空气垫基本力学与缓冲性能试验研究
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摘要
为减少包装废弃物的污染,寻找新的缓冲包装材料和包装技术是当务之急。作为一种新型有发展前途的缓冲包装材料,即在塑料薄膜中充入压力气体的“空气垫”,近年来已开始应用于多种产品的缓冲包装,但目前其承载特性、缓冲机理等性能的研究目前只是刚刚开始。本课题针对不同规格的塑料空气垫进行准静态压缩实验,测定分析其承载性能,初步表征其缓冲性能与变形行为,为该类缓冲材料与结构的应用、产品开发提供技术依据。
基于准静态压缩试验,分析充气压力、结构尺寸、压缩速度对空气垫承载能力的影响。结果表明,总体上随着充气压力的增大,空气垫承载力有所提高。但对不同规格试样表现有差异,对小规格空气垫,其充气压力对承载力影响较为显著,但随着规格尺寸增大,其影响显著性不大;同时发现在压缩量相同的情况下,空气垫结构尺寸越小,其压缩载荷越大;在低速率压缩条件下,空气垫承载能力与压缩速度几乎无关。
基于空气垫压缩过程中的结构尺寸与内压变化,建立了空气垫承载力的理论计算公式,基于空气垫压缩—变形特征,应用缓冲材料正切型模型表征空气垫压缩变形特征,进行承载力的理论预测与试验结果的分析比较。结果发现理论模型和试验值在压缩量较小时误差较大;随着压缩变形、空气垫规格尺寸增大,相应理论模型和试验结果吻合性提高。
通过试验与理论分析,获得了空气垫缓冲系数—压缩应力特征关系,分析相关参数对其缓冲性能的影响。总体上空气垫材料表现出良好的缓冲性能。当承载应力较小时,空气垫缓冲系数变化幅度很大,缓冲性能不稳定;而当承载应力到达一定值时,空气垫表现出稳定的缓冲性能。对应小规格空气垫,随着压缩应力的增大,其缓冲系数趋于一稳定值;对应大规格空气垫,当充气压力超过某一值时,充气压力增加,缓冲系数随之增大。即对于大规格的空气垫,需要适当设计选择空气垫的承载,才能保持其最佳的缓冲性能。
对空气垫缓冲包装设计方法进行初探,指出其缓冲垫设计的基本过程。
For reducing pollution to pack offal,it is exigent to look for new buffer packing materials and packaging technology.As a new kind of rising buffer packing materials, i.e.fill in the plastic sheeting on "air cushion" which enters the gas of pressure,has already begun to apply to the buffer packaging of many kinds of products in recent years,but the research of its performance of bearing the weight of the characteristic and buffering mechanism etc.has just just begun at present.This study does the quasi static compressing experiment to the plastic air cushion of different specifications, determines and analyzes performance of bearing the weight,signifies buffer performance and behavior out of shape tentatively,offers the technological basis for the application of this kind of buffer packing material and structure,and the product development.
On the basis of the quasi static compressing test,the study analyzes the effect of the pressure of filling atmospheric,physical dimension,the speed of compressing to the air cushion bearing capacity of the pace.The result indicates,with filling the increase of the strength of atmospheric pressure generally,the air cushion bears the weight of strength to improve to some extent.But it displays difference to different specifications sample:To the air cushion of small specification,it is comparatively prominent that it influences the strength of bearing the weight of that it fills strength of atmospheric pressure,but as the specification size increases,it influences significance not to be big;And when compressing amount is the same,air cushion physical dimension is less,its compress load is louder;when the compressing speed is low,the air cushion bearing capacity nearly has nothing to do with compressing the pace.
On the basis of the change of physical dimension and inside pressure in the course of compressing,the study sets up air cushion bear the weight of theory of strength calculate formulae.On the basis of compression—deformation,employing the tangent type model of padded coaming to signify the compressing deformation of air cushion,the study predict the bearing the weight of strength and compares with analysis of the test result.The result indicates that the compressing amount is less in the theory model and testing value,the error is relatively great;with the increase of the compressing deformation and cushion specification size,the corresponding theory model and test result are improved identically.
The study gets the relation of the cushion buffer coefficient of air cushions and compressing stress,and analyzes the influence of relevant parameters to the buffering performance.Generally,the air cushion material demonstrates good buffer performance.When bearing the weight of the stress is smaller,the change of the air cushion buffers coefficient is very greater,and buffer performance is unstable;when the bearing the weight of the stress is up to certain value,the air cushion demonstrates stable buffer performance.Correspond to small specification air cushion,with increase to compressing stress,it buffer coefficient is prone to stable;Correspond to the big specification air cushion,when it exceeds a certain value to fill the strength of atmospheric pressuring,fills the strength of atmospheric pressure increase,buffer coefficient increases thereupon.That is to say,for keeping its best buffer performance, it needs design appropriate bearing the weight of air cushion to the big specification air cushion.
The study try to find out the design method of air cushion using in buffer liners, and point out the basic course of design buffer liners.
