女子链球项目生物力学研究
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摘要
我国的女子链球项目成绩在世界前列,国家体育总局田径运动管理中心将女子链球列为2008年奥运会夺牌项目之一,05、06连续两年国家体育总局立项“2008年奥运会女子链球项目科研攻关”课题。对于女子链球项目的研究,在前人的基础上重视与训练结合,与运动员、教练员结合,主要集中在以下几个方面:1、分析和掌握世界优秀技术与我国技术的差异与差距;2、通过多种研究方法更为全面和深入地揭示掷链球技术的运动规律及原理;3、针对我国重点运动员进行长期技术跟踪;4、将训练、技术和机能监控相结合,对运动员进行综合分析,从而全面、准确的评价运动员的状态,把握三者之间的规律,为赛前调控进行指导。
研究目的:建立并且完善链球三维技术分析系统;利用分析系统对我国优秀运动员进行详细技术分析;分析世界优秀链球运动员的技术特点,把握世界优势掷链球技术的发展方向;根据数字链球和三维拍摄建立动力学、运动学同步分析平台:建立综合分析系统,将训练、技术分析和机能监控相结合,使得教练员能够更方便、快捷综合分析和总结各个训练阶段的训练计划、训练完成情况、阶段技术表现、阶段机能情况等,为科学训练和更好的与科研相结合提供平台。
研究方法:在多次国家队集训及国内田径锦标赛中采用二维、三维摄像及解析,利用数字链球进行动力学测试,自行编写分析系统。
结论与建议:
1.本论文建立了链球三维技术分析系统,将链球三维数据处理、参数分析和数据分析系统化和计算机化。
2.利用分析系统,对比分析和监控技术,将张文秀、顾原的链球技术变化及时反馈给教练员,为运动员的成绩提高起到一定的作用。
3.根据数字链球所提供的动力学数据,与三维运动学数据相结合,建立运动学、动力学以及动作技术图像同步的分析平台。
4.将训练、技术分析和机能监控相结合,建立链球综合分析系统,使得教练员能够综合分析各个训练阶段的训练计划、训练完成情况、阶段技术表现、阶段机能情况等,为科学训练和更好的与科研相结合提供平台。
China woman hammer is in front of world row,The Athletic Sports Administrative Center list it as one of the s for medal in 2008 Olympic Games,The Center continuously sign the "Key Scientific and Technological Services for China Women Hammer of the 2008 Olympic Games" for two years from 2005 to 2006.For the research of woman hammer,fore the person's foundation the top value and training combine,combine with athlete,coach member,main concentrate at following a few aspects:1, analysis and control excellent technique in the world and the our country technical difference and margin;2,pass various research methods more overall with thoroughly announce to public to toss the hammer technical sport regulation and principle;3,aim at an our country point athlete to carry on a long-term technique to follow;4,Combine the train, technique and function supervision together and carry on to the athletes comprehensive analysis,thus overall,the appearance of accurate evaluation,hold the regulation,to provide instructions before matches.
Study a purpose:Build up and the perfect hammer is 3D technique analysis system;Make use of analysis system to carry on a detailed technique analysis to the our country excellent athlete;Analytical world excellent hammer the technique characteristics of the athlete,advantage in the confidence world tosses the hammer technical development direction; According to numerical hammer with 3D take the establishment dynamics, kinetics to synchronously analyze terrace;Build up comprehensive analysis system,combine together train,technique analysis and function supervision,make coach member more convenient and fast comprehensive analysis and tally up each one to train the training program of stage, train completion circumstance,stage technique performance,stage function circumstance etc.,is science train with better combine together with research to provide terrace.
Study a method:Adoption in the for many times national brigade concentration training and the local farmland path the championship two dimensions,3D shoot to be like and analyze,make use of numerical hammer to enter activity mechanics to test,write analysis system by oneself.
Conclusion and suggestion:
1.This thesis built up hammer a 3D technique analysis system and systematized the hammer 3D data processing,parameter analysis and data analysis and calculator to turn.
2.Make use of analysis system,contrast analysis and supervise and control a technique,show,attend to Zhang Wen2 original hammer technique variety the feedback has for the result exaltation of athlete to the coach member in time certain function.
