结构及工艺参数变化对双喷嘴挡板阀性能影响的研究
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摘要
电液伺服阀由于具有高性能、高可靠性、低功耗、体积小以及重量轻等特点，在航空航天领域得到了广泛的应用。具有代表性的双喷嘴挡板力反馈两级电液伺服阀，其前置放大级为双喷嘴挡板阀，其性能的优劣对整个电液伺服阀的性能有着重要的影响。本文依据某航天科工集团研究院的委托项目，首先对两级电液伺服阀的前置放大级——双喷嘴挡板阀的结构参数和工艺参数变化对其性能的影响进行研究，来寻求双喷嘴挡板阀的最佳参数，其次对双喷嘴挡板阀流固耦合方程及影响因素进行分析，最后对影响双喷嘴挡板阀性能影响的主要参数进行实验研究。
文中首先针对某航天科工集团研究院的双喷嘴挡板伺服阀的先导级——双喷嘴挡板阀建立数值模拟计算模型，采用流场数值模拟分析方法对力反馈两级电液伺服阀的前置级液压放大级——双喷嘴挡板阀在结构参数变化时的不同流场进行对比分析研究，如：固定节流孔的直径、长度、内夹角、腔内径；喷嘴直径、长度、内外夹角、腔内径和端面直径；回油节流孔直径以及零位间隙等结构参数，分析了各种参数下双喷嘴挡板阀的流场特性，并计算流量系数和功率损失，同时应用正交试验法对流场数值模拟结果进行分析，找到影响双喷嘴挡板阀性能参数的主次因素，同时也得出功率损失最小时的最佳的参数组合。
其次对工艺参数变化如：供油压力、回油压力、油液温度和挡板偏转角变化时，对双喷嘴挡板阀性能影响的主次因素，并通过正交试验法建立不同参数下的数值模拟试验模型，通过数值模拟分析和计算，找到影响阀性能的主次参数和最佳参数组合。
再次对基于流固耦合，将挡板组件的变形挠度方程、挡板与喷嘴间的径向压差流动方程作为协调方程，将其带入伺服阀内部的压力—流量方程组中，建立双喷嘴挡板阀的流固耦合方程，分析挡板刚度对于双喷嘴挡板力反馈伺服阀性能的影响。而后应用正交试验法分析双喷嘴挡板阀参数变化时对压力、流量的影响，同时也对挡板刚度对伺服阀性能的影响进行分析，研究结果对双喷嘴挡板力反馈伺服阀的挡板—反馈弹簧杆的设计具有一定的参考价值。
最后以某航天科工集团研究院提供的某种型号的双喷嘴挡板伺服阀为测试对象，对改变阀的固定节流孔直径、喷嘴挡板间隙以及油液温度这三种情况的静耗量进行测试研究，并与前述数值计算获得的结果相比较，验证所建立的计算模型以及数值模拟的正确性，所做研究对双喷嘴挡板伺服阀的设计和分析具有参考价值。
Electro-hydraulic servo valve has the advantages of high performance, high reliability,low power consumption and small size, light weight and other characteristics, so it is usedwidely in aviation and aerospace in electro-hydraulic servo system. At present, doublenozzle flapper force feedback two-stage servo valve is representative, the first stage ofwhich is double nozzle flapper valve, its performance has an important influence on theperformance of the electro-hydraulic servo valve. This paper takes a commissioned projectof one aviation group company as the background, analyzing characteristics of thepreamplifier stage of the two-stage servo valve——double nozzle flapper valve, whenchanging the structural and technical parameters, searching the best parameters; Andestablishing function of the double nozzle flapper valve which basing on fluid-solidcoupling, and analysis the influencing factors; Setting experimental research on doublenozzle flapper valve of the main parameters that influencing the performance of thedouble nozzle flapper valve.
In this thesis, numerical simulation model of different structural parametercombination of the double nozzle flapper valve is established firstly, which aimed at thepreamplifier stage of double nozzle flapper servo valve of one group company. Thesestructural parameters such as: the diameter, the length, the inner angle, the cavity diameterof the fixed orifice; and the diameter, the length, the inner and outer angle, the cavitydiameter, the transverse diameter of the nozzle; the diameter of the return oil orifice andzero distance and so on. Analyzing the the interior flow field performance of the doublenozzle flapper valve, and caculating the flow efficient and the power loss, usingorthogonal test method to find out the primary and secondary factors that affecting itsperformance, and the same time find out the best parameter combination of the doublenozzle servo valve which has the minimum power loss.
Secondly, the changing of the working condition can influence the flow field of thedouble nozzle flapper servo valve, such as oil supply pressure, oil return pressure, oiltemperature and baffle deflection, and so on. In order to study the primary and secondary factors affecting the flow field when these external parameters change, by usingorthogonal test method to establish numerical simulation model that has differentparameters, through analysis and calculation finding out the best parameter combinationthat has the minimum power loss.
And then, with the changing of the parameters of the double nozzle flapper valve theflow field will be changed, the same time the changing flow field will effect on the flapper,based on the fluid-solid coupling effect, the mathematics model of the doubleflapper-nozzle servo valve with the elastic flapper was established, and the influence ofthe stiffness of the flapper on the performance of the servo valve was analyzed.Orthogonal test is used to analyze the changing of the pressure and the flow field of thedouble nozzle flapper valve when changing the parameters, the proposed researchanalyzes the influence of the flapper stiffness on the double flapper-nozzle servo valve,and provides the theoretical basis for the design of the flapper-nozzle force feedback servovalve.
