高压钠灯用大功率电子镇流器的研究
|
摘要
国家绿色照明工程的实施,促使各种绿色、高效、长寿命、光色好的照明光源被相继开发应用,高能量气体放电灯(HID灯)就是最为典型的新型光源,而在HID灯家族中,高压钠灯(HPS灯)因其在光效、寿命、光色、光穿透性等方面的优点而被更加广泛地开发和应用,但是与之匹配的电感镇流器却由于功率因数低、损耗大、体积大等缺点,已经不能满足人们对照明设备的绿色、节能的要求。所以设计一种高功率因数、高光效、体积小等优点的电子镇流器,已经成为HPS灯照明系统的迫切需要。本文就是基于此而开展研究工作的。
本文首先对与HID灯及其照明技术有关的国内外技术资料进行了查阅、分析和综合,较全面地掌握了HID灯的工作原理和特性,并对HID灯在实际应用中出现的问题有了基本了解,对以往在解决这些问题方面已经进行过的技术研究工作进行了简单总结。
基于对现有HID灯数学模型优缺点的分析和掌握,本文在HID灯的数学模型建立方面进行了大胆尝试。在对高压开关技术中的两个电弧放电数学模型各自的适用范围和缺点进行分析研究的基础上,大胆提出了一种HID灯正常工作时的数学模型,该模型与以往的模型相比,具有待定参数少、适用范围宽、待定参数的确定容易等优点,仿真结果表明,在对HID灯的外部电气性能描述方面,该模型具有与现有复杂模型相同的效果。该模型可以被应用在各种需要对HID灯外部电气性能进行仿真的场合。
作为对所提出的HID灯数学模型的一个应用,在论文的最后,利用通过试验得到的250W高压钠灯在50Hz下的电压、电流波形,建立了该HPS灯外电气特性的数学模型,并利用Matlab的Simulink仿真环境将模型应用于该灯的电子镇流器逆变器主电路的设计工作中,结合对逆变器控制驱动电路、启动电路和功率因数校正电路的设计,最终完成了对HPS灯电子镇流器的设计计算。所遵循的技术路线完全可以用于其它类型的HID灯电子镇流器的设计工作中。
The implementation of national green lighting engineering urges the development of different types of light source with green, efficiently, longer life and good lighting color. The high intensity gaseous discharge lamp (HID) is the most typical new light source. Because of its advantages in lighting efficiency, life, lighting color and lighting penetrability, the high pressure sodium lamp (HPS) is more broadly applicated in the family of HID lamp. But the inductance ballast, with lower power factor , much more loss and large physical volume etc, makes the HPS lamp can't satisfy people’s request for lighting equipment of green and energy saving. The development for some kinds of electronic ballast, having high power factor, less loss and smaller physical volume etc, has become insistent requirement. The research work in this thesis is carried out according to this viewpoint.
A number of domestic and international technique data releated to HID lamp and its lighting technology have been refered, analyzed and comprehensively synthesized firstly. The working principle and characteristic of HID lamp are cognized. The problem involved in the application practice of HID lamp is fundamentally understood. And, the technique research works about HID lamp and its application practice carried out by former researcher are simply summaried.
Based on the analysing about the merits and shortcomings of present HID lamp’s mathematical model, the author makes some trial research works on the mathematical model of HID lamp. According to the analysis for the applicable frequency range and defects of two mathematical models used for electric arc discharges within high voltage switch, the author presents a kind of mathematical model for normally worked HID lamp. Compared with former models, this model has the advantage of less parameters, wide applicable frequency range and easy method of parameter settle etc. Simulation research shows that this model has the same performance of former complicated model in aspect of describing the exterior electric characteristics of HID lamp. This model can be used in various situations in which the exterior electric performance of HID lamp is concerned.
As an application of the HID lamp’s mathematical model put forward in thesis, according to the voltage and current waveforms acquired from a test of a 250W high pressure sodium lamp working at 50Hz, this HPS lamp's mathematical model has been established. In Matlab’s Simulink environment, this model is sued in the simulation of the inverter which is the main part of the electronic ballast circuit designed for the HPS lamp. Combined with the design for the driving and controlling circuit of the inverter, the pulse-up circuit of the lamp and the power factor correction circuit of the whole electronic ballast, the author completed the design work of electronic ballast used for the HPS lamp. And the technique route run through this design process can be completely used for the design work of other types of HID lamp’s electronic ballast.
