我国优秀男子跳高技术运动学诊断系统的初步建立
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摘要
跳高项目曾经是我国的优势项目,20世纪70年代和80年代是跳高发展的高峰,许多优秀跳高运动员在田径史上留下了光辉的一页,倪志钦打破2.28米的当时男子世界纪录,朱建华随后三次打破世界纪录,到目前为止,2.39米这一高度仍为亚洲纪录和全国纪录。但随着老一批运动员的退役,中国跳高在世界跳高赛场上逐渐暗淡下去,跳高水平也出现了一定程度的下滑。如何使我国跳高运动走出低谷,赶上世界水平,如何使跳高训练走向科学化,这已经是科研人员和教练员一直思考的问题。
本人查阅关于跳高方面的书籍和学术期刊网得知,跳高技术的研究大多数是技术环节的运动学分析,整体上将各环节运动作为一个运动体系的研究比较少,但是不同技术环节存在着密切的联系。因此从整体考虑运动员的技术动作,以运动成绩为因变量,各个环节的运动学技术指标为自变量,把计算机技术应用到技术分析和运动训练管理中,建立一个跳高技术诊断系统是非常有必要性的。
本研究开发的跳高技术诊断系统是以跳高技术运动学数据库为基础,生物学数据和动力学数据采集设备多数属于接触测量,由于优秀运动员非接触性和比赛的限制,因此系统的建立主要是从运动学角度出发,采用系统性和发展性原则,奔着系统指标全面和系统的实用性强,力求达到快速,准确,稳定反馈这一目的。通过Visual C++6.0软件编程建立我国优秀男子跳高技术诊断系统,它不仅可以为教练员提供简明的量化指标,而且可以清晰的看到运动员的优势指标和劣势指标,在智能决策中快速反馈训练建议,使教练及时发现训练中存在的问题,有的放矢的去安排训练计划;运动员可以看到清晰的图像,直接形成一种自身与优秀运动员的对比认知,为自己技术的改善奠定基础。
本文应用文献资料法,初步了解跳高技术的研究现状与动态,并在跳高技术理论研究的重要成果基础上,拟定了71项文献中出现的指标为原始指标;采用特尔菲法对原始指标进行初步筛选,三轮问卷后剩余指标为51项,通过立体定机摄像测量法从三维角度拍摄我国优秀男子跳高运动员技术,并用Ariel影像解析软件进行图像解析;运用聚类分析法和因子分析法对51项指标的解析数据进行统计学分析,最后形成18项评价指标;采用系统程序设计法,以评价为基础建立跳高技术诊断系统,最后得出以下结论:
1.我国优秀男子跳高技术评价体系是由评价指标体系、指标权重和评价标准组成。评价指标体系主要分三个层次,助跑阶段、起跳阶段和过杆阶段的速度类指标、姿态类指标和节奏类指标,三个层次的排序为:起跳阶段>助跑阶段>过杆阶段。根据专家调查法和因子分析法得到指标的权重,通过离差法建立评价标准,包括单项指标评价标准和综合评价标准。
2.跳高技术运动学诊断系统是一个闭环控制系统,主要结构由我国优秀男子跳高技术运动学评价体系、诊断结果和综合决策、诊断意见反馈三部分构成。
3.我国优秀男子跳高技术运动学诊断系统软件,可以通过输入运动员的基本信息和测试数据自动实现跳高技术的分析与诊断,主要包括基本信息、数据录入、数据对比分析、数据评价、数据输出、数据查询和智能决策。
Once the high jump was the advantages of our projects,the 20th century,70s and 80s are the peak of development in the high jump,the elite high jump athletes in track and field history had glorious pages.Ni zhi qin broke the men's world record-2.28meter,and later Zhu jian hua had three times to break the world record,up to now,the 2.39meter is still the Asia and the national record.However,with the old group of athletes retired,China's high jump gradually dimmed in the world arena.At the same time the high jump level also had a certain degree of decline.How to make the high jump event out of the bottom to catch up with the world level,and how to make the high jump to the scientific training,have been the questions to consider for the scientific researcher and coaches.
Looking up the books and periodical net of the high jump,the author finded that the most researches of the high jump were kinematics analysis of the tache technique from the whole,and considering every tache as a sport system to study was the comparatively small, but different technical tache was a relatively close contact.So it is necessary to consider the technical movements of athletes from the whole,exercise score as the dependent variable,the kinematics technique indicators of every tache as variables,put computer technology applied to technical analysis and sports training,and set up a technical diagnostic system.
