CAPP系统中工艺数据的管理与应用
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摘要
计算机辅助工艺过程设计(Computer Aided Process Planning：CAPP)是连接CAD与CAM的桥梁，是许多先进制造系统的技术基础之一。CAPP作为企业信息化建设的核心，对企业信息化建设的成败起关键的作用。CAPP中产生的工艺资源数据以及对工艺数据的管理是企业生产活动的根本依据，没有CAPP的支持，ERP等管理系统也就无法从技术、工艺部门，自动、高效、准确、完整地获取制造过程所需要的资源数据信息。CAPP的重要性已被越来越多的企业所认识，选择一个适宜于本企业的CAPP系统，不但能充分发挥计算机辅助工艺设计的优越性，更能为企业级信息集成及ERP实施打下良好的基础。
本文通过对工艺资源数据的特点、分类、组织描述，提出了工艺资源库表的设计和工艺资源库的构建方案，建立了面向产品CAPP的工艺数据模型，分析了工艺数据与工艺设计的关系，并提出了关系模型、层次模型、网状模型和面向对象模型。
本文通过对工艺知识的分类的描述，提出了工艺知识的多种表达方法，指出了知识的获取过程、组织方式，研究了基于O-O的面向产品CAPP的工艺知识处理技术，实现了基于面向对象知识库管理系统的结构和设计。
现有的CAPP系统或工艺信息系统，一般借用关系型数据库或图文方式来处理工艺数据，可以解决部分工艺实际问题，对理论层次上的数据模型着墨不多。真正实用的CAPP系统应是针对实际工厂环境和零件类型的领域型CAPP系统，这已成为业界的共识。工艺数据种类多，内容复杂，如果能针对各类工艺数据构建实用的数据模型，则有利于领域型CAPP系统的设计。
通过构建以整个产品为应用对象，以产品的工艺数据为中心，集工艺设计过程、工艺资源管理、工艺知识管理为一体的交互式计算机应用系统，它可以减轻工艺设计人员繁重、重复的劳动，缩短生产准备周期，减少工艺设计过程中的费用，提高对市场变化的响应速度和竞争力。有利于实现企业内部的企业间资源信息的合理分配、利用和管理。为企业进一步实现计算机集成制造系统奠定了良好的基础。
Computer Aided process planning-CAPP is a bridge which connects with CAD and CAM and is one of technical basis of most advanced manufacturing system. Serving as nucleus of information construction of enterprises, CAPP is very important for information construction of enterprise. It is basic foundation of enterprise producing activity that CAPP emerge craft resource data which are managed, if there are not supporting of CAPP ,managing system such as ERP can not fully accurately completely acquire resource data information which is necessary for making process through technical and craft department. More and more Enterprises have learned to know the importance of CAPP system. Selecting some suitable systems for themselves not only fully develops superiority, but also settles fine bases for information integrating of enterprise level and ERP's implementation.
This paper puts forward craft resource design and constructing through the descriptions of feature, classification and organization of craft resource data, established craft resource model based O-O CAPP. With the help of analyzing the relationship between craft resource and craft design, This paper brings forward Relating model, Hierarchy model, Netted model and Oriented Object model.
This paper puts forward kinds of expressing ways of craft knowledge by describing craft knowledge classifying , points out its acquiring process and form of organizing , researches dealing with technical of facing product CAPP based on O-O, realizes structure and design of based O-O knowledge managing system.
Existing CAPP system or Processing information system deals with the craft resource by the way of related database or chart character which can partly solve some actual problems. There is little information about academic data model. It is known that a practical CAPP is aimed at enterprises environment and types of part. It called field CAPP. There are many kinds of craft dates which are complicated. If we can construct some fact data model catering to the kinds of craft resources, it is useful for the design of field CAPP.
Through constructing mutual computer applying system which takes whole process an applying object, looks craft data and center, links craft design, craft resource managing together. It relieves heavy and repeating work, shorten cycle of manufacturing preparing, reduces expenses of craft design process, enhances responding speed and competition to market changing, realizes craft information sharing benefits to achieve integration of enterprise product design, manufacturing, running, selling and material providing, benefits to complete resource information allocate reasonably inner enterprise and among enterprises. It establishes a nice base for enterprises to carry out CIMS.
本文通过对工艺资源数据的特点、分类、组织描述，提出了工艺资源库表的设计和工艺资源库的构建方案，建立了面向产品CAPP的工艺数据模型，分析了工艺数据与工艺设计的关系，并提出了关系模型、层次模型、网状模型和面向对象模型。
本文通过对工艺知识的分类的描述，提出了工艺知识的多种表达方法，指出了知识的获取过程、组织方式，研究了基于O-O的面向产品CAPP的工艺知识处理技术，实现了基于面向对象知识库管理系统的结构和设计。
现有的CAPP系统或工艺信息系统，一般借用关系型数据库或图文方式来处理工艺数据，可以解决部分工艺实际问题，对理论层次上的数据模型着墨不多。真正实用的CAPP系统应是针对实际工厂环境和零件类型的领域型CAPP系统，这已成为业界的共识。工艺数据种类多，内容复杂，如果能针对各类工艺数据构建实用的数据模型，则有利于领域型CAPP系统的设计。
通过构建以整个产品为应用对象，以产品的工艺数据为中心，集工艺设计过程、工艺资源管理、工艺知识管理为一体的交互式计算机应用系统，它可以减轻工艺设计人员繁重、重复的劳动，缩短生产准备周期，减少工艺设计过程中的费用，提高对市场变化的响应速度和竞争力。有利于实现企业内部的企业间资源信息的合理分配、利用和管理。为企业进一步实现计算机集成制造系统奠定了良好的基础。
Computer Aided process planning-CAPP is a bridge which connects with CAD and CAM and is one of technical basis of most advanced manufacturing system. Serving as nucleus of information construction of enterprises, CAPP is very important for information construction of enterprise. It is basic foundation of enterprise producing activity that CAPP emerge craft resource data which are managed, if there are not supporting of CAPP ,managing system such as ERP can not fully accurately completely acquire resource data information which is necessary for making process through technical and craft department. More and more Enterprises have learned to know the importance of CAPP system. Selecting some suitable systems for themselves not only fully develops superiority, but also settles fine bases for information integrating of enterprise level and ERP's implementation.
