东辛油田典型断层破碎带识别与描述
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摘要
断层破碎带是由断面附近派生裂缝和断面充填物组成的地质体,在地表露头容易识别,但在地下油田的鉴别还是一个难题。因而,人们对断层破碎带地下结构及性质认识比较局限,无法建立真实的断块油藏地质模型,导致断块油田深入挖潜难以进行。
本文在认识断层破碎带露头特征的基础上,利用测井信息及相关地质资料对东辛断块油田断层破碎带进行识别。通过测井曲线对比,提出用裂缝发育系数识别派生裂缝(Fdr>0.35)和断面充填物(Fdr<0.35),并发现了5种结构的断层破碎带:①派生裂缝-断面充填物-派生裂缝的对称结构断层破碎带,②派生裂缝-断面充填物组成的非对称断层破碎带,③不完整的断层破碎带,包括无断面充填物只有派生裂缝的和无派生裂缝只有断面充填物的两种,④结构复杂的断层破碎带。研究还发现了断层破碎带厚度与断距之间存在1:10-1:20的关系。
评价了永3断块不同级别断层破碎带物性特征和排替压力,发现该断块断层破碎带有较好的封闭性,且断面充填物的封闭性强于派生裂缝,由于断层破碎带的结构差异,造成同一断层不同部位的封闭性不同。
永3和辛109断块剩余油大多临近断层破碎带,但由于物性条件差,设计水平井时还要避免钻遇断层破碎带,因此根据断层破碎带的空间展布特征,对该断块设计了水平井轨迹,以达到对断块油田剩余油进一步挖潜的目的。
A fault broken zone is defined as a geological body which is composed of fractures derived by fault movement and fragments filled between two walls of the fault, and is easily identified from outcrop, but difficultly to recognize subsurface. Therefore, people have known little about the structure and properties of fault broken zone, and can not establish real fault-block reservoir geological model. So it is hard to have an in-depth study in fault-block oilfield.
The paper conducted the investigation in the Dongxin Oilfield in the Jiyang Depression, and identified 5 types of fault broken zones, i.e. (1) symmetrical fault broken zone with configuration of derived fractures– filled fragments– derived fractures, (2) unsymmetrical fault broken zone with of derived fractures– filled fragments, (3) two kinds of imperfect fault broken zone with only derived fractures or with only filled fragments, and (4) complex fault broken zone without fixed derived fractures or filled fragments. The identification is based on repeated comparisons of well loggings and related geological data. A key coefficient (Fdr) is used successfully in identification, if Fdr>0.35 being derived fractures and if Fdr<0.35 being filled fragments. It was found that fault displacement is ten to twenty times than the thickness of fault broken zone.
As an example, petrophysics and displacement pressures of the derived fractures and filled fragments of fault broken zones with different sizes in the Yong-3 fault-block, and are believed as key factors for the fault sealing properties. The sealing of filled fragments is better than the derived fractures; it caused that different part of the same fault express different sealing characteristics because of different structure of fault broken zone.
Remaining oil mostly close to the fault broken zones in Yong-3 and Xin-109 fault-blocks. The distribution of the fault broken zones are mapped and applied in designing horizontal wells to produce efficiently the remaining oil in the fault blocks.
本文在认识断层破碎带露头特征的基础上,利用测井信息及相关地质资料对东辛断块油田断层破碎带进行识别。通过测井曲线对比,提出用裂缝发育系数识别派生裂缝(Fdr>0.35)和断面充填物(Fdr<0.35),并发现了5种结构的断层破碎带:①派生裂缝-断面充填物-派生裂缝的对称结构断层破碎带,②派生裂缝-断面充填物组成的非对称断层破碎带,③不完整的断层破碎带,包括无断面充填物只有派生裂缝的和无派生裂缝只有断面充填物的两种,④结构复杂的断层破碎带。研究还发现了断层破碎带厚度与断距之间存在1:10-1:20的关系。
评价了永3断块不同级别断层破碎带物性特征和排替压力,发现该断块断层破碎带有较好的封闭性,且断面充填物的封闭性强于派生裂缝,由于断层破碎带的结构差异,造成同一断层不同部位的封闭性不同。
永3和辛109断块剩余油大多临近断层破碎带,但由于物性条件差,设计水平井时还要避免钻遇断层破碎带,因此根据断层破碎带的空间展布特征,对该断块设计了水平井轨迹,以达到对断块油田剩余油进一步挖潜的目的。
A fault broken zone is defined as a geological body which is composed of fractures derived by fault movement and fragments filled between two walls of the fault, and is easily identified from outcrop, but difficultly to recognize subsurface. Therefore, people have known little about the structure and properties of fault broken zone, and can not establish real fault-block reservoir geological model. So it is hard to have an in-depth study in fault-block oilfield.
