高速公路隧道群营运安全管理技术研究
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摘要
近年来,随着国家及地方高速公路网规划的实施,在高速公路建设快速推进的今天,隧道特别是隧道群的建设成为重庆、福建、贵州、云南、浙江、陕西、广东等隧道集中省市的一道别具一格的风景,众多的隧道群,在为当地经济社会发展注入无限活力的同时,由于隧道群行车环境的特殊性,也引发了令业界堪忧的话题,这就是隧道群交通事故多发,如何从管理上提高隧道群营运安全性成为交通工程师、隧道运营企业、政府安全管理部门必须面临的挑战。
本论文题目是重庆交通科研设计院承担的西部交通建设科技项目《沪蓉西高速公路隧道(群)运营安全与节能技术研究》的子课题之一,研究目的在于从管理技术角度探寻提高高速公路隧道群运营安全性的理论与措施,为我国高速公路隧道群运营管理部门和政府安全管理部门提供决策参考。本论文在借鉴国内外先进运营管理成果与经验的基础上,形成了如下研究成果:一、基于安全度与危险度指数的高速公路隧道群营运安全分类方法;二、基于隧道分类与危险品编组的危险品车辆管理规则;三、高速公路隧道群应急管理体制的构建;四、具有中国特色的隧道管理者代表制度;五、基于可靠度与失效度的机电设施分周期管养对策;六、基于低劣化数值法的机电设施设备原型更换决策模型;七、机电设施设备“安全库存”政策;八、基于驾驶员信息量的高速公路隧道群养护区段安全推荐车速计算模型。最后应用研究成果,编制了《湖北省高速公路隧道(群)营运安全管理办法》,有利于推动高速公路隧道(群)营运安全管理朝着法制化、规范化发展。
In recent years, with the Implementation of highway network planning from district to state ,now construction of highways is in fast forward , the tunnel and especially the group of tunnels in Chongqing, Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Shanxi and Guangdong provinces which have lots of tunnels become a unique landscape. Many of the group of tunnels contribute local economic and social development to the infinite vitality, at the same time, as the group of tunnels traffic environment are unique, have also led to a worrisome topic of the industry, which is accident-prone group in the group of tunnels. From the management how to improve the operation safety in the group of tunnels is challenge, which is face to traffic engineers, the tunnel operators, and governmental security management department.
The subject of this paper is the subtopic of the science and technology project of western construction which is named as "Research on operation safety and energy conservation technology in the group of tunnels in highway of West of Shanghai-Chengdu" assumed by CHONGQING COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH & DESIGN INSTITUTE. The purpose of this paper is from a technical point of view at management to explore theory and measures which improve the security of the group of tunnels, and provide decision-making for the tunnel operators, and governmental security management department. This paper is on the basis of the formations which learn from advanced foreign experience and results of operations management, and forms research results as follows: First, the highway tunnel operating security classification based on safety and risk index; Second, the rules of management of dangerous goods vehicles based on the classification of the tunnel and the formation of dangerous goods; Third, build the system of emergency management in the group of highway tunnels; Fourth, the rules of behalf of the managers with Chinese characteristics; Fifth, sub-cycle of custody Countermeasures based on the degree of reliability and failure in mechanical and electrical facilities; Sixth, model of decision-making on equipment to replace the prototype based on the methods of inferior value; Seventh, "safety stock" policy; Eighth, computing model of recommended safety speed in the section of the conservation of the group of tunnels based on the amount of information the driver; Finally, with the application of research results, establishment "Operation Safety Management Approach on the Group of Tunnels in Hubei Province", which benefits to promote safety management of the group of highway tunnels towards legal and standard.