本文首先对与HID灯及其照明技术有关的国内外技术资料进行了查阅、分析和综合,较全面地掌握了HID灯的工作原理和特性,并对HID灯在实际应用中出现的问题有了基本了解,对以往在解决这些问题方面已经进行过的技术研究工作进行了简单总结。
基于对现有HID灯数学模型优缺点的分析和掌握,本文在HID灯的数学模型建立方面进行了大胆尝试。在对高压开关技术中的两个电弧放电数学模型各自的适用范围和缺点进行分析研究的基础上,大胆提出了一种HID灯正常工作时的数学模型,该模型与以往的模型相比,具有待定参数少、适用范围宽、待定参数的确定容易等优点,仿真结果表明,在对HID灯的外部电气性能描述方面,该模型具有与现有复杂模型相同的效果。该模型可以被应用在各种需要对HID灯外部电气性能进行仿真的场合。
作为对所提出的HID灯数学模型的一个应用,在论文的最后,利用通过试验得到的250W高压钠灯在50Hz下的电压、电流波形,建立了该HPS灯外电气特性的数学模型,并利用Matlab的Simulink仿真环境将模型应用于该灯的电子镇流器逆变器主电路的设计工作中,结合对逆变器控制驱动电路、启动电路和功率因数校正电路的设计,最终完成了对HPS灯电子镇流器的设计计算。所遵循的技术路线完全可以用于其它类型的HID灯电子镇流器的设计工作中。
The implementation of national green lighting engineering urges the development of different types of light source with green, efficiently, longer life and good lighting color. The high intensity gaseous discharge lamp (HID) is the most typical new light source. Because of its advantages in lighting efficiency, life, lighting color and lighting penetrability, the high pressure sodium lamp (HPS) is more broadly applicated in the family of HID lamp. But the inductance ballast, with lower power factor , much more loss and large physical volume etc, makes the HPS lamp can't satisfy people’s request for lighting equipment of green and energy saving. The development for some kinds of electronic ballast, having high power factor, less loss and smaller physical volume etc, has become insistent requirement. The research work in this thesis is carried out according to this viewpoint.
A number of domestic and international technique data releated to HID lamp and its lighting technology have been refered, analyzed and comprehensively synthesized firstly. The working principle and characteristic of HID lamp are cognized. The problem involved in the application practice of HID lamp is fundamentally understood. And, the technique research works about HID lamp and its application practice carried out by former researcher are simply summaried.
Based on the analysing about the merits and shortcomings of present HID lamp’s mathematical model, the author makes some trial research works on the mathematical model of HID lamp. According to the analysis for the applicable frequency range and defects of two mathematical models used for electric arc discharges within high voltage switch, the author presents a kind of mathematical model for normally worked HID lamp. Compared with former models, this model has the advantage of less parameters, wide applicable frequency range and easy method of parameter settle etc. Simulation research shows that this model has the same performance of former complicated model in aspect of describing the exterior electric characteristics of HID lamp. This model can be used in various situations in which the exterior electric performance of HID lamp is concerned.
As an application of the HID lamp’s mathematical model put forward in thesis, according to the voltage and current waveforms acquired from a test of a 250W high pressure sodium lamp working at 50Hz, this HPS lamp's mathematical model has been established. In Matlab’s Simulink environment, this model is sued in the simulation of the inverter which is the main part of the electronic ballast circuit designed for the HPS lamp. Combined with the design for the driving and controlling circuit of the inverter, the pulse-up circuit of the lamp and the power factor correction circuit of the whole electronic ballast, the author completed the design work of electronic ballast used for the HPS lamp. And the technique route run through this design process can be completely used for the design work of other types of HID lamp’s electronic ballast.
引文
1周太明.光源原理与设计[M].复旦大学出版社,1993:201-275.
2周容相.高压钠灯的发展动态[J].光电技术,1999,(3):13-16.
3梁贞. 2002年全国HID灯产销市场调研报告[J].中国照明电器,2004,(2):9-15.
4梁贞. 2004年全国HID灯调研报告[J].中国照明电器,2006,(3):8-11.
5梁贞. 2005年全国HID灯产销调研报告[J].中国照明电器,2007,(3):6-8.
6罗志峰,谢运祥. HID气体灯电子镇流器的技术分析[J].电气应用,2006,25(5):38-40.
7程为彬,钟彦儒,金舜等. HID灯电子镇流器有源功率因数校正电路设计[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(5):97-103.