China outstanding men's high jump technique diagnostic system based on high jump technique kinematics database,and majority biological data and kinetic data acquisition equipment belonged to contact measurement.Because of elite athlete's non-contact and game restrictions,the system is set up mainly from the kinematics point,uses systemic and developmental principles,bases on system indicators comprehensive and practicality,strives to achieve the purpose of the rapid,accurate and stable feedback.The best men's high jump technique diagnostic system is set up through the Visual C+ +6.0 software programming, which can not only provides concise quantitative indicators for coach,but also clearly sees athlete's advantages and disadvantage indicators,and recommends the express feedback training in intelligent decision-making to make coach enable the timely detection of problems that exist in and arranges targeted training programs.Athletes can see a clear image,directly form a self-contrast cognition with the elite athletes,for their own technology to lay a foundation to improve.
The thesis resorted to literature consultation,preliminary understand the status quo and trend of high jump technique,based on the important results of theoretical research,and drafted the indicators appearing in 71 literatures for the original targets.It made use of Delphi Method to initially choose the original indicators,remained 51 indicators after three rounds of questionnaires,determined through three-dimensional measurement machine camera filming elite male high jumper technology from two perspectives,and adopted the Ariel image analysis software to analyze images.Then it used cluster analysis and factor analysis to process 51 indicators of analytical data with statistical analysis,and finally formed 18 evaluation indicators;And used of the system design process to evaluate technology-based diagnostic systems which set up in the high jump,and finally reached the following conclusions:
1.China's outstanding men's high jump was a technical evaluation system,comprising of evaluation index system,index weights and the evaluation criteria.Evaluation index system mainly had the three levels of compositions,the run-up stage,the take-off stage and the cross-rod stage of the speed,posture and rhythm category,which of taxis was:take-off stage> the run-up stage>the cross-rod stage.According to expert survey and factor analysis,it was that weights of indicators,evaluation criteria,included individual indicators for the evaluation criteria and general indicators standards.
2.High jump technique diagnostic system was a closed-loop control system,and mainly had the high jump technique kinematics evaluation system,integrated decision-making, diagnostic feedback.
3.The basic information and testing data of athletes were enter into high jump technology diagnostic system software to achieve analysis and diagnosis of high technique, which mainly included basic information,data entry,data comparative analysis,data evaluation,data output,data query and intelligent decision-making.
本人查阅关于跳高方面的书籍和学术期刊网得知,跳高技术的研究大多数是技术环节的运动学分析,整体上将各环节运动作为一个运动体系的研究比较少,但是不同技术环节存在着密切的联系。因此从整体考虑运动员的技术动作,以运动成绩为因变量,各个环节的运动学技术指标为自变量,把计算机技术应用到技术分析和运动训练管理中,建立一个跳高技术诊断系统是非常有必要性的。
本研究开发的跳高技术诊断系统是以跳高技术运动学数据库为基础,生物学数据和动力学数据采集设备多数属于接触测量,由于优秀运动员非接触性和比赛的限制,因此系统的建立主要是从运动学角度出发,采用系统性和发展性原则,奔着系统指标全面和系统的实用性强,力求达到快速,准确,稳定反馈这一目的。通过Visual C++6.0软件编程建立我国优秀男子跳高技术诊断系统,它不仅可以为教练员提供简明的量化指标,而且可以清晰的看到运动员的优势指标和劣势指标,在智能决策中快速反馈训练建议,使教练及时发现训练中存在的问题,有的放矢的去安排训练计划;运动员可以看到清晰的图像,直接形成一种自身与优秀运动员的对比认知,为自己技术的改善奠定基础。
本文应用文献资料法,初步了解跳高技术的研究现状与动态,并在跳高技术理论研究的重要成果基础上,拟定了71项文献中出现的指标为原始指标;采用特尔菲法对原始指标进行初步筛选,三轮问卷后剩余指标为51项,通过立体定机摄像测量法从三维角度拍摄我国优秀男子跳高运动员技术,并用Ariel影像解析软件进行图像解析;运用聚类分析法和因子分析法对51项指标的解析数据进行统计学分析,最后形成18项评价指标;采用系统程序设计法,以评价为基础建立跳高技术诊断系统,最后得出以下结论:
1.我国优秀男子跳高技术评价体系是由评价指标体系、指标权重和评价标准组成。评价指标体系主要分三个层次,助跑阶段、起跳阶段和过杆阶段的速度类指标、姿态类指标和节奏类指标,三个层次的排序为:起跳阶段>助跑阶段>过杆阶段。根据专家调查法和因子分析法得到指标的权重,通过离差法建立评价标准,包括单项指标评价标准和综合评价标准。
2.跳高技术运动学诊断系统是一个闭环控制系统,主要结构由我国优秀男子跳高技术运动学评价体系、诊断结果和综合决策、诊断意见反馈三部分构成。
3.我国优秀男子跳高技术运动学诊断系统软件,可以通过输入运动员的基本信息和测试数据自动实现跳高技术的分析与诊断,主要包括基本信息、数据录入、数据对比分析、数据评价、数据输出、数据查询和智能决策。
