大幅面激光振镜切割软件的研究与开发
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摘要
激光切割技术是激光加工行业中最重要的应用技术之一,也是激光加工中应用最早、使用最多的加工方法。与其他切割加工方法相比,其具有高速、高精度和高适应性的特点,已广泛应用于制造业及科学研究等诸多领域,并具有巨大的市场前景。本文针对激光切割加工中的数控编程方法及其应用问题,对大幅面激光振镜切割相关理论和关键技术进行了系统研究与实践。
针对激光切割加工中工作台及振镜系统的特点,本文研究了大幅面工件激光切割机的整体结构,同时针对大幅面Gerber文件中的加工信息的特点,研究了加工信息的结构和处理步骤,既增加了加工的范围同时又保证了激光快速、高精加工的特点。
在对激光切割软件需求和功能模块分析的基础上,研究了基于振镜的激光切割软件的体系结构。对加工轨迹的分割技术进行研究,提出了栅格的设计方法,实现了加工轨迹的快速分割,同时采用线段离散方法改善了振镜加工时的畸变。
针对实体边缘轮廓的提取,本文提出了基于有序边缘点处理的两阶段边缘轮廓精确提取方法,通过确定边缘点与实体的关系获取图形的有序边缘初始轮廓,然后对初始轮廓进行求交得到精确轮廓,从而得到激光加工运动轨迹。为解决激光切割加工抬刀过多的问题,本文对运动轨迹优化进行研究,提出了一种次优搜索方法,由基准点开始搜索运动轨迹链表中的最近端点,同时考虑此端点加工次数及轮廓位置关系,实现了运动轨迹优化及相关工艺要求,提高了激光切割效率。
基于以上研究成果,开发了一个激光切割机大幅面振镜切割软件原形系统,验证了相应研究内容,同时在实际中得到了很好的应用。
The laser cutting technique plays an important role in laser cutting industry, which is the earliest and widely used. Comparing with other cutting ways, the laser cutting method has higher accuracy and speed features which make it widely used in the manufacturing industry and research, and has the extensive development prospect. To promote NC programming theory and its applications, several key technologies for laser cutting are systematically studied and implemented in this thesis.
According to the features of workbench and galvanometer in the Laser cutting machining, the paper discusses the integrated structure of laser machine for the large area. And with the features of large area Gerber file, the structure and the processing steps of the information have also been discussed. The proposed method not only enlarges the processing area, but also insures the high speed and accuracy in the cutting processes.
Based on the analysis of software demand and the function module of laser cutting, the architecture of the software for laser cutting using galvanometer is studied. A design method of grid is presented by studying the technique of toolpath cutting. The proposed method improves the dividing efficiency. A method of discreting lines is also implemented to reduce the distortion of galvanometer.
For the extraction of the object boundary profile, a novel two-stage extracting method of boundary edge based on sequence points is proposed. The initial outlines are firstly obtained by the relationship of object and its sequence points. And then precise profile which is the toolpath of laser cutting is achieved through the intersection of the initial edge. To reduce retract motion, a suboptimal search algorithm is proposed to complete toolpath optimization. In the method, the nearest end point from base one is searched in the toolpath list in company with considering the cutting times and the relationship of boundary edges by connecting the two points. The optimized toolpath improves the laser cutting efficiency.
At last, on the basis of above mentioned research work and achievements, a laser cutting NC automatic programming prototype system is developed, the experimental NC machining results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods.
针对激光切割加工中工作台及振镜系统的特点,本文研究了大幅面工件激光切割机的整体结构,同时针对大幅面Gerber文件中的加工信息的特点,研究了加工信息的结构和处理步骤,既增加了加工的范围同时又保证了激光快速、高精加工的特点。
在对激光切割软件需求和功能模块分析的基础上,研究了基于振镜的激光切割软件的体系结构。对加工轨迹的分割技术进行研究,提出了栅格的设计方法,实现了加工轨迹的快速分割,同时采用线段离散方法改善了振镜加工时的畸变。
针对实体边缘轮廓的提取,本文提出了基于有序边缘点处理的两阶段边缘轮廓精确提取方法,通过确定边缘点与实体的关系获取图形的有序边缘初始轮廓,然后对初始轮廓进行求交得到精确轮廓,从而得到激光加工运动轨迹。为解决激光切割加工抬刀过多的问题,本文对运动轨迹优化进行研究,提出了一种次优搜索方法,由基准点开始搜索运动轨迹链表中的最近端点,同时考虑此端点加工次数及轮廓位置关系,实现了运动轨迹优化及相关工艺要求,提高了激光切割效率。
基于以上研究成果,开发了一个激光切割机大幅面振镜切割软件原形系统,验证了相应研究内容,同时在实际中得到了很好的应用。
The laser cutting technique plays an important role in laser cutting industry, which is the earliest and widely used. Comparing with other cutting ways, the laser cutting method has higher accuracy and speed features which make it widely used in the manufacturing industry and research, and has the extensive development prospect. To promote NC programming theory and its applications, several key technologies for laser cutting are systematically studied and implemented in this thesis.
