明代医家针刺补泻手法的文献研究
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摘要
目的:本课题通过对明代医家著作中有关针刺补泻手法的内容进行全面的整理研究,旨在通过比较、分析明代医家针刺补泻手法的操作方法,归纳技术要领和总结临床应用规律,以期达到古为今用,在深入挖掘古代医家针法操作优点的基础上,结合现代针灸临床实践,对古代针刺补泻手法进行发扬改进的目的,同时也提供翔实的文献依据,进而推动针刺补泻手法的规范化研究和针刺手法的发展。
方法:广泛收集了明代医家著作的原始资料,通过文献研究方法对所收集的资料进行了筛选、整理、归纳工作。选择明代有代表性的针灸医家徐凤的《针灸大全》、汪机的《针灸问对》、李梴《医学入门》、陈会《神应经》、吴崑《针方六集》、杨继洲的《针灸大成》、凌汉章《针灸内篇》、李玉《治病针法》等对其针刺手法的学术思想进行了梳理、归纳和整理,对徐凤、汪机、李梴、吴崑、杨继洲、高武、凌汉章、李玉、陈会的针刺补泻手法技术特点进行了整理和剖析,分单式补泻和复式补泻两大类对各种补泻手法方法的操作对比分析,包括徐疾补泻、开阖补泻、呼吸补泻、迎随补泻、提插补泻、捻转补泻、平补平泻、九六补泻等8种单式补泻手法和烧山火、透天凉、青龙摆尾、白虎摇头、苍龟探穴、赤凤迎源、龙虎交战、子午捣臼、龙虎升降、运气法、纳气法、留气法、交经法、汗吐下三法、子母补泻、纳支补泻等16种复式补泻手法,列举了明代各医家对针法操作的叙述,对各家针法的技术要领进行了阐发,并结合临床应用进行了举例说明,全方面进行客观评价和总结。
结果:通过对明代医家针刺补泻手法的整理、比较、分析,进一步提炼和总结明代医家针刺补泻方法的精萃部分,探索明代医家针刺手法治疗的规律,力求形成以文化和学术理论为支撑的明代医家针法体系,结合现代针灸临床应用,初步总结出明代医家针刺补泻手法的特点。
结论:古代对针刺补泻手法的记载和论述多有不同,并各具特点。尤以明代医家的观点为多且引用较广。在临床实践过程中,应该根据实际的情况进行比较选用,从而取得良好的治疗效果。在继承传统古代针法的过程中,我们应该对各种补泻手法的论述进行全面整理和分析,全面继承古代医家针法的精髓,结合临床实际,发挥古代的针法技术应有的作用,更好的指导和服务于现代针灸临床实践。
Objective: To this subject of the Ming Dynasty on the writings of physicians of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing practices organize the contents of a comprehensive study aimed at comparative analysis of the Ming dynasty physician practices acupuncture reinforcing-reducing method of operation, summarized in the technical essentials and summarize the clinical application of the law, to achieve the past serve the present, in-depth excavation of the ancient doctors of the merits of the needle method is based on the combination of modern clinical practice of acupuncture, the ancient practices of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing improvements for the purpose of promoting, but also provide detailed documentation of the basis for further promotion of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing methods of standardization of acupuncture research and development practices.
Method: Acupuncture appears to work in the Ming Dynasty, "Encyclopedia of acupuncture", "acupuncture Dacheng," "acupuncture poly-British", "ask for acupuncture," "Introduction to Medicine", "needle side six sets", "category by the map-wing" and other relevant acupuncture approach to organize the exposition, combined with modern clinical applications, carefully organize, summarize, sum up, analysis.
Result: Hope that through the Ming Dynasty medicine acupuncture reinforcing-reducing practices collation, comparison, analysis, further refinement and summarize the Ming Dynasty medicine acupuncture reinforcing-reducing method of the essence in part, to explore the Ming Dynasty physician practices acupuncture treatment law, and strive to form a cultural and academic theories as the support of the Ming Dynasty medicine acupuncture system, combined with modern clinical application of acupuncture, in an effort to inherit on a better basis for carrying forward and innovation, to promote the development of modern acupuncture techniques to make little contribution.