The paper conducted the investigation in the Dongxin Oilfield in the Jiyang Depression, and identified 5 types of fault broken zones, i.e. (1) symmetrical fault broken zone with configuration of derived fractures– filled fragments– derived fractures, (2) unsymmetrical fault broken zone with of derived fractures– filled fragments, (3) two kinds of imperfect fault broken zone with only derived fractures or with only filled fragments, and (4) complex fault broken zone without fixed derived fractures or filled fragments. The identification is based on repeated comparisons of well loggings and related geological data. A key coefficient (Fdr) is used successfully in identification, if Fdr>0.35 being derived fractures and if Fdr<0.35 being filled fragments. It was found that fault displacement is ten to twenty times than the thickness of fault broken zone.
As an example, petrophysics and displacement pressures of the derived fractures and filled fragments of fault broken zones with different sizes in the Yong-3 fault-block, and are believed as key factors for the fault sealing properties. The sealing of filled fragments is better than the derived fractures; it caused that different part of the same fault express different sealing characteristics because of different structure of fault broken zone.
Remaining oil mostly close to the fault broken zones in Yong-3 and Xin-109 fault-blocks. The distribution of the fault broken zones are mapped and applied in designing horizontal wells to produce efficiently the remaining oil in the fault blocks.
引文
[1]付晓飞,方德庆,吕延防,等.从断裂带内部结构出发评价断层垂向封闭性的方法[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005, 30(3):328-335.
[2]宋胜浩.从断裂带内部结构剖析油气断层运移规律[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006, 30(3):17-20.
[3]阎福礼,贾东,卢华复,等.东营凹陷油气运移的地震泵作用[J].石油与天然气地质, 1999, 20(4):295-298.
[4]何绍勇,马凤良.断裂带结构特征及其封堵性[J].西部探矿工程,2009, 1:51-53.
[5]周庆华.从断裂带内部结构探讨断层封闭性[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005, 24(6):1-3.
[6]钟增球.构造岩研究的新进展[J].地学前缘,1994, 2(1-2):162-168.
[7] Sibson,R.H. Fault mechanisms. Geol.Soc.Lond. 1977,133:191-213.
[8]林爱明.断层岩与断层模式[J].高校地质学报,1996, 2(3):295-299.
[9]武红岭,张利容.断层周围的弹塑性区及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2000, 23(1):11-16.
[10]周新桂,邓宏文,操成杰,等.储层构造裂缝定量预测研究及评价方法[J].地球学报, 2003, 24(2):175-180.
[11]吴智平,陈伟,薛雁,等.断裂带的结构特征及其对油气的输导和封堵性[J].地质学报,2010, 84(4):570-577.
[12]许同海.致密储层裂缝识别的测井方法及研究进展[J].油气地质与采收率,2005, 12(3):75-78.
[13]帅德福,王秉海.中国石油地质志卷六-胜利油田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:475
[14]刘华,蒋有录,宋西云,等.东营凹陷东辛油田油源对比研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005, 29(4):1-4.
[15]陈清华,吴孔友,王绍兰.永安镇油田构造特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998, 22(5):23-25.
[16]王志章.裂缝性油藏描述及预测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:1-5.
[17]高君,吕延防,田庆丰.断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007, 31(2):4-7.
[18] Sorkhabi R, Suzuki U, Sato. D, Structural Evaluation of Petroleum Sealing Capacity ofFaults[A]. SPE 59405.
[19]陆基孟.地球物理勘探原理(下)[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2006, 12:82.
[20]樊计昌,刘明军.确定断裂带内部结构和物性参数的一种方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007, 42(2):164-169.
[21]李松林,樊计昌.利用断层围陷波研究昆仑山8.1级地震的破裂面[J].地震学报, 2005, 26(1):42-50.
[22]高松洋.测井资料在裂缝识别中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2009, 31(2):272-274.
[23]安丰全,李从信,李志明,等.利用测井资料进行裂缝的定量识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998 37(3):119-123.
[24]周灿灿,杨春顶.砂岩裂缝的成因及其常规测井资料综合识别技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003 38(4):425-430.
[25]李善军,肖承文,汪涵明,等.裂缝的双侧向测井响应的数学模型及裂缝孔隙度的定量解释[J].地球物理学报,1996 39(6):845-851.
[26]尹庆文,李艳华,韩成.双侧向曲线差异评价煤层裂缝及实例分析[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999, 21(4):6-7.
[27]智慧文,杨志斌,肖兹,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层孔隙度测井解释方法研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2007, 3(4):5-9.
[28]卢颖忠,李保华,张宇晓等.测井综合特征参数在碳酸盐岩储层识别中的应用[J].中国西部油气地质,2006, 2(1):109-113.
[29]梁苏娟,刘池阳,王定一.冀中坳陷下第三系构造背斜成因分类[J].西安工程学院学报,2002, 24(1):25-28.
[30]吴峰.环霸县洼槽天然气成藏主控因素和勘探方向研究[D].中国石油大学(华东), 2010, 7:35-36.