According to the features of workbench and galvanometer in the Laser cutting machining, the paper discusses the integrated structure of laser machine for the large area. And with the features of large area Gerber file, the structure and the processing steps of the information have also been discussed. The proposed method not only enlarges the processing area, but also insures the high speed and accuracy in the cutting processes.
Based on the analysis of software demand and the function module of laser cutting, the architecture of the software for laser cutting using galvanometer is studied. A design method of grid is presented by studying the technique of toolpath cutting. The proposed method improves the dividing efficiency. A method of discreting lines is also implemented to reduce the distortion of galvanometer.
For the extraction of the object boundary profile, a novel two-stage extracting method of boundary edge based on sequence points is proposed. The initial outlines are firstly obtained by the relationship of object and its sequence points. And then precise profile which is the toolpath of laser cutting is achieved through the intersection of the initial edge. To reduce retract motion, a suboptimal search algorithm is proposed to complete toolpath optimization. In the method, the nearest end point from base one is searched in the toolpath list in company with considering the cutting times and the relationship of boundary edges by connecting the two points. The optimized toolpath improves the laser cutting efficiency.
At last, on the basis of above mentioned research work and achievements, a laser cutting NC automatic programming prototype system is developed, the experimental NC machining results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods.
引文
[1]江海河.激光加工技术应用的发展及展望.光电子技术与信息, 2001, 14(4): 1~12
[2]徐庆仁.激光加工技术的地位、现状与发展趋势.航空制造工程, 1996, 9: 22~24
[3]徐庆仁.激光技术的发展与应用.国际航空, 1998, 3: 59~60
[4]陈传梁.大功率CO2激光切割技术的发展.第五届全国电加工学术年会论文集, 1986
[5]张韶辉.激光切割工艺技术研究[硕士学位论文].西安:西安理工大学, 2005
[6] Bolforte DA. The Turnaround Begins (Economic review and forecast) Global report of Industrial Lasers. Industrial Laser Solution, 2003, 18: 7~13
[7] Matsuno K. Development of High Power All-solid-State Lasers in Japanese MITI Project. Proceedings of SPIE, 2000, 38: 172~181
[8]翁世平,东继光. 2001年中国机械工程学会年会暨第九届全国特种加工学术年会论文集, 2001
[9] Zeng XY. Industrial Lasers in China. Industrial Laser Solutions, 2003, 18: 14~17
[10] Kincaid K. Stephen Ganderson. Review and forecast of the laser Markets-part1: Nondiode Lasers. Laser Focus World, 2003, 10: 1~15
[11]胡惠芬.数控激光切割机的发展现状和应用前景.造船技术, 1997, 3: 73~91
[12]吴宏,蒋仕龙,龚小云等.数控激光切割机的发展现状和应用前景.制造技术与机床, 2004, 1: 24~26
[13]周文聘.激光切割机控制系统软件的研究与开发[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2006
[14]邓树森.激光制造技术与激光加工.激光集锦, 2003, 13(4): 16~20
[15]赵鹏.激光扫描控制系统与软件的研究[硕士学位论文].石家庄:河北工业大学, 2005
[16]彭雪峰.二维振镜式扫描系统及其在SLS中的应用[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2005
[17]叶乔.高速振镜理论研究及实践[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2004
[18]霍彩红.挠性多层线路板孔金属化技术研究[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学, 2005
[19]吴建华.聚酰亚胺柔性印刷线路板(FPC)研究进展.第五届全国覆铜板技术论文集, 2004
[20] Gerber RS-274X Format Users’Guide
[21] Preiss BR. Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C++. JOHN WILEY, 2003, 7. 318~352
[22]陈新松,陈俐.激光数控加工的实现及其关键技术. 2005年中国机械工程学会年会论文集, 2005
[23]张海藩.软件工程导论.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 81~89
[24] Foley JD, Dam AV. Introduction to computer graphics. PEARSON EDUCATION PRESS, 2003. 57~103
[25]陈建春.矢量图形系统开发与编程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004. 172~197
[26]于殿泓,李琳,卢秉恒.快速成型中激光扫描枕形误差的研究.中国兵工学会2004年光学与光电子学学术研讨会论文摘要集, 2004
[27]贾和平,史玉升,谢军.振镜激光扫描误差分析及几何校正算法.光电工程, 2007, 8: 17~21
[28]廖效果,刘又午,朱建英.数控技术.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社2004. 117~139
[29] Kruglinski DJ, Wingo S, George Shepherd. Programming Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0. The MIT Press, 2002. 69~78
[30] Kincaid D, Cheney W. Numerical Analysis Mathematics of Scientific Computing(Third Edition). THOMSON PRESS, 2003. 132~156
[31]高鹏,安涛,寇怀成.电路设计与制版——Protel 99入门与提高.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002. 319~338