本论文题目是重庆交通科研设计院承担的西部交通建设科技项目《沪蓉西高速公路隧道(群)运营安全与节能技术研究》的子课题之一,研究目的在于从管理技术角度探寻提高高速公路隧道群运营安全性的理论与措施,为我国高速公路隧道群运营管理部门和政府安全管理部门提供决策参考。本论文在借鉴国内外先进运营管理成果与经验的基础上,形成了如下研究成果:一、基于安全度与危险度指数的高速公路隧道群营运安全分类方法;二、基于隧道分类与危险品编组的危险品车辆管理规则;三、高速公路隧道群应急管理体制的构建;四、具有中国特色的隧道管理者代表制度;五、基于可靠度与失效度的机电设施分周期管养对策;六、基于低劣化数值法的机电设施设备原型更换决策模型;七、机电设施设备“安全库存”政策;八、基于驾驶员信息量的高速公路隧道群养护区段安全推荐车速计算模型。最后应用研究成果,编制了《湖北省高速公路隧道(群)营运安全管理办法》,有利于推动高速公路隧道(群)营运安全管理朝着法制化、规范化发展。
In recent years, with the Implementation of highway network planning from district to state ,now construction of highways is in fast forward , the tunnel and especially the group of tunnels in Chongqing, Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Shanxi and Guangdong provinces which have lots of tunnels become a unique landscape. Many of the group of tunnels contribute local economic and social development to the infinite vitality, at the same time, as the group of tunnels traffic environment are unique, have also led to a worrisome topic of the industry, which is accident-prone group in the group of tunnels. From the management how to improve the operation safety in the group of tunnels is challenge, which is face to traffic engineers, the tunnel operators, and governmental security management department.
The subject of this paper is the subtopic of the science and technology project of western construction which is named as "Research on operation safety and energy conservation technology in the group of tunnels in highway of West of Shanghai-Chengdu" assumed by CHONGQING COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH & DESIGN INSTITUTE. The purpose of this paper is from a technical point of view at management to explore theory and measures which improve the security of the group of tunnels, and provide decision-making for the tunnel operators, and governmental security management department. This paper is on the basis of the formations which learn from advanced foreign experience and results of operations management, and forms research results as follows: First, the highway tunnel operating security classification based on safety and risk index; Second, the rules of management of dangerous goods vehicles based on the classification of the tunnel and the formation of dangerous goods; Third, build the system of emergency management in the group of highway tunnels; Fourth, the rules of behalf of the managers with Chinese characteristics; Fifth, sub-cycle of custody Countermeasures based on the degree of reliability and failure in mechanical and electrical facilities; Sixth, model of decision-making on equipment to replace the prototype based on the methods of inferior value; Seventh, "safety stock" policy; Eighth, computing model of recommended safety speed in the section of the conservation of the group of tunnels based on the amount of information the driver; Finally, with the application of research results, establishment "Operation Safety Management Approach on the Group of Tunnels in Hubei Province", which benefits to promote safety management of the group of highway tunnels towards legal and standard.
引文
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[3]Roads and Traffic Department."Road Safety Audits and Inspections"[M].Norwegian Public Roads Administration,2006.10
[4]Rob Eenink,Martine Reurings(SWOV),Rune Elvik(TOI),Joao Cardoso,Sofia Wichert(LNEC),Christian Stefan(KfV)."Accident Prediction Models and Road Safety Impact Assessment:recommendations for using these tools"[R].Norwegian Public Roads Administration,2008.02
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[6]杜益文.长大公路隧道避难联络通道设置间距研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文.2007.3
[7]European Union(2004)."Corrigendum to Directive 2004/54/EC of the EuropeanParliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the trans-European road network"[J].Official Journal of the European Union.2004.(17):56-76
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[9]Norwegian Public Roads Administration."Road Tunnel"[S].Printed by NPRA Printing Center.2004.04
[10]U.S.Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration."Underground Transportation System in Europe:Safety,Operations,and Emergency Response"[R].http://www.international.fhwa.dot.gov.2006.6
[11]H.Mashimo."State of the Road Tunnel Safety Technology in Japan"[J].Tunnelling and Underground Technology.2002.(17):47-52
[12]Colombo,A.G."Summary of lessons Learnt from Tunnel Accidents"[J].Nedies Project.2001.(11).35-43
[13]马俊峰.高等级公路隧道运营管理策略[C].2006年公路隧道运营管理与安全国际会议论文集.2006:3-9
[14]陈光明.乌池坝特长公路隧道消防与防灾救援设计[C].2006年公路隧道运营管理与安全国际会议论文集.2006:111-119
[15]韩直.公路隧道交通控制模式研究[J].公路交通技术.2004.(1):86-90
[16]夏永旭.公路隧道安全等级研究C].2006年公路隧道运营管理与安全国际会议论文集.2006:27-31
[17]蒋树屏.关于猫狸岭隧道火灾的调查与启示[J].地下空间.2002.(22):61-62
[18]韩直.公路隧道群通风控制节能技术研究[C].2006年公路隧道运营管理与安全国际会议论文集.2006:324
[19]裴玉龙.道路交通事故成因分析及预防对策研究[D].东南大学博士论文.2002
[20]Ruediger Lamm,Basil Psarianos,Theodor Mailaender." Highway Design and Traffic Safety Engineering Handbook".R.R.Donnelley & Sons Company.1999:9.23-9.56,8.3-8.4,8.31,6.4.
