南县引种丛生竹丰产栽培技术研究
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摘要
南县丛生竹种质资源缺乏,为了大规模发展南县的竹产业、提高南县人民的经济收入和维护南县的生态环境,通过从湖南湘西龙山县、四川省和江西省等地引进丛生竹种。本文通过大量的田间试验对南县引种丛生竹丰产栽培技术进行了初步的探索,主要对丛生竹的育苗技术、丛生竹的造林技术以及丛生竹的培管技术等三个方面进行了系统研究,得出以下结论：
1.采用田间对比试验和完全随机区组试验的方法对丛生竹的育苗技术进行研究分析。研究分析结论显示：选1～2年生、节芽数量较多、节芽或枝芽饱满、分枝较低,秆基芽眼肥大充实、根系发达、胸径1～8cm、竹秆绿色、无病虫害的慈竹和青皮竹作为育苗母竹,在壤土或砂壤土的立地上采取斜埋秆栽植育苗的方法进行育苗效果比较好,成活率达到80%左右,每株每年平均发笋量达到5株左右,成竹率达到90%以上。采取地面覆盖或施用脱落酸的方法能确保竹苗免受冻害顺利过冬。
2.通过田间造林试验对比,结果表明：选取1～2年生、节芽数量较多、节芽或枝芽饱满、分枝较低,秆基芽眼肥大充实、根系发达、径粗2～5cm、不发侧枝、竹秆绿色、无病虫害的单株慈竹、青皮竹等丛生竹竹苗,采取斜埋秆挖穴栽植的方法,在南县境内选择质地疏松、肥沃湿润、保水保肥性能好、而且不渍水的壤土或砂壤土造林,造林效果良好,成活率达到85%以上,每株每年平均发笋量达到5.5株以上,成竹率达到90%以上。
3.采用田间完全随机区组试验的方法设计田间试验,并采用方差分析的方法进行数据分析,最后得出：竹林施肥采取挖沟埋施的方法,能有效的提高竹林的产量；在竹林内间作豆科植物可以以短养长,以耕代抚,降低林地土壤的水分蒸发,创造湿润、透气的土壤环境,能提高竹林地的土壤肥力,从而提高竹林的产量。
通过研究分析并总结出了引种丛生竹丰产栽培的配套技术措施,为南县大力发展竹产业提供了技术指导和理论依据。
Nan County symposia bamboo germless lack of resources, Nan County for large-scale development of bamboo industry to improve people's economic income and Nan County to maintain the ecological environment, Through from the West of Hunan Long Shan County, Sichuan Province and Jiangxi Province.This article made a preliminary exploration of bumper crop cultivate technology of Symposia Bamboos which are from Nan County through the massive field test, We made a system research mainly to the seedling cultivation technology, the forestation technology as well as the tube technology of Cluster Bamboo. The following conclusions:
1. Using the method of the field contrast test and randomized complete blocks test to analyze the seedling cultivation technology of Cluster Bamboo. The research analysis result showed:Choose the Neosinoealamus affinisKengf and the Bambusa tewtilis as the mother plants, which should be annual or biennial, the burl bud be quantity,the burl bud and branch bud be plump, the branch be less, stem base be hypertrophy and rich, root system be developed, DBH be 1-8 cm, Bamboo Stem be green, non-plant disease's. Adopting the method of slanting grows seedlings on the loam or the sandy loam to cultivate seedling, and the effect is quite good. The survival rate achieves about 80%, the germination quantity of every seeding achieves about 5 each year, and the bamboo rate achieves above 90%. Adopting the ground cover or employing abscise acid method can make sure the bamboo seeding be exempt from the freeze injury in winter.
2. Through the field forestation experiment contrast, the results show that selecting Neosinoealamus affinisKengf and the Bambusa tewtilis that are annual or biennial, and their burl bud be quantity, burl bud and branch bud be plump, branch be less, stem base be hypertrophy and rich, root system be developed, diameter of tree walk boo about 2-5cm, Bamboo stem be green, and non-plant disease's. And adopting the method of Oblique buried stem plant in point, forest in Nan County on the loam or the sandy loam which is loose texture, fertile moist, preserving moisture and fertility the performance good, and non-accumulated water. The forestation effect is good, the survival rate achieves above 85%, the germination quantity of every seeding achieve about 5.5 each year, and the bamboo rate achieves above 90%.
3. Designing field testing by the method of randomized complete blocks test, and using the variance analysis method to carry on the data analysis, can finally obtains: taking the way of trenching buried to fertilize the bamboo grove can effectively enhance the output; interpolating leguminous plant may to support long-short, to plow generation, reduce the moisture evaporation, create moist and breathable soil environment, enhance the soil fertility of the bamboo grove, and then enhance the output.