3.Combine together with 3D kinetics data according to the dynamics data provide by numerical hammer,the establishment kinetics,dynamics and the action technique picture synchronous of analytical terrace.
4.Will train,the technique analysis and function supervision combine together and build up hammer comprehensive analysis system,can make the coach member synthesize to analyze the training program that each one trains a stage,train completion circumstance,stage technique performance,stage function circumstance etc.,is science train with better combine together with research to provide terrace.
研究目的:建立并且完善链球三维技术分析系统;利用分析系统对我国优秀运动员进行详细技术分析;分析世界优秀链球运动员的技术特点,把握世界优势掷链球技术的发展方向;根据数字链球和三维拍摄建立动力学、运动学同步分析平台:建立综合分析系统,将训练、技术分析和机能监控相结合,使得教练员能够更方便、快捷综合分析和总结各个训练阶段的训练计划、训练完成情况、阶段技术表现、阶段机能情况等,为科学训练和更好的与科研相结合提供平台。
研究方法:在多次国家队集训及国内田径锦标赛中采用二维、三维摄像及解析,利用数字链球进行动力学测试,自行编写分析系统。
结论与建议:
1.本论文建立了链球三维技术分析系统,将链球三维数据处理、参数分析和数据分析系统化和计算机化。
2.利用分析系统,对比分析和监控技术,将张文秀、顾原的链球技术变化及时反馈给教练员,为运动员的成绩提高起到一定的作用。
3.根据数字链球所提供的动力学数据,与三维运动学数据相结合,建立运动学、动力学以及动作技术图像同步的分析平台。
4.将训练、技术分析和机能监控相结合,建立链球综合分析系统,使得教练员能够综合分析各个训练阶段的训练计划、训练完成情况、阶段技术表现、阶段机能情况等,为科学训练和更好的与科研相结合提供平台。
China woman hammer is in front of world row,The Athletic Sports Administrative Center list it as one of the s for medal in 2008 Olympic Games,The Center continuously sign the "Key Scientific and Technological Services for China Women Hammer of the 2008 Olympic Games" for two years from 2005 to 2006.For the research of woman hammer,fore the person's foundation the top value and training combine,combine with athlete,coach member,main concentrate at following a few aspects:1, analysis and control excellent technique in the world and the our country technical difference and margin;2,pass various research methods more overall with thoroughly announce to public to toss the hammer technical sport regulation and principle;3,aim at an our country point athlete to carry on a long-term technique to follow;4,Combine the train, technique and function supervision together and carry on to the athletes comprehensive analysis,thus overall,the appearance of accurate evaluation,hold the regulation,to provide instructions before matches.
Study a purpose:Build up and the perfect hammer is 3D technique analysis system;Make use of analysis system to carry on a detailed technique analysis to the our country excellent athlete;Analytical world excellent hammer the technique characteristics of the athlete,advantage in the confidence world tosses the hammer technical development direction; According to numerical hammer with 3D take the establishment dynamics, kinetics to synchronously analyze terrace;Build up comprehensive analysis system,combine together train,technique analysis and function supervision,make coach member more convenient and fast comprehensive analysis and tally up each one to train the training program of stage, train completion circumstance,stage technique performance,stage function circumstance etc.,is science train with better combine together with research to provide terrace.
Study a method:Adoption in the for many times national brigade concentration training and the local farmland path the championship two dimensions,3D shoot to be like and analyze,make use of numerical hammer to enter activity mechanics to test,write analysis system by oneself.
Conclusion and suggestion:
1.This thesis built up hammer a 3D technique analysis system and systematized the hammer 3D data processing,parameter analysis and data analysis and calculator to turn.
2.Make use of analysis system,contrast analysis and supervise and control a technique,show,attend to Zhang Wen2 original hammer technique variety the feedback has for the result exaltation of athlete to the coach member in time certain function.
3.Combine together with 3D kinetics data according to the dynamics data provide by numerical hammer,the establishment kinetics,dynamics and the action technique picture synchronous of analytical terrace.
4.Will train,the technique analysis and function supervision combine together and build up hammer comprehensive analysis system,can make the coach member synthesize to analyze the training program that each one trains a stage,train completion circumstance,stage technique performance,stage function circumstance etc.,is science train with better combine together with research to provide terrace.