This paper puts forward craft resource design and constructing through the descriptions of feature, classification and organization of craft resource data, established craft resource model based O-O CAPP. With the help of analyzing the relationship between craft resource and craft design, This paper brings forward Relating model, Hierarchy model, Netted model and Oriented Object model.
This paper puts forward kinds of expressing ways of craft knowledge by describing craft knowledge classifying , points out its acquiring process and form of organizing , researches dealing with technical of facing product CAPP based on O-O, realizes structure and design of based O-O knowledge managing system.
Existing CAPP system or Processing information system deals with the craft resource by the way of related database or chart character which can partly solve some actual problems. There is little information about academic data model. It is known that a practical CAPP is aimed at enterprises environment and types of part. It called field CAPP. There are many kinds of craft dates which are complicated. If we can construct some fact data model catering to the kinds of craft resources, it is useful for the design of field CAPP.
Through constructing mutual computer applying system which takes whole process an applying object, looks craft data and center, links craft design, craft resource managing together. It relieves heavy and repeating work, shorten cycle of manufacturing preparing, reduces expenses of craft design process, enhances responding speed and competition to market changing, realizes craft information sharing benefits to achieve integration of enterprise product design, manufacturing, running, selling and material providing, benefits to complete resource information allocate reasonably inner enterprise and among enterprises. It establishes a nice base for enterprises to carry out CIMS.
引文
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[2] 童秉枢，田凌．产品数据管理系统实施中的信息建模[J]．计算机应用，2000：78～80
[3] 王细洋，万在红．CAPP的关键问题及其对策[J]．制造业自动化，2002．22(2)：25～29
[4] 房莉华，沈建新，廖文和．基于PDM的CAPP系统集成技术的研究与实现[J]．先进制造技术，2001．30(1)：31～34
[5] 劭婷，谢小轩．企业数字化管理系统的建立与研究，2000年10月17日．http://www.chinabbc.com.cn/
[6] 熊光楞．并行工程的理论与实践[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．5
[7] Eric. Naiburg, Robert. A. Masksimchuk.. UML数据库设计应用(陈立军，郭旭译)．北京：人们邮电出版社，2002
[8] 杨瑞尧，黄必清，刘文煌．UML在虚拟企业集成模型中的应用．计算机工程与应用，2001(20)：143～147
[9] 袁平鹏，陈刚，董金祥．BOM一致性维护．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2002．14(1)：83～86
[10] 张龙祥．UML与系统分析设计[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001．10
[11] 吴澄．现代集成制造系统导论—概念、方法、技术和应用[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2002．6
[12] 童秉柄，李建明．产品数据管理(PDM)技术[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2000．11
[13] 王莉娟，张旭．面向数字化制造的产品数据管理系统[J]．中国制造业信息化，2005．34(1)：69～72
[14] 王国瑞．面向产品CAPP工艺资源／知识管理分系统的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文]．天津：天津工业大学机械电子学院，2002
[15] 万在红，王细洋．工艺数据模型的研究[J]．现在制造，2003．12：79～82
[16] 徐静，曾盛绰，马俊燕．基于PDM系统的电子仓库设计方案研究[J]．装备制造技术，2004．4
[17] 冯站峰，倪小平，彭华等．PDM集成框架下CAPP与PDM的数据交换[J]．武汉理工大学学报，2002．24(3)：21～25
[18] 袁东红．SmarTeam—快速高效的企业级PDM系统[J]．软件世界，2001．10
[19] 李伟绮．异构环境下CAPP数据集成模式的研究与实现：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，2005
[20] Elmasri、Navathe．数据库系统基础(，张伶 王宇飞 杨健康)北京：中国电力出版社，2006
[21] 钟宇光．产品结构管理与CAPP技术研究[R]．哈尔滨工程大学，2002．2
[22] 罗先海，夏榆滨，张力．PDM／CAPP一体化开发模式研究与实现[J]．计算机与数字工程，2002．33(9)：7～11
[23] 李进，何卫平，延立，王海龙．面向敏捷制造的PDM系统的分析与UML建模[J]．制造业自动化，2005．26(5)：36～45
[24] 温小龙．基于PDM的CAPP系统的研究与开发[R]．北京理工大学，2002．10
[25] 奚万春，刘嘉勇．企业计算机辅助工艺(CAPP)系统的设计和实施[J]．电子机械工程，2005．12(3)：8～14
[26] 刘志峰，梁峰，朱华炳．基于产品结构树的CAPP系统开发技术[J]．农业机械学报，2004．35(2)：92～95
[27] 曹飞．面向产品的工艺数据数字化管理研究：[硕士学位论文]．合肥：合肥工业大学，2004
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[29] 马自勤，孙丽．产品结构树在CAPP信息管理中的应用[J]．大连铁道学院学报，2001．22(3)：85～90
[30] [德]M．马斯蒂安，武森，高学东．数据仓库与数据挖掘[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2003．9
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