[21]于连栋,刘巧云等.失能眩光形成机理研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然版).2005.(08):61
[22]日本照明学会编.照明手册[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,1985
[23]H.Mashimo."Current state of road tunnel safety in Japan"[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2006.(2):145-152
[24]Code of practice for the design of road lighting Part 2:Lighting of tunnels[S].BS 5489-2:2003
[25]重庆交通科研设计院.JTG D70-2004.公路隧道设计规范[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2004
[26]重庆交通科研设计院.JTG/T D71-2004.公路隧道交通工程设计规范[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2004
[27]周永狄.长大双洞公路隧道火灾及防灾救援安全体系研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2006.6
[28]闫治国,杨其新等.易燃易爆物品车辆通过长大隧道的防火对策[J].地下空间与工程学报.2005.(2):289
[29]杨其新等.国内外隧道消防方法及火灾实例调研报告[R].成都:西南交通大学,1996
[30]袁雪戡,蒋树屏等.秦岭终南山特长公路隧道关键技术研究总报告[R].重庆交通科研设计院,2008
[31]吴维平,顾慧丽等.GB 6944—2005.危险货物分类和品名编号[S].北京:中国标准出版社.2005
[32]World Road Association."Safety in Tunnels--Transport of Dangerous Goods Through Road Tunnels"[R].2001
[33]汪应洛.系统工程学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.02
[34]寺野寿郎(日本).系统工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1980.09
[35]李学举,杨衍银等.灾害应急管理[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2005.01
[36]重庆市交通委员会.JTG H12-2003[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2003
[37]交通部重庆公路科学研究所.JTJ 026.1-1999.公路隧道通风照明设计规范.[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2000
[38]王美燕.公路隧道噪声预测及降噪措施研究[D].西北工业大学硕士论文.2007.3
[39]杜坤.长大隧道驾驶员心理研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2006.6
[40]罗鑫.公路隧道健康状态诊断方法及系统的研究[D].同济大学博士论文.2007.3
[41]U.S.Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration."Highway and Rail Transit Tunnel Inspection Manual"[S].http:// www.international.fhwa.dot.gov.2005
[42]刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[43]贺常乐,欧志华.设备经济寿命计算方法的分析与比较[J].建设机械技术与管理.2005.(05):42-43
[44]Olszewski,Tom."Preventive maintenance tips for mining operations,"[J].Coal Age,Overland Park.2000(03):46
[45]应朝阳编译.关于行车速度及速度限制的交通安全研究综合报告(下).公安交通科技窗.2005.(04):25-26
[46]刘哲义.高速公路驾驶员生/心理特点对行车安全的危害与预防[J].公路交通科技.1999.(09):13
[47]黄晓勇,王学军.浅析驾驶员的视觉感知与安全行车[J].军用汽车管理.2000.(05):61
[48]郑南宁.计算机视觉与模式识别[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.12
[49]欧阳文昭.安全人机工程学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007.6
[50]王殿海.交通流理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.9
[2]Girish(Gary) N.Modi,P..E."Pennsylvania' s Comprehensive Strategic Highway Safety Improvement Plan"[R].Bureau of Highway Safety & Traffic Engineering Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,2006.10
[3]Roads and Traffic Department."Road Safety Audits and Inspections"[M].Norwegian Public Roads Administration,2006.10
[4]Rob Eenink,Martine Reurings(SWOV),Rune Elvik(TOI),Joao Cardoso,Sofia Wichert(LNEC),Christian Stefan(KfV)."Accident Prediction Models and Road Safety Impact Assessment:recommendations for using these tools"[R].Norwegian Public Roads Administration,2008.02
[5]曾祥平.公路隧道交通安全预警理论与方法研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文.2008.3
[6]杜益文.长大公路隧道避难联络通道设置间距研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文.2007.3
[7]European Union(2004)."Corrigendum to Directive 2004/54/EC of the EuropeanParliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the trans-European road network"[J].Official Journal of the European Union.2004.(17):56-76
[8]UK Secretary of State for Transport."The Road Tunnel Safety Regulations 2007No.1520".2007.05
