,25(1):30~37
    [83] 吴庆,陈惠芳,潘鼎等,碳纤维的表面处理,化工新型材料,2000,28(3):11~14
    [84] 霍彩红,何为,范中晓等,碳纤维表面金属化工艺研究,表面技术,2003,32(6):40~42
    [85] 胡传炘,隐身涂层技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2004

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700