[32]王晓东.算法设计与分析.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 110~114
[33] Willan Ford,Willian Topp. Data Structures with C++. Prentice Hall Inc, Adivision Simon & Schuster Company. 1996. 301~321
[34] Cormen TH, Leiserson CE, Rivest RL. Introduction to Algorithms. The MIT Press, 2003, 125~134
[35]陈天广.复杂图形路径优化的二维激光切割系统的研制[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学, 2003
[36]傅清祥,王晓东.算法与数据结构.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004, 3. 263~311
[37]黄涛.激光切割数控系统的研究[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2004
[38]孙雄勇. Visual C++6.0入门与提高实用教程.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2003. 254~265
[39] Sartaj Sahni. Data Structure, Algorithms, and Application in C++. The McGraw Hill Company Inc. 1998. 163~225
[40] Baase S, Gelder AV. Computer Algorithms: Introduction to Design and Analysis. The MIT Press, 2001. 231~257
[2]徐庆仁.激光加工技术的地位、现状与发展趋势.航空制造工程, 1996, 9: 22~24
[3]徐庆仁.激光技术的发展与应用.国际航空, 1998, 3: 59~60
[4]陈传梁.大功率CO2激光切割技术的发展.第五届全国电加工学术年会论文集, 1986
[5]张韶辉.激光切割工艺技术研究[硕士学位论文].西安:西安理工大学, 2005
[6] Bolforte DA. The Turnaround Begins (Economic review and forecast) Global report of Industrial Lasers. Industrial Laser Solution, 2003, 18: 7~13
[7] Matsuno K. Development of High Power All-solid-State Lasers in Japanese MITI Project. Proceedings of SPIE, 2000, 38: 172~181
[8]翁世平,东继光. 2001年中国机械工程学会年会暨第九届全国特种加工学术年会论文集, 2001
[9] Zeng XY. Industrial Lasers in China. Industrial Laser Solutions, 2003, 18: 14~17
[10] Kincaid K. Stephen Ganderson. Review and forecast of the laser Markets-part1: Nondiode Lasers. Laser Focus World, 2003, 10: 1~15
[11]胡惠芬.数控激光切割机的发展现状和应用前景.造船技术, 1997, 3: 73~91
[12]吴宏,蒋仕龙,龚小云等.数控激光切割机的发展现状和应用前景.制造技术与机床, 2004, 1: 24~26
[13]周文聘.激光切割机控制系统软件的研究与开发[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2006
[14]邓树森.激光制造技术与激光加工.激光集锦, 2003, 13(4): 16~20
[15]赵鹏.激光扫描控制系统与软件的研究[硕士学位论文].石家庄:河北工业大学, 2005
[16]彭雪峰.二维振镜式扫描系统及其在SLS中的应用[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2005
[17]叶乔.高速振镜理论研究及实践[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2004
[18]霍彩红.挠性多层线路板孔金属化技术研究[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学, 2005
[19]吴建华.聚酰亚胺柔性印刷线路板(FPC)研究进展.第五届全国覆铜板技术论文集, 2004
[20] Gerber RS-274X Format Users’Guide
[21] Preiss BR. Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C++. JOHN WILEY, 2003, 7. 318~352
[22]陈新松,陈俐.激光数控加工的实现及其关键技术. 2005年中国机械工程学会年会论文集, 2005
[23]张海藩.软件工程导论.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 81~89
[24] Foley JD, Dam AV. Introduction to computer graphics. PEARSON EDUCATION PRESS, 2003. 57~103
[25]陈建春.矢量图形系统开发与编程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004. 172~197
[26]于殿泓,李琳,卢秉恒.快速成型中激光扫描枕形误差的研究.中国兵工学会2004年光学与光电子学学术研讨会论文摘要集, 2004
[27]贾和平,史玉升,谢军.振镜激光扫描误差分析及几何校正算法.光电工程, 2007, 8: 17~21
[28]廖效果,刘又午,朱建英.数控技术.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社2004. 117~139
[29] Kruglinski DJ, Wingo S, George Shepherd. Programming Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0. The MIT Press, 2002. 69~78
[30] Kincaid D, Cheney W. Numerical Analysis Mathematics of Scientific Computing(Third Edition). THOMSON PRESS, 2003. 132~156
[31]高鹏,安涛,寇怀成.电路设计与制版——Protel 99入门与提高.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002. 319~338
[32]王晓东.算法设计与分析.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 110~114
[33] Willan Ford,Willian Topp. Data Structures with C++. Prentice Hall Inc, Adivision Simon & Schuster Company. 1996. 301~321
[34] Cormen TH, Leiserson CE, Rivest RL. Introduction to Algorithms. The MIT Press, 2003, 125~134
[35]陈天广.复杂图形路径优化的二维激光切割系统的研制[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学, 2003
[36]傅清祥,王晓东.算法与数据结构.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004, 3. 263~311
[37]黄涛.激光切割数控系统的研究[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2004
[38]孙雄勇. Visual C++6.0入门与提高实用教程.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2003. 254~265
[39] Sartaj Sahni. Data Structure, Algorithms, and Application in C++. The McGraw Hill Company Inc. 1998. 163~225
[40] Baase S, Gelder AV. Computer Algorithms: Introduction to Design and Analysis. The MIT Press, 2001. 231~257