[9]Norwegian Public Roads Administration."Road Tunnel"[S].Printed by NPRA Printing Center.2004.04
[10]U.S.Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration."Underground Transportation System in Europe:Safety,Operations,and Emergency Response"[R].http://www.international.fhwa.dot.gov.2006.6
[11]H.Mashimo."State of the Road Tunnel Safety Technology in Japan"[J].Tunnelling and Underground Technology.2002.(17):47-52
[12]Colombo,A.G."Summary of lessons Learnt from Tunnel Accidents"[J].Nedies Project.2001.(11).35-43
[13]马俊峰.高等级公路隧道运营管理策略[C].2006年公路隧道运营管理与安全国际会议论文集.2006:3-9
[14]陈光明.乌池坝特长公路隧道消防与防灾救援设计[C].2006年公路隧道运营管理与安全国际会议论文集.2006:111-119
[15]韩直.公路隧道交通控制模式研究[J].公路交通技术.2004.(1):86-90
[16]夏永旭.公路隧道安全等级研究C].2006年公路隧道运营管理与安全国际会议论文集.2006:27-31
[17]蒋树屏.关于猫狸岭隧道火灾的调查与启示[J].地下空间.2002.(22):61-62
[18]韩直.公路隧道群通风控制节能技术研究[C].2006年公路隧道运营管理与安全国际会议论文集.2006:324
[19]裴玉龙.道路交通事故成因分析及预防对策研究[D].东南大学博士论文.2002
[20]Ruediger Lamm,Basil Psarianos,Theodor Mailaender." Highway Design and Traffic Safety Engineering Handbook".R.R.Donnelley & Sons Company.1999:9.23-9.56,8.3-8.4,8.31,6.4.
[21]于连栋,刘巧云等.失能眩光形成机理研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然版).2005.(08):61
[22]日本照明学会编.照明手册[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,1985
[23]H.Mashimo."Current state of road tunnel safety in Japan"[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2006.(2):145-152
[24]Code of practice for the design of road lighting Part 2:Lighting of tunnels[S].BS 5489-2:2003
[25]重庆交通科研设计院.JTG D70-2004.公路隧道设计规范[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2004
[26]重庆交通科研设计院.JTG/T D71-2004.公路隧道交通工程设计规范[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2004
[27]周永狄.长大双洞公路隧道火灾及防灾救援安全体系研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2006.6
[28]闫治国,杨其新等.易燃易爆物品车辆通过长大隧道的防火对策[J].地下空间与工程学报.2005.(2):289
[29]杨其新等.国内外隧道消防方法及火灾实例调研报告[R].成都:西南交通大学,1996
[30]袁雪戡,蒋树屏等.秦岭终南山特长公路隧道关键技术研究总报告[R].重庆交通科研设计院,2008
[31]吴维平,顾慧丽等.GB 6944—2005.危险货物分类和品名编号[S].北京:中国标准出版社.2005
[32]World Road Association."Safety in Tunnels--Transport of Dangerous Goods Through Road Tunnels"[R].2001
[33]汪应洛.系统工程学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.02
[34]寺野寿郎(日本).系统工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1980.09
[35]李学举,杨衍银等.灾害应急管理[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2005.01
[36]重庆市交通委员会.JTG H12-2003[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2003
[37]交通部重庆公路科学研究所.JTJ 026.1-1999.公路隧道通风照明设计规范.[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2000
[38]王美燕.公路隧道噪声预测及降噪措施研究[D].西北工业大学硕士论文.2007.3
[39]杜坤.长大隧道驾驶员心理研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2006.6
[40]罗鑫.公路隧道健康状态诊断方法及系统的研究[D].同济大学博士论文.2007.3
[41]U.S.Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration."Highway and Rail Transit Tunnel Inspection Manual"[S].http:// www.international.fhwa.dot.gov.2005
[42]刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[43]贺常乐,欧志华.设备经济寿命计算方法的分析与比较[J].建设机械技术与管理.2005.(05):42-43
[44]Olszewski,Tom."Preventive maintenance tips for mining operations,"[J].Coal Age,Overland Park.2000(03):46
[45]应朝阳编译.关于行车速度及速度限制的交通安全研究综合报告(下).公安交通科技窗.2005.(04):25-26
[46]刘哲义.高速公路驾驶员生/心理特点对行车安全的危害与预防[J].公路交通科技.1999.(09):13
[47]黄晓勇,王学军.浅析驾驶员的视觉感知与安全行车[J].军用汽车管理.2000.(05):61
[48]郑南宁.计算机视觉与模式识别[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.12
[49]欧阳文昭.安全人机工程学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007.6
[50]王殿海.交通流理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.9