基于准静态压缩试验,分析充气压力、结构尺寸、压缩速度对空气垫承载能力的影响。结果表明,总体上随着充气压力的增大,空气垫承载力有所提高。但对不同规格试样表现有差异,对小规格空气垫,其充气压力对承载力影响较为显著,但随着规格尺寸增大,其影响显著性不大;同时发现在压缩量相同的情况下,空气垫结构尺寸越小,其压缩载荷越大;在低速率压缩条件下,空气垫承载能力与压缩速度几乎无关。
基于空气垫压缩过程中的结构尺寸与内压变化,建立了空气垫承载力的理论计算公式,基于空气垫压缩—变形特征,应用缓冲材料正切型模型表征空气垫压缩变形特征,进行承载力的理论预测与试验结果的分析比较。结果发现理论模型和试验值在压缩量较小时误差较大;随着压缩变形、空气垫规格尺寸增大,相应理论模型和试验结果吻合性提高。
通过试验与理论分析,获得了空气垫缓冲系数—压缩应力特征关系,分析相关参数对其缓冲性能的影响。总体上空气垫材料表现出良好的缓冲性能。当承载应力较小时,空气垫缓冲系数变化幅度很大,缓冲性能不稳定;而当承载应力到达一定值时,空气垫表现出稳定的缓冲性能。对应小规格空气垫,随着压缩应力的增大,其缓冲系数趋于一稳定值;对应大规格空气垫,当充气压力超过某一值时,充气压力增加,缓冲系数随之增大。即对于大规格的空气垫,需要适当设计选择空气垫的承载,才能保持其最佳的缓冲性能。
对空气垫缓冲包装设计方法进行初探,指出其缓冲垫设计的基本过程。
For reducing pollution to pack offal,it is exigent to look for new buffer packing materials and packaging technology.As a new kind of rising buffer packing materials, i.e.fill in the plastic sheeting on "air cushion" which enters the gas of pressure,has already begun to apply to the buffer packaging of many kinds of products in recent years,but the research of its performance of bearing the weight of the characteristic and buffering mechanism etc.has just just begun at present.This study does the quasi static compressing experiment to the plastic air cushion of different specifications, determines and analyzes performance of bearing the weight,signifies buffer performance and behavior out of shape tentatively,offers the technological basis for the application of this kind of buffer packing material and structure,and the product development.
On the basis of the quasi static compressing test,the study analyzes the effect of the pressure of filling atmospheric,physical dimension,the speed of compressing to the air cushion bearing capacity of the pace.The result indicates,with filling the increase of the strength of atmospheric pressure generally,the air cushion bears the weight of strength to improve to some extent.But it displays difference to different specifications sample:To the air cushion of small specification,it is comparatively prominent that it influences the strength of bearing the weight of that it fills strength of atmospheric pressure,but as the specification size increases,it influences significance not to be big;And when compressing amount is the same,air cushion physical dimension is less,its compress load is louder;when the compressing speed is low,the air cushion bearing capacity nearly has nothing to do with compressing the pace.
On the basis of the change of physical dimension and inside pressure in the course of compressing,the study sets up air cushion bear the weight of theory of strength calculate formulae.On the basis of compression—deformation,employing the tangent type model of padded coaming to signify the compressing deformation of air cushion,the study predict the bearing the weight of strength and compares with analysis of the test result.The result indicates that the compressing amount is less in the theory model and testing value,the error is relatively great;with the increase of the compressing deformation and cushion specification size,the corresponding theory model and test result are improved identically.
The study gets the relation of the cushion buffer coefficient of air cushions and compressing stress,and analyzes the influence of relevant parameters to the buffering performance.Generally,the air cushion material demonstrates good buffer performance.When bearing the weight of the stress is smaller,the change of the air cushion buffers coefficient is very greater,and buffer performance is unstable;when the bearing the weight of the stress is up to certain value,the air cushion demonstrates stable buffer performance.Correspond to small specification air cushion,with increase to compressing stress,it buffer coefficient is prone to stable;Correspond to the big specification air cushion,when it exceeds a certain value to fill the strength of atmospheric pressuring,fills the strength of atmospheric pressure increase,buffer coefficient increases thereupon.That is to say,for keeping its best buffer performance, it needs design appropriate bearing the weight of air cushion to the big specification air cushion.
The study try to find out the design method of air cushion using in buffer liners, and point out the basic course of design buffer liners.
引文
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[2]彭国勋.运输包装[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1999.
[3]张绍华.绿色包装工业和环境保护协调发展的最佳途径[J].中国包装,2001,(1).
[4]曹世普,郭奕崇,马玉林.纸浆模塑工业包装制品缓冲机理研究及有限元模拟[J].中国包装,2002,(7).
[5]高德.可降解缓冲包装材料的发展现状及发展前景[J].包装工程,2002,(5).
[6]曹绍文,吴其叶.发泡植物纤维缓冲包装材料[J].中国包装工业,2002,(9).
[7]张学金.实用包装技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993.
[8]王余良,孙蓉芳.包装辅助材料[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1988.
[9]骆光林.包装材料[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1996.
[10]刘喜生.包装材料学[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,1997.