Lastly, with one certain type of double nozzle flapper servo valve as the experimentaltest object which provides by one group company, testing the static consumption of thevalve when changing the the fixed orifice diameter, distance between nozzle and flapper,and the oil temperature, and then comparing with the numerical results obtained, findingthat experimental testing and numerical calculation results are basically identical, whichverified the correctness of the calculation model and numerical simulation, which has areference value for the design and analysis of the double nozzle flapper servo valve.
文中首先针对某航天科工集团研究院的双喷嘴挡板伺服阀的先导级——双喷嘴挡板阀建立数值模拟计算模型，采用流场数值模拟分析方法对力反馈两级电液伺服阀的前置级液压放大级——双喷嘴挡板阀在结构参数变化时的不同流场进行对比分析研究，如：固定节流孔的直径、长度、内夹角、腔内径；喷嘴直径、长度、内外夹角、腔内径和端面直径；回油节流孔直径以及零位间隙等结构参数，分析了各种参数下双喷嘴挡板阀的流场特性，并计算流量系数和功率损失，同时应用正交试验法对流场数值模拟结果进行分析，找到影响双喷嘴挡板阀性能参数的主次因素，同时也得出功率损失最小时的最佳的参数组合。
其次对工艺参数变化如：供油压力、回油压力、油液温度和挡板偏转角变化时，对双喷嘴挡板阀性能影响的主次因素，并通过正交试验法建立不同参数下的数值模拟试验模型，通过数值模拟分析和计算，找到影响阀性能的主次参数和最佳参数组合。
再次对基于流固耦合，将挡板组件的变形挠度方程、挡板与喷嘴间的径向压差流动方程作为协调方程，将其带入伺服阀内部的压力—流量方程组中，建立双喷嘴挡板阀的流固耦合方程，分析挡板刚度对于双喷嘴挡板力反馈伺服阀性能的影响。而后应用正交试验法分析双喷嘴挡板阀参数变化时对压力、流量的影响，同时也对挡板刚度对伺服阀性能的影响进行分析，研究结果对双喷嘴挡板力反馈伺服阀的挡板—反馈弹簧杆的设计具有一定的参考价值。
最后以某航天科工集团研究院提供的某种型号的双喷嘴挡板伺服阀为测试对象，对改变阀的固定节流孔直径、喷嘴挡板间隙以及油液温度这三种情况的静耗量进行测试研究，并与前述数值计算获得的结果相比较，验证所建立的计算模型以及数值模拟的正确性，所做研究对双喷嘴挡板伺服阀的设计和分析具有参考价值。
Electro-hydraulic servo valve has the advantages of high performance, high reliability,low power consumption and small size, light weight and other characteristics, so it is usedwidely in aviation and aerospace in electro-hydraulic servo system. At present, doublenozzle flapper force feedback two-stage servo valve is representative, the first stage ofwhich is double nozzle flapper valve, its performance has an important influence on theperformance of the electro-hydraulic servo valve. This paper takes a commissioned projectof one aviation group company as the background, analyzing characteristics of thepreamplifier stage of the two-stage servo valve——double nozzle flapper valve, whenchanging the structural and technical parameters, searching the best parameters; Andestablishing function of the double nozzle flapper valve which basing on fluid-solidcoupling, and analysis the influencing factors; Setting experimental research on doublenozzle flapper valve of the main parameters that influencing the performance of thedouble nozzle flapper valve.
In this thesis, numerical simulation model of different structural parametercombination of the double nozzle flapper valve is established firstly, which aimed at thepreamplifier stage of double nozzle flapper servo valve of one group company. Thesestructural parameters such as: the diameter, the length, the inner angle, the cavity diameterof the fixed orifice; and the diameter, the length, the inner and outer angle, the cavitydiameter, the transverse diameter of the nozzle; the diameter of the return oil orifice andzero distance and so on. Analyzing the the interior flow field performance of the doublenozzle flapper valve, and caculating the flow efficient and the power loss, usingorthogonal test method to find out the primary and secondary factors that affecting itsperformance, and the same time find out the best parameter combination of the doublenozzle servo valve which has the minimum power loss.
Secondly, the changing of the working condition can influence the flow field of thedouble nozzle flapper servo valve, such as oil supply pressure, oil return pressure, oiltemperature and baffle deflection, and so on. In order to study the primary and secondary factors affecting the flow field when these external parameters change, by usingorthogonal test method to establish numerical simulation model that has differentparameters, through analysis and calculation finding out the best parameter combinationthat has the minimum power loss.
And then, with the changing of the parameters of the double nozzle flapper valve theflow field will be changed, the same time the changing flow field will effect on the flapper,based on the fluid-solid coupling effect, the mathematics model of the doubleflapper-nozzle servo valve with the elastic flapper was established, and the influence ofthe stiffness of the flapper on the performance of the servo valve was analyzed.Orthogonal test is used to analyze the changing of the pressure and the flow field of thedouble nozzle flapper valve when changing the parameters, the proposed researchanalyzes the influence of the flapper stiffness on the double flapper-nozzle servo valve,and provides the theoretical basis for the design of the flapper-nozzle force feedback servovalve.
Lastly, with one certain type of double nozzle flapper servo valve as the experimentaltest object which provides by one group company, testing the static consumption of thevalve when changing the the fixed orifice diameter, distance between nozzle and flapper,and the oil temperature, and then comparing with the numerical results obtained, findingthat experimental testing and numerical calculation results are basically identical, whichverified the correctness of the calculation model and numerical simulation, which has areference value for the design and analysis of the double nozzle flapper servo valve.
引文
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