8 Van Casteren D H J, Hendrix M A M. Improved current control for HID lamp drivers[C]. The Conference Record of the 40th IAS Annual Meeting, 2005,2: 1182–1187.
9 Xu Jianbing, Chen Min, Zhang Ting. A constant power control strategy of electronic ballast for HID lamp[C]. The Conference Record of IEEE Industry Applications Conference,2006, 3: 1099-1102.
10 Dupuis P, Bolsens B, Van Den Keybus J A. universatile power source for HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of the 40th IAS Annual Meeting,2005, 2: 1188-1192.
11 Mukerjee A K, Dasgupta N A. Current-Fed Half-Bridge Oscillator for 400 Watt HID Lamp[C]. The 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications,2006: 1-5.
12 Cardesin J, Alonso J M, Lopez-corominas E. Small-signal analysis of a low-cost power control for LCC series-parallel inverters with resonant current mode control for HID lamps[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005, 20: 1205–1212.
13 Branas C, Azcondo F J, Bracho S. Design of L-Cp-Cs resonant inverters as a power source for HID lamp ballast applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41: 1584-1593.
14 Orletti R, Simonetti D S L, Vieira J L F. A Reduced-Part-Number HID Lamp Electronic Ballast[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2007: 3013–3018.
15 Jenn-Jong Shieh, Kan-Sheng Kuan. An integrated electronic ballast for small wattage high intensity discharge lamps[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005, 4: 3660-3663.
16 Fellows M W. A study of the high intensity discharge lamp-electronic ballast interface[C]. The Conference Record of the 38th IAS Annual Meeting, 2003, 2: 1043–1048.
17 Cardesin J, Garcia J, Ribas J. Low Cost PFC Electronic Ballast for 250W HID Lamps Operating as Constant Power Source with 400 kHz Switching Frequency[C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005: 1130-1135.
18谢勇,袁开见. HID灯的控制与驱动电路[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10):52-54.
19魏全禄,潘孟春.低频方波HID灯用电了镇流器的仿真分析[J].灯与照明,2005,29(4):31-36.
20徐根达.基于IR2104的金属卤化物灯调频驱动电子镇流器的研制[J].电源技术应用,2006,9(9):23-27.
21左壮,张相军,徐殿国.基于单周电流峰值控制的金卤灯电子镇流器[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10):44-46.
22毛兴武.基于全桥驱动器IC的HID灯电子镇流器[J].灯与照明,2005,29(1):51-54.
23杨鑫祎,张汀,马重光等.两级式低频方波HID灯电子镇流器的比较与展望[J].照明工程学报,2007,18(4):10-12.
24姜勇义. 250W高压钠灯电子镇流器的研制[J].中国照明电器,2006,(8):1-6.
25邵聪磊,陈诚,郑最等. 400V/600W高压钠灯电子镇流器的设计与研究[J].照明工程学报,2007,18(3):61-65.
26李桂臣,苏建徽,张国荣. 400W太阳能高压钠灯电子镇流器的研制[J].节能,2005,(12):32-34.
27李桂臣,苏建徽,杜雪芳等. 600W高压钠灯电子镇流器的研制.电源技术应用,2006,9(2):35-37.
28滕妨华,刘晨阳,张仲超. HID灯声谐振原理及其抑制技术[J].中国照明电器,2004,(10):14-16.
29 Anton J C, Blanco C, Ferrero F. Acoustic resonance band detection workbench for HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of the 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004, 1: 1013–1018.
30 Garcia-Garcia J, Rico-Secades M, Corominas E L. Using solid-state over-voltage protection devices for high intensity discharge lamps ignition[C]. The Conference Record of the 37th IAS Annual Meeting,2002, 1: 363–368.
31 Yang Hua, Xu Dianguo, Lang Yongqiang. Analysis and Design of A Novel Start Circuit for HID Electronic Ballast[C]. The 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2006: 16-18.
32 Wu T F, Chung S W, Chen Y C. A parallel type of HID-lamp electronic ballast[C]. The Conference Record of the 40th IAS Annual Meeting, 2005, 2: 1177-1181.
33 Jiang Yan, Shen Miaosen, Li Hua. An adaptive acoustic resonance free electronic ballast for HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of the 38th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004, 2: 1020–1024.
34 Liu Shu, Liu Jianzheng, Zhao Zhengming. Novel electronic ballasts for the solar-energy HID lamp[C]. The Conference Record of 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2003, 1: 278-281.