Conclusion: Ancient practices of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing paper records and many have different, and each with the characteristics. Especially in the Ming Dynasty's medical opinion and cited for many broader. In clinical practice, should be based on comparing the situation of the actual selection, to obtain a good therapeutic effect. At the succession of the ancient tradition of acupuncture, we should all work to conduct a comprehensive exposition of the collation and analysis, a comprehensive succession at home in ancient medical acupuncture on the essence of the foundation, combined with clinical practice, to play the ancient technique of acupuncture should be the role of better guidance and services in modern clinical practice of acupuncture.
方法:广泛收集了明代医家著作的原始资料,通过文献研究方法对所收集的资料进行了筛选、整理、归纳工作。选择明代有代表性的针灸医家徐凤的《针灸大全》、汪机的《针灸问对》、李梴《医学入门》、陈会《神应经》、吴崑《针方六集》、杨继洲的《针灸大成》、凌汉章《针灸内篇》、李玉《治病针法》等对其针刺手法的学术思想进行了梳理、归纳和整理,对徐凤、汪机、李梴、吴崑、杨继洲、高武、凌汉章、李玉、陈会的针刺补泻手法技术特点进行了整理和剖析,分单式补泻和复式补泻两大类对各种补泻手法方法的操作对比分析,包括徐疾补泻、开阖补泻、呼吸补泻、迎随补泻、提插补泻、捻转补泻、平补平泻、九六补泻等8种单式补泻手法和烧山火、透天凉、青龙摆尾、白虎摇头、苍龟探穴、赤凤迎源、龙虎交战、子午捣臼、龙虎升降、运气法、纳气法、留气法、交经法、汗吐下三法、子母补泻、纳支补泻等16种复式补泻手法,列举了明代各医家对针法操作的叙述,对各家针法的技术要领进行了阐发,并结合临床应用进行了举例说明,全方面进行客观评价和总结。
结果:通过对明代医家针刺补泻手法的整理、比较、分析,进一步提炼和总结明代医家针刺补泻方法的精萃部分,探索明代医家针刺手法治疗的规律,力求形成以文化和学术理论为支撑的明代医家针法体系,结合现代针灸临床应用,初步总结出明代医家针刺补泻手法的特点。
结论:古代对针刺补泻手法的记载和论述多有不同,并各具特点。尤以明代医家的观点为多且引用较广。在临床实践过程中,应该根据实际的情况进行比较选用,从而取得良好的治疗效果。在继承传统古代针法的过程中,我们应该对各种补泻手法的论述进行全面整理和分析,全面继承古代医家针法的精髓,结合临床实际,发挥古代的针法技术应有的作用,更好的指导和服务于现代针灸临床实践。
Objective: To this subject of the Ming Dynasty on the writings of physicians of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing practices organize the contents of a comprehensive study aimed at comparative analysis of the Ming dynasty physician practices acupuncture reinforcing-reducing method of operation, summarized in the technical essentials and summarize the clinical application of the law, to achieve the past serve the present, in-depth excavation of the ancient doctors of the merits of the needle method is based on the combination of modern clinical practice of acupuncture, the ancient practices of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing improvements for the purpose of promoting, but also provide detailed documentation of the basis for further promotion of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing methods of standardization of acupuncture research and development practices.
Method: Acupuncture appears to work in the Ming Dynasty, "Encyclopedia of acupuncture", "acupuncture Dacheng," "acupuncture poly-British", "ask for acupuncture," "Introduction to Medicine", "needle side six sets", "category by the map-wing" and other relevant acupuncture approach to organize the exposition, combined with modern clinical applications, carefully organize, summarize, sum up, analysis.
Result: Hope that through the Ming Dynasty medicine acupuncture reinforcing-reducing practices collation, comparison, analysis, further refinement and summarize the Ming Dynasty medicine acupuncture reinforcing-reducing method of the essence in part, to explore the Ming Dynasty physician practices acupuncture treatment law, and strive to form a cultural and academic theories as the support of the Ming Dynasty medicine acupuncture system, combined with modern clinical application of acupuncture, in an effort to inherit on a better basis for carrying forward and innovation, to promote the development of modern acupuncture techniques to make little contribution.