引文
1.吴延禧.链球投掷技术的生物力学研究.国家体委体育科学研究论文选集,1994
2.罗曼诺夫.弗拉勃列夫斯基.女子链球运动的一些技术与运动学特征.体育科技信息,1999(5)
3.车晓波.我国优秀男子链球运动员投掷技术的运动学特征.上海体育学院学报,1999(1)
4.长尔文.莫里斯、罗哲尔.巴特立特.链球投掷的生物力学分析.体育科学研究,1996(1)
5.拉尔夫.掷链球的生物力学分析.体育科技信息,1998(2)
6.谭建共、王新卉.当今链球技术发展新特点.田径科技信息.1995(5)
7.卡尔文.莫里斯.掷链球的生物力学分析.田径科技信息,1993(2)
8.拉尔夫.M.奥托.尤里.谢迪赫链球世界记录成绩的运动学分析.山东体育科技,1993(3)
9.(美)《教练评述》.提高链球出手速度.国外体育科学,1997(1)
10.女子链球投掷技术的运动学特征.田径科技信息,1997(3)
11.Agachi,T,Bakarinov,Y,Barclay,L.et a1.(1997)[Hammer throw.evolution and per-spectives.]Legaya Atletika 1,12-14.
12.NSA Round Table 34-hammer throwNew Studies in Athletics 2/3,13-27
13.Bartonietz,K.(1985)Dietnte der Schmiedehammer als Vobild Der Leichtathlet 8,7-9.
14.Bartonietz,K.(1994b)Hammemurf der Frauen-quo vadis? Lehre der Leicht-athletik 33(3) 15-16.33-34.(4) 18.
15.Bartonietz.K.(1994x:) XVerfertag thdle 14.5 1994:(Jbersichtiiber Stfitzzeiten.O1.～ml,ic Training Cen-tre of Rhinelantl-Palatnate.Mainz(unpublished research result).
16.Bartonietz,K.& Borgstrtim,A.(1995) The throwing events at the World Championships in Athletics 1995,G～teborg-Technique of the world's best athletes.Part 1:shot put and hammer throw.Neu,Studies in Athletics 4,43-63.
17.Bartonietz.K.,Schotte,K.H.& Stache,HJ.(1986} Technikleitbild Hammeru'uor- Forschungsinstitul for K6rperkuhur und Sport,Leipzig.Bartonietz,K.,Barclay,L & Gathereole,D.(1997)
18.Charaeteristies of top performances in the women's hammer throw:basics and technique of the world's best athletes.New Studies in Athletics 2/3,101-109.
19.The pattern of hammer speed during a hammer throw and influence of gravity on its fluctuations.Journal of Biomechanics 17(8),553-559.
20.Dapena.J.(1990) Some biomechanical aspects of hannner throwing.Track Technique 111,3535-3539;113,3620.
21.Dapena,J.& Feher,M.E.(1989) Influence of the direction of the cable force and of the radius of the hammer path on speed fluctuations during hammerthrowing.Journal of Biomechanics 6/7,565-575.
22.Dapena,J.& McDonald,G.r 1989) A three-dimensional analysis of angular momentum in the hammer throw.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21(2),206-220.
23.Gathercole,D.(1996) Biomechanical analysis of the hammer throw,Optus Grand Prix,Hobart,25 February,96.Australian Institute of Sport.
24.Belcon-nen/ACT (unpublished research result).Cutirrrez,D.M.& Solo Hennoso.V.M.(1995) Angdisis biomechfinico del lanzamiento de martillo.In:Andisis biomecdnico de los lanzamientos en-letismo,lnvestigaciones en ciencias del &pone,number I,(ec[Ministerio de Education y Ciencia),pp.3-45.
25.Hildebrand,F.(1982) Eit,e Analyse der Technik des HammerweoCens.Forschungs-institut ftir Ktirper-kuhur und Sport,Leipzig.Hildebrand.F.& Bartonietz,K.(1995)
26.I_osch,M.(1990) Trainingsableitungen aus bio-mechanischen Untersuchungen im Ham merwurf,ln:Techniquein Athletics The lqrst International con-ference,cologne 7-9 June (eds G.-P.BrⅡggemann &J.K.RⅡhl) Vol.2,pp.532-541.