35 Jiang Yan, Liu Wenduo, Liang Yan. A High Power Density Integrated Electronic Ballast for Low Wattage HID Lamps[C]. Applied Power Electronics Conference, 2007: 274-280.
36 Dong P, Cheng K W E, Wang D H. Comparison and Design Analysis of Pulse Transformer for HID Ballasts[C]. The 12th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2006: 156-156.
37 Yang Yongbing, Qian Zhaoming, Wu Xinke. A novel single-stage low-frequency square-wave electronic ballast for low-wattage HID lamps[C]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2005, 2: 1048-1052.
38 Enriquez E, Ponce M, Cotorogea M. Experimental evaluation of dimming and frequency on the behavior of HID lamps fed with square waveforms[C]. The Conference Record of the 40th IAS Annual Meeting, 2005, 4:2324–2329.
39 Paul K C, Hiramoto T, Horikawa Y. Theoretical and experimental investigation of an HID lamp[C]. The Conference Record of the 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006: 129-130.
40 Liland K B, Peres I, Pitchford L C. Modeling the breakdown and glow phases during the ignition of HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 1996: 270.
41 In-Kyu Lee, Sung-Jin Choi, Kyu-Chan Lee. Modeling and control of automotive HID lamp ballast[C]. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1999, 1: 506-510.
42 Wei Yanhui, S Y R. A universal PSpice model for HID lamps[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41:1594–1602.
43 Paul K C, Takemura T, Hiramoto T. Three Dimensional Modeling of an HID Lamp Operated by a Direct Current[C]. The Conference Record of IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2005: 191.
44 Wei Yanhui, Chung S Y R. Genetic algorithm optimised for high intensity discharge lamp model[J]. Electronics Letters, 2002, 38: 110–112.
45 Osorio R, Oliver M A, Ponce M. Thermal Dynamic Model for HID Lamps with the Outer-Bulb Effetcs[C]. Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference, 2006, 1: 197-202.
46 Jin Joong KIM, Jeong Won Kim, Dong Ho Won. Conductivity of the Plasmas in Electrode Less HID Lamps[C]. The Conference Record of IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2005: 193-193.
47 Ribas J, Alonso J M, Calleja A J. Small signal dynamic characterization of HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2002, 2: 1489-1493.
48 Flesch P, Neiger M. Numerical investigation of time dependent electrode plasma interaction in commercial HID lamps[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2005, 33: 508-509.
49 Paul K C, TakemurA T, Hiramoto T. Self-Consistent Model of HID Lamp for Design Applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2006, 34: 1536-1547.
50 Wei Yanhui, S Y R. Nonlinear high-intensity discharge lamp model including a dynamic electrode voltage drop[J]. IEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology, 2003, 150:161-167.
51 Paul K C, TakemurA T, HirAmoto T. Development of a Robust 3-D Model for HID Lamps and Comparison of Predicted and Measured Electrode Temperatures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2007, 35: 188-196.
52 Osorio R, Ponce M, Oliver M. Stability Analysis of HID lamp and Non-Resonant Ballast Using a Non Linear Lamp Model[C]. IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005:1124-1129.
53 K J Tseng, Y Wang. Dynamic electric arc model for electronic circuit simulation[J]. Electronics letters, 1996, 32(8):705-707.
54王云芳,吴伟,王洁玮. HID灯的Pspice模型研究[J].上海大学学报,2005,11(6):583-588.
55诸定吕,张正业,周圆圆.高强度气体放电灯的阻抗特性[J].光源与照明,2003,(4):11-13.
56程为彬,徐培凯,钟彦儒. HID灯电子镇流器的组合参数微扰调制[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10):39-41.
57工议锋,张相军,李俊杰等.大功率HID灯数字式电子镇流器研究[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10):61-63.
58王斯然,张晓峰,金天均.车用HD灯电子镇流器中变压器的设计[J].机电工程,2007,24(5):63-65.
59张之望,夏永洁. 3.5kW HID灯触发器的探究与改进[J].中国照明电器,2005,(1):23-24.
60程为彬,钟彦儒,金舜等. HID灯电子镇流器有源功率因数校正电路设计[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(5):97-103.
2周容相.高压钠灯的发展动态[J].光电技术,1999,(3):13-16.
3梁贞. 2002年全国HID灯产销市场调研报告[J].中国照明电器,2004,(2):9-15.
4梁贞. 2004年全国HID灯调研报告[J].中国照明电器,2006,(3):8-11.
5梁贞. 2005年全国HID灯产销调研报告[J].中国照明电器,2007,(3):6-8.