Once the high jump was the advantages of our projects,the 20th century,70s and 80s are the peak of development in the high jump,the elite high jump athletes in track and field history had glorious pages.Ni zhi qin broke the men's world record-2.28meter,and later Zhu jian hua had three times to break the world record,up to now,the 2.39meter is still the Asia and the national record.However,with the old group of athletes retired,China's high jump gradually dimmed in the world arena.At the same time the high jump level also had a certain degree of decline.How to make the high jump event out of the bottom to catch up with the world level,and how to make the high jump to the scientific training,have been the questions to consider for the scientific researcher and coaches.
Looking up the books and periodical net of the high jump,the author finded that the most researches of the high jump were kinematics analysis of the tache technique from the whole,and considering every tache as a sport system to study was the comparatively small, but different technical tache was a relatively close contact.So it is necessary to consider the technical movements of athletes from the whole,exercise score as the dependent variable,the kinematics technique indicators of every tache as variables,put computer technology applied to technical analysis and sports training,and set up a technical diagnostic system.
China outstanding men's high jump technique diagnostic system based on high jump technique kinematics database,and majority biological data and kinetic data acquisition equipment belonged to contact measurement.Because of elite athlete's non-contact and game restrictions,the system is set up mainly from the kinematics point,uses systemic and developmental principles,bases on system indicators comprehensive and practicality,strives to achieve the purpose of the rapid,accurate and stable feedback.The best men's high jump technique diagnostic system is set up through the Visual C+ +6.0 software programming, which can not only provides concise quantitative indicators for coach,but also clearly sees athlete's advantages and disadvantage indicators,and recommends the express feedback training in intelligent decision-making to make coach enable the timely detection of problems that exist in and arranges targeted training programs.Athletes can see a clear image,directly form a self-contrast cognition with the elite athletes,for their own technology to lay a foundation to improve.
The thesis resorted to literature consultation,preliminary understand the status quo and trend of high jump technique,based on the important results of theoretical research,and drafted the indicators appearing in 71 literatures for the original targets.It made use of Delphi Method to initially choose the original indicators,remained 51 indicators after three rounds of questionnaires,determined through three-dimensional measurement machine camera filming elite male high jumper technology from two perspectives,and adopted the Ariel image analysis software to analyze images.Then it used cluster analysis and factor analysis to process 51 indicators of analytical data with statistical analysis,and finally formed 18 evaluation indicators;And used of the system design process to evaluate technology-based diagnostic systems which set up in the high jump,and finally reached the following conclusions:
1.China's outstanding men's high jump was a technical evaluation system,comprising of evaluation index system,index weights and the evaluation criteria.Evaluation index system mainly had the three levels of compositions,the run-up stage,the take-off stage and the cross-rod stage of the speed,posture and rhythm category,which of taxis was:take-off stage> the run-up stage>the cross-rod stage.According to expert survey and factor analysis,it was that weights of indicators,evaluation criteria,included individual indicators for the evaluation criteria and general indicators standards.
2.High jump technique diagnostic system was a closed-loop control system,and mainly had the high jump technique kinematics evaluation system,integrated decision-making, diagnostic feedback.
3.The basic information and testing data of athletes were enter into high jump technology diagnostic system software to achieve analysis and diagnosis of high technique, which mainly included basic information,data entry,data comparative analysis,data evaluation,data output,data query and intelligent decision-making.
引文
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