Conclusion: Ancient practices of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing paper records and many have different, and each with the characteristics. Especially in the Ming Dynasty's medical opinion and cited for many broader. In clinical practice, should be based on comparing the situation of the actual selection, to obtain a good therapeutic effect. At the succession of the ancient tradition of acupuncture, we should all work to conduct a comprehensive exposition of the collation and analysis, a comprehensive succession at home in ancient medical acupuncture on the essence of the foundation, combined with clinical practice, to play the ancient technique of acupuncture should be the role of better guidance and services in modern clinical practice of acupuncture.
引文
[1]明杨继洲,针灸大成,北京人民卫生出版社,1973
[1]黑龙江省祖国医药研究所,针灸大成校释,北京人民卫生出版社,1984
[2]明徐凤撰,针灸大全,北京人民卫生出版社,1958
[3]明李梴,医学入门,上海:校经山房石印本
[4]明高武,针灸聚英,上海:上海科技出版社,1961
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[9]邓良月,中国针灸证治通鉴,青岛:青岛出版社,1995
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[20]赵耀东.传统针灸方法和现代针灸运用技术关系探讨.甘肃中医学院学院.2005;22(1):10
[21]赵凯,窦伟,范雪芹,等.从历代针灸文献看我国针灸学的发展.中国针灸.2004;20(4):180
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[24]严善馀等.明代医家徐凤针灸学术思想精萃.中医药学刊.2003;21(11):1936
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[26]朱勇,等.杨继洲截担补补泻法简析.针灸临床杂志.2003;19(11):1
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[29]岳公雷,王富春,闫冰,洪杰.古今医家白虎摇头针法探析.四川中医.2007;25(11):100
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[1]黑龙江省祖国医药研究所,针灸大成校释,北京人民卫生出版社,1984
[2]明徐凤撰,针灸大全,北京人民卫生出版社,1958
[3]明李梴,医学入门,上海:校经山房石印本
[4]明高武,针灸聚英,上海:上海科技出版社,1961
[5]明汪机,针灸问对,江苏科学技术出版社,1981
[6]陆寿康,刺法灸法学,北京:中国中医药出版社,2003
[7]陆寿康,针刺手法百家集成,北京:中国中医药出版社,1995
[8]陆寿康,针刺手法一百种,北京人民卫生出版社,1987
[9]邓良月,中国针灸证治通鉴,青岛:青岛出版社,1995
[10]魏稼,高希言.各家针灸学说,北京:中国中医药出版社,2007
[11]吴富东.针灸医籍选,北京:中国中医药出版社,2003
[12]黄龙祥,中国针灸刺灸法通鉴,青岛:青岛出版社,1995
[13]李复峰,针灸文献概论,哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1990
[14]吴月琴,试论杨继洲的针刺补泻特点,江苏中医,1994;15(12):32-33
[15]乌品嘉,浅谈杨继洲《针灸大成》的学术思想,江苏中医,1992年,第7期:20-22
[16]王富春.实用针灸技术.吉林:吉林科技出版社,2006:5
[17]张潮,徐平.浅谈李鼎教授针灸经典文献研究特色.上海中医药大学学报,2007;21(4):7
[18]李志刚.《针灸大成》对针法灸法学的贡献.针灸临床杂志.2005;21(10):3
[19]张振晖.《子午流注针法》的学术贡献.上海针灸杂志.2005;24(4):32
[20]赵耀东.传统针灸方法和现代针灸运用技术关系探讨.甘肃中医学院学院.2005;22(1):10
[21]赵凯,窦伟,范雪芹,等.从历代针灸文献看我国针灸学的发展.中国针灸.2004;20(4):180
[22]李铁,高颖,王富春.古代呼吸补泻针法对比分析.亚太传统医药.2007;(5):5
[23]李鼎.明代李玉的家传与《治病针法》.上海中医药杂志.1998; (11):32
[24]严善馀等.明代医家徐凤针灸学术思想精萃.中医药学刊.2003;21(11):1936
[25]杭宇飞.明代针灸家凌汗章针法探秘.针灸临床杂志.2002;18(2):46
[26]朱勇,等.杨继洲截担补补泻法简析.针灸临床杂志.2003;19(11):1
[27]莫芳萍,吴滨,张永玲.针灸学的发展现状及展望.针灸临床杂志.2004;20(12):52
[28]刘磊,王富春.古今医家青龙摆尾针法技术对比分析.辽宁中医药大学学报.2007;9(6):19
[29]岳公雷,王富春,闫冰,洪杰.古今医家白虎摇头针法探析.四川中医.2007;25(11):100
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