[31]赵密福,李阳,张煜,等.断层两盘岩性配置关系及断层的封闭性[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006 30(1):7-11.
[32]刘晓林,冯春丽.东辛油田营32断层岩性配置关系研究[J].油气地质与采收率. 2005, 12(4):26-28.
[33]夏保华,周卓明,孙雪霞,等.濮城油田沙二下油藏剩余油的影响因素及型式[J].石油与天然气地质,2001, 22(4):385-387.
[34]冯明生,许安著,别爱芳,等.水平井挖潜剩余油抽象模型的建立及适应条件[J].油气地质与采收率,2009, 16(6):95-97.
[2]宋胜浩.从断裂带内部结构剖析油气断层运移规律[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006, 30(3):17-20.
[3]阎福礼,贾东,卢华复,等.东营凹陷油气运移的地震泵作用[J].石油与天然气地质, 1999, 20(4):295-298.
[4]何绍勇,马凤良.断裂带结构特征及其封堵性[J].西部探矿工程,2009, 1:51-53.
[5]周庆华.从断裂带内部结构探讨断层封闭性[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005, 24(6):1-3.
[6]钟增球.构造岩研究的新进展[J].地学前缘,1994, 2(1-2):162-168.
[7] Sibson,R.H. Fault mechanisms. Geol.Soc.Lond. 1977,133:191-213.
[8]林爱明.断层岩与断层模式[J].高校地质学报,1996, 2(3):295-299.
[9]武红岭,张利容.断层周围的弹塑性区及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2000, 23(1):11-16.
[10]周新桂,邓宏文,操成杰,等.储层构造裂缝定量预测研究及评价方法[J].地球学报, 2003, 24(2):175-180.
[11]吴智平,陈伟,薛雁,等.断裂带的结构特征及其对油气的输导和封堵性[J].地质学报,2010, 84(4):570-577.
[12]许同海.致密储层裂缝识别的测井方法及研究进展[J].油气地质与采收率,2005, 12(3):75-78.
[13]帅德福,王秉海.中国石油地质志卷六-胜利油田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:475
[14]刘华,蒋有录,宋西云,等.东营凹陷东辛油田油源对比研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005, 29(4):1-4.
[15]陈清华,吴孔友,王绍兰.永安镇油田构造特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998, 22(5):23-25.
[16]王志章.裂缝性油藏描述及预测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:1-5.
[17]高君,吕延防,田庆丰.断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007, 31(2):4-7.
[18] Sorkhabi R, Suzuki U, Sato. D, Structural Evaluation of Petroleum Sealing Capacity ofFaults[A]. SPE 59405.
[19]陆基孟.地球物理勘探原理(下)[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2006, 12:82.
[20]樊计昌,刘明军.确定断裂带内部结构和物性参数的一种方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007, 42(2):164-169.
[21]李松林,樊计昌.利用断层围陷波研究昆仑山8.1级地震的破裂面[J].地震学报, 2005, 26(1):42-50.
[22]高松洋.测井资料在裂缝识别中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2009, 31(2):272-274.
[23]安丰全,李从信,李志明,等.利用测井资料进行裂缝的定量识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998 37(3):119-123.
[24]周灿灿,杨春顶.砂岩裂缝的成因及其常规测井资料综合识别技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003 38(4):425-430.
[25]李善军,肖承文,汪涵明,等.裂缝的双侧向测井响应的数学模型及裂缝孔隙度的定量解释[J].地球物理学报,1996 39(6):845-851.
[26]尹庆文,李艳华,韩成.双侧向曲线差异评价煤层裂缝及实例分析[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999, 21(4):6-7.
[27]智慧文,杨志斌,肖兹,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层孔隙度测井解释方法研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2007, 3(4):5-9.
[28]卢颖忠,李保华,张宇晓等.测井综合特征参数在碳酸盐岩储层识别中的应用[J].中国西部油气地质,2006, 2(1):109-113.
[29]梁苏娟,刘池阳,王定一.冀中坳陷下第三系构造背斜成因分类[J].西安工程学院学报,2002, 24(1):25-28.
[30]吴峰.环霸县洼槽天然气成藏主控因素和勘探方向研究[D].中国石油大学(华东), 2010, 7:35-36.
[31]赵密福,李阳,张煜,等.断层两盘岩性配置关系及断层的封闭性[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006 30(1):7-11.
[32]刘晓林,冯春丽.东辛油田营32断层岩性配置关系研究[J].油气地质与采收率. 2005, 12(4):26-28.
[33]夏保华,周卓明,孙雪霞,等.濮城油田沙二下油藏剩余油的影响因素及型式[J].石油与天然气地质,2001, 22(4):385-387.
[34]冯明生,许安著,别爱芳,等.水平井挖潜剩余油抽象模型的建立及适应条件[J].油气地质与采收率,2009, 16(6):95-97.