27.Sport und Buch Strauss,Cologne.Morriss,C.& Ba,dett,R.(1992) Biomechanical analysis of the hammer throw..4 thletics Coach 26 (3),11-17.
28.Muybridge,E.(1955) The Human Figure in Motion (introduction by Robert Taft).Dover,New York.Otto,R.(1990a) Kinematic analysis of theworld record in the hammer throwJuri Sedyeh throws 86.74m.In:Technique in Athletics.The First In-ternational Conference,Cologne,7-9 June 1990 (eds G.-P.Brtiggemann & J.K.Rtihl) Voi.2,pp.523-531.
29.Sport und Buch Strauss,Cologne.Otto,R.(1990b) Biomechanical analysis of the hammer throw-Athens 1986 and Rome 1987.In:Technique in Athletics.The First International Conference,Cologne,7-9 June 1990 (eds G.-P.Brtiggemann & J.K.Ruhl) Vol.2,pp.561-570.
30.Sport und Buch Strauss,Cologne.Otto,R.(1992) NSA photosequences 22-Hammer throw,commentary.New Studies in Athletics 3,51-65.
31.Pataki.L.& Slamka,M.(1979) Struktura vykonu v hode kladivom zhladiska pohybo:'yeh schopnosti Teor.Praxe tel.Vych.27 (4),208-214.Pozzo,R.(1987)Biomechanisehe Mittel fur Tech-niktraining und-diagnostik im Hammerwerfen Leistungssport 3,35-41.
32.Poozzo,R.(1990) Ground reaction forces,and hammer kinematiesin the preliminary winds and in the 1st and 2nd turns during hammer throwing.In: Technique in Ath- letics.The First Inter- nationd Conference,Cologne,7-9June,1990(eds G.-P.Brilggemann & J.K.Rtihl ) Vol.2,pp.552-560.
33.Sport und Buch Strauss,Cologne.Romanov,I.& Vrublevsky,J.(1998)Women and the hammer—some technical and kinematic chara- cteristics.3Iodern Athlete,tnd Coach 4,35-37.
34.Samosvetov,.L(1967) Zamenit normalnogo molotcL[Change the normal hammer.]LegkajaA tletika 5,16-33.
2.罗曼诺夫.弗拉勃列夫斯基.女子链球运动的一些技术与运动学特征.体育科技信息,1999(5)
3.车晓波.我国优秀男子链球运动员投掷技术的运动学特征.上海体育学院学报,1999(1)
4.长尔文.莫里斯、罗哲尔.巴特立特.链球投掷的生物力学分析.体育科学研究,1996(1)
5.拉尔夫.掷链球的生物力学分析.体育科技信息,1998(2)
6.谭建共、王新卉.当今链球技术发展新特点.田径科技信息.1995(5)
7.卡尔文.莫里斯.掷链球的生物力学分析.田径科技信息,1993(2)
8.拉尔夫.M.奥托.尤里.谢迪赫链球世界记录成绩的运动学分析.山东体育科技,1993(3)
9.(美)《教练评述》.提高链球出手速度.国外体育科学,1997(1)
10.女子链球投掷技术的运动学特征.田径科技信息,1997(3)
11.Agachi,T,Bakarinov,Y,Barclay,L.et a1.(1997)[Hammer throw.evolution and per-spectives.]Legaya Atletika 1,12-14.
12.NSA Round Table 34-hammer throwNew Studies in Athletics 2/3,13-27
13.Bartonietz,K.(1985)Dietnte der Schmiedehammer als Vobild Der Leichtathlet 8,7-9.
14.Bartonietz,K.(1994b)Hammemurf der Frauen-quo vadis? Lehre der Leicht-athletik 33(3) 15-16.33-34.(4) 18.
15.Bartonietz.K.(1994x:) XVerfertag thdle 14.5 1994:(Jbersichtiiber Stfitzzeiten.O1.～ml,ic Training Cen-tre of Rhinelantl-Palatnate.Mainz(unpublished research result).
16.Bartonietz,K.& Borgstrtim,A.(1995) The throwing events at the World Championships in Athletics 1995,G～teborg-Technique of the world's best athletes.Part 1:shot put and hammer throw.Neu,Studies in Athletics 4,43-63.