6罗志峰,谢运祥. HID气体灯电子镇流器的技术分析[J].电气应用,2006,25(5):38-40.
7程为彬,钟彦儒,金舜等. HID灯电子镇流器有源功率因数校正电路设计[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(5):97-103.
8 Van Casteren D H J, Hendrix M A M. Improved current control for HID lamp drivers[C]. The Conference Record of the 40th IAS Annual Meeting, 2005,2: 1182–1187.
9 Xu Jianbing, Chen Min, Zhang Ting. A constant power control strategy of electronic ballast for HID lamp[C]. The Conference Record of IEEE Industry Applications Conference,2006, 3: 1099-1102.
10 Dupuis P, Bolsens B, Van Den Keybus J A. universatile power source for HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of the 40th IAS Annual Meeting,2005, 2: 1188-1192.
11 Mukerjee A K, Dasgupta N A. Current-Fed Half-Bridge Oscillator for 400 Watt HID Lamp[C]. The 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications,2006: 1-5.
12 Cardesin J, Alonso J M, Lopez-corominas E. Small-signal analysis of a low-cost power control for LCC series-parallel inverters with resonant current mode control for HID lamps[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005, 20: 1205–1212.
13 Branas C, Azcondo F J, Bracho S. Design of L-Cp-Cs resonant inverters as a power source for HID lamp ballast applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41: 1584-1593.
14 Orletti R, Simonetti D S L, Vieira J L F. A Reduced-Part-Number HID Lamp Electronic Ballast[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2007: 3013–3018.
15 Jenn-Jong Shieh, Kan-Sheng Kuan. An integrated electronic ballast for small wattage high intensity discharge lamps[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005, 4: 3660-3663.
16 Fellows M W. A study of the high intensity discharge lamp-electronic ballast interface[C]. The Conference Record of the 38th IAS Annual Meeting, 2003, 2: 1043–1048.
17 Cardesin J, Garcia J, Ribas J. Low Cost PFC Electronic Ballast for 250W HID Lamps Operating as Constant Power Source with 400 kHz Switching Frequency[C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005: 1130-1135.
18谢勇,袁开见. HID灯的控制与驱动电路[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10):52-54.
19魏全禄,潘孟春.低频方波HID灯用电了镇流器的仿真分析[J].灯与照明,2005,29(4):31-36.
20徐根达.基于IR2104的金属卤化物灯调频驱动电子镇流器的研制[J].电源技术应用,2006,9(9):23-27.
21左壮,张相军,徐殿国.基于单周电流峰值控制的金卤灯电子镇流器[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10):44-46.
22毛兴武.基于全桥驱动器IC的HID灯电子镇流器[J].灯与照明,2005,29(1):51-54.
23杨鑫祎,张汀,马重光等.两级式低频方波HID灯电子镇流器的比较与展望[J].照明工程学报,2007,18(4):10-12.
24姜勇义. 250W高压钠灯电子镇流器的研制[J].中国照明电器,2006,(8):1-6.
25邵聪磊,陈诚,郑最等. 400V/600W高压钠灯电子镇流器的设计与研究[J].照明工程学报,2007,18(3):61-65.
26李桂臣,苏建徽,张国荣. 400W太阳能高压钠灯电子镇流器的研制[J].节能,2005,(12):32-34.
27李桂臣,苏建徽,杜雪芳等. 600W高压钠灯电子镇流器的研制.电源技术应用,2006,9(2):35-37.
28滕妨华,刘晨阳,张仲超. HID灯声谐振原理及其抑制技术[J].中国照明电器,2004,(10):14-16.
29 Anton J C, Blanco C, Ferrero F. Acoustic resonance band detection workbench for HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of the 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004, 1: 1013–1018.
30 Garcia-Garcia J, Rico-Secades M, Corominas E L. Using solid-state over-voltage protection devices for high intensity discharge lamps ignition[C]. The Conference Record of the 37th IAS Annual Meeting,2002, 1: 363–368.
31 Yang Hua, Xu Dianguo, Lang Yongqiang. Analysis and Design of A Novel Start Circuit for HID Electronic Ballast[C]. The 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2006: 16-18.
32 Wu T F, Chung S W, Chen Y C. A parallel type of HID-lamp electronic ballast[C]. The Conference Record of the 40th IAS Annual Meeting, 2005, 2: 1177-1181.