We summarized the supplementary technical measure of high yield cultivation of introduction Symposia bamboo after research and analyze and provided the technical guidance and the theory basis to the vigorous development of the bamboo industry in Nan County.
1.采用田间对比试验和完全随机区组试验的方法对丛生竹的育苗技术进行研究分析。研究分析结论显示：选1～2年生、节芽数量较多、节芽或枝芽饱满、分枝较低,秆基芽眼肥大充实、根系发达、胸径1～8cm、竹秆绿色、无病虫害的慈竹和青皮竹作为育苗母竹,在壤土或砂壤土的立地上采取斜埋秆栽植育苗的方法进行育苗效果比较好,成活率达到80%左右,每株每年平均发笋量达到5株左右,成竹率达到90%以上。采取地面覆盖或施用脱落酸的方法能确保竹苗免受冻害顺利过冬。
2.通过田间造林试验对比,结果表明：选取1～2年生、节芽数量较多、节芽或枝芽饱满、分枝较低,秆基芽眼肥大充实、根系发达、径粗2～5cm、不发侧枝、竹秆绿色、无病虫害的单株慈竹、青皮竹等丛生竹竹苗,采取斜埋秆挖穴栽植的方法,在南县境内选择质地疏松、肥沃湿润、保水保肥性能好、而且不渍水的壤土或砂壤土造林,造林效果良好,成活率达到85%以上,每株每年平均发笋量达到5.5株以上,成竹率达到90%以上。
3.采用田间完全随机区组试验的方法设计田间试验,并采用方差分析的方法进行数据分析,最后得出：竹林施肥采取挖沟埋施的方法,能有效的提高竹林的产量；在竹林内间作豆科植物可以以短养长,以耕代抚,降低林地土壤的水分蒸发,创造湿润、透气的土壤环境,能提高竹林地的土壤肥力,从而提高竹林的产量。
通过研究分析并总结出了引种丛生竹丰产栽培的配套技术措施,为南县大力发展竹产业提供了技术指导和理论依据。
Nan County symposia bamboo germless lack of resources, Nan County for large-scale development of bamboo industry to improve people's economic income and Nan County to maintain the ecological environment, Through from the West of Hunan Long Shan County, Sichuan Province and Jiangxi Province.This article made a preliminary exploration of bumper crop cultivate technology of Symposia Bamboos which are from Nan County through the massive field test, We made a system research mainly to the seedling cultivation technology, the forestation technology as well as the tube technology of Cluster Bamboo. The following conclusions:
1. Using the method of the field contrast test and randomized complete blocks test to analyze the seedling cultivation technology of Cluster Bamboo. The research analysis result showed:Choose the Neosinoealamus affinisKengf and the Bambusa tewtilis as the mother plants, which should be annual or biennial, the burl bud be quantity,the burl bud and branch bud be plump, the branch be less, stem base be hypertrophy and rich, root system be developed, DBH be 1-8 cm, Bamboo Stem be green, non-plant disease's. Adopting the method of slanting grows seedlings on the loam or the sandy loam to cultivate seedling, and the effect is quite good. The survival rate achieves about 80%, the germination quantity of every seeding achieves about 5 each year, and the bamboo rate achieves above 90%. Adopting the ground cover or employing abscise acid method can make sure the bamboo seeding be exempt from the freeze injury in winter.
2. Through the field forestation experiment contrast, the results show that selecting Neosinoealamus affinisKengf and the Bambusa tewtilis that are annual or biennial, and their burl bud be quantity, burl bud and branch bud be plump, branch be less, stem base be hypertrophy and rich, root system be developed, diameter of tree walk boo about 2-5cm, Bamboo stem be green, and non-plant disease's. And adopting the method of Oblique buried stem plant in point, forest in Nan County on the loam or the sandy loam which is loose texture, fertile moist, preserving moisture and fertility the performance good, and non-accumulated water. The forestation effect is good, the survival rate achieves above 85%, the germination quantity of every seeding achieve about 5.5 each year, and the bamboo rate achieves above 90%.
3. Designing field testing by the method of randomized complete blocks test, and using the variance analysis method to carry on the data analysis, can finally obtains: taking the way of trenching buried to fertilize the bamboo grove can effectively enhance the output; interpolating leguminous plant may to support long-short, to plow generation, reduce the moisture evaporation, create moist and breathable soil environment, enhance the soil fertility of the bamboo grove, and then enhance the output.
We summarized the supplementary technical measure of high yield cultivation of introduction Symposia bamboo after research and analyze and provided the technical guidance and the theory basis to the vigorous development of the bamboo industry in Nan County.
引文
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