17.Bartonietz.K.,Schotte,K.H.& Stache,HJ.(1986} Technikleitbild Hammeru'uor- Forschungsinstitul for K6rperkuhur und Sport,Leipzig.Bartonietz,K.,Barclay,L & Gathereole,D.(1997)
18.Charaeteristies of top performances in the women's hammer throw:basics and technique of the world's best athletes.New Studies in Athletics 2/3,101-109.
19.The pattern of hammer speed during a hammer throw and influence of gravity on its fluctuations.Journal of Biomechanics 17(8),553-559.
20.Dapena.J.(1990) Some biomechanical aspects of hannner throwing.Track Technique 111,3535-3539;113,3620.
21.Dapena,J.& Feher,M.E.(1989) Influence of the direction of the cable force and of the radius of the hammer path on speed fluctuations during hammerthrowing.Journal of Biomechanics 6/7,565-575.
22.Dapena,J.& McDonald,G.r 1989) A three-dimensional analysis of angular momentum in the hammer throw.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21(2),206-220.
23.Gathercole,D.(1996) Biomechanical analysis of the hammer throw,Optus Grand Prix,Hobart,25 February,96.Australian Institute of Sport.
24.Belcon-nen/ACT (unpublished research result).Cutirrrez,D.M.& Solo Hennoso.V.M.(1995) Angdisis biomechfinico del lanzamiento de martillo.In:Andisis biomecdnico de los lanzamientos en-letismo,lnvestigaciones en ciencias del &pone,number I,(ec[Ministerio de Education y Ciencia),pp.3-45.
25.Hildebrand,F.(1982) Eit,e Analyse der Technik des HammerweoCens.Forschungs-institut ftir Ktirper-kuhur und Sport,Leipzig.Hildebrand.F.& Bartonietz,K.(1995)
26.I_osch,M.(1990) Trainingsableitungen aus bio-mechanischen Untersuchungen im Ham merwurf,ln:Techniquein Athletics The lqrst International con-ference,cologne 7-9 June (eds G.-P.BrⅡggemann &J.K.RⅡhl) Vol.2,pp.532-541.
27.Sport und Buch Strauss,Cologne.Morriss,C.& Ba,dett,R.(1992) Biomechanical analysis of the hammer throw..4 thletics Coach 26 (3),11-17.
28.Muybridge,E.(1955) The Human Figure in Motion (introduction by Robert Taft).Dover,New York.Otto,R.(1990a) Kinematic analysis of theworld record in the hammer throwJuri Sedyeh throws 86.74m.In:Technique in Athletics.The First In-ternational Conference,Cologne,7-9 June 1990 (eds G.-P.Brtiggemann & J.K.Rtihl) Voi.2,pp.523-531.
29.Sport und Buch Strauss,Cologne.Otto,R.(1990b) Biomechanical analysis of the hammer throw-Athens 1986 and Rome 1987.In:Technique in Athletics.The First International Conference,Cologne,7-9 June 1990 (eds G.-P.Brtiggemann & J.K.Ruhl) Vol.2,pp.561-570.
30.Sport und Buch Strauss,Cologne.Otto,R.(1992) NSA photosequences 22-Hammer throw,commentary.New Studies in Athletics 3,51-65.
31.Pataki.L.& Slamka,M.(1979) Struktura vykonu v hode kladivom zhladiska pohybo:'yeh schopnosti Teor.Praxe tel.Vych.27 (4),208-214.Pozzo,R.(1987)Biomechanisehe Mittel fur Tech-niktraining und-diagnostik im Hammerwerfen Leistungssport 3,35-41.
32.Poozzo,R.(1990) Ground reaction forces,and hammer kinematiesin the preliminary winds and in the 1st and 2nd turns during hammer throwing.In: Technique in Ath- letics.The First Inter- nationd Conference,Cologne,7-9June,1990(eds G.-P.Brilggemann & J.K.Rtihl ) Vol.2,pp.552-560.
33.Sport und Buch Strauss,Cologne.Romanov,I.& Vrublevsky,J.(1998)Women and the hammer—some technical and kinematic chara- cteristics.3Iodern Athlete,tnd Coach 4,35-37.
34.Samosvetov,.L(1967) Zamenit normalnogo molotcL[Change the normal hammer.]LegkajaA tletika 5,16-33.