33 Jiang Yan, Shen Miaosen, Li Hua. An adaptive acoustic resonance free electronic ballast for HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of the 38th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004, 2: 1020–1024.
34 Liu Shu, Liu Jianzheng, Zhao Zhengming. Novel electronic ballasts for the solar-energy HID lamp[C]. The Conference Record of 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2003, 1: 278-281.
35 Jiang Yan, Liu Wenduo, Liang Yan. A High Power Density Integrated Electronic Ballast for Low Wattage HID Lamps[C]. Applied Power Electronics Conference, 2007: 274-280.
36 Dong P, Cheng K W E, Wang D H. Comparison and Design Analysis of Pulse Transformer for HID Ballasts[C]. The 12th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2006: 156-156.
37 Yang Yongbing, Qian Zhaoming, Wu Xinke. A novel single-stage low-frequency square-wave electronic ballast for low-wattage HID lamps[C]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2005, 2: 1048-1052.
38 Enriquez E, Ponce M, Cotorogea M. Experimental evaluation of dimming and frequency on the behavior of HID lamps fed with square waveforms[C]. The Conference Record of the 40th IAS Annual Meeting, 2005, 4:2324–2329.
39 Paul K C, Hiramoto T, Horikawa Y. Theoretical and experimental investigation of an HID lamp[C]. The Conference Record of the 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006: 129-130.
40 Liland K B, Peres I, Pitchford L C. Modeling the breakdown and glow phases during the ignition of HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 1996: 270.
41 In-Kyu Lee, Sung-Jin Choi, Kyu-Chan Lee. Modeling and control of automotive HID lamp ballast[C]. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1999, 1: 506-510.
42 Wei Yanhui, S Y R. A universal PSpice model for HID lamps[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41:1594–1602.
43 Paul K C, Takemura T, Hiramoto T. Three Dimensional Modeling of an HID Lamp Operated by a Direct Current[C]. The Conference Record of IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2005: 191.
44 Wei Yanhui, Chung S Y R. Genetic algorithm optimised for high intensity discharge lamp model[J]. Electronics Letters, 2002, 38: 110–112.
45 Osorio R, Oliver M A, Ponce M. Thermal Dynamic Model for HID Lamps with the Outer-Bulb Effetcs[C]. Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference, 2006, 1: 197-202.
46 Jin Joong KIM, Jeong Won Kim, Dong Ho Won. Conductivity of the Plasmas in Electrode Less HID Lamps[C]. The Conference Record of IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2005: 193-193.
47 Ribas J, Alonso J M, Calleja A J. Small signal dynamic characterization of HID lamps[C]. The Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2002, 2: 1489-1493.
48 Flesch P, Neiger M. Numerical investigation of time dependent electrode plasma interaction in commercial HID lamps[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2005, 33: 508-509.
49 Paul K C, TakemurA T, Hiramoto T. Self-Consistent Model of HID Lamp for Design Applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2006, 34: 1536-1547.
50 Wei Yanhui, S Y R. Nonlinear high-intensity discharge lamp model including a dynamic electrode voltage drop[J]. IEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology, 2003, 150:161-167.
51 Paul K C, TakemurA T, HirAmoto T. Development of a Robust 3-D Model for HID Lamps and Comparison of Predicted and Measured Electrode Temperatures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2007, 35: 188-196.
52 Osorio R, Ponce M, Oliver M. Stability Analysis of HID lamp and Non-Resonant Ballast Using a Non Linear Lamp Model[C]. IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005:1124-1129.
53 K J Tseng, Y Wang. Dynamic electric arc model for electronic circuit simulation[J]. Electronics letters, 1996, 32(8):705-707.
54王云芳,吴伟,王洁玮. HID灯的Pspice模型研究[J].上海大学学报,2005,11(6):583-588.
55诸定吕,张正业,周圆圆.高强度气体放电灯的阻抗特性[J].光源与照明,2003,(4):11-13.
56程为彬,徐培凯,钟彦儒. HID灯电子镇流器的组合参数微扰调制[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10):39-41.
57工议锋,张相军,李俊杰等.大功率HID灯数字式电子镇流器研究[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10):61-63.
58王斯然,张晓峰,金天均.车用HD灯电子镇流器中变压器的设计[J].机电工程,2007,24(5):63-65.
59张之望,夏永洁. 3.5kW HID灯触发器的探究与改进[J].中国照明电器,2005,(1):23-24.
60程为彬,钟彦儒,金舜等. HID灯电子镇流器有源功率因数校正电路设计[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(5):97-103.