基于能量和信号无线传输轧钢机接轴扭矩传感器的研究
|
摘要
随着钢铁轧制设备轧制强度的不断提高，对轧机主传动系统进行实时监测成了提高轧机轧制效率的关键。为解决目前轧机扭矩传感器研究中存在的能量无线供给问题和测量信号无线传输问题，本课题采用应变式扭矩测量技术和无线电技术相结合的方式，对大型轧机主传动轴扭矩传感器进行了研究。
首先，在广泛调研和查阅相关资料的基础上，分析了国内外扭矩传感器的研究现状和目前存在的问题。采用集总参数模型对轧机测量对象进行建模，利用Matlab软件对接轴扭转动力学过程进行分析，建立起一种基于反馈控制的危害性扭振抑制模型。其次，为解决旋转状态下扭矩传感器能量无线供给问题，利用电磁耦合原理设计了一套高频无线感应电源装置，实现了轴上扭矩传感器能量无线供给功能。再次，对传统的应变式扭矩测量技术进行了改进，利用V/F变换电路将模拟信号直接转换为抗干扰能力较强的方波频率信号，送给后续发射电路使用；利用MC2833和MC3362无线数据通信芯片设计了一套数字调频式无线通信电路，实现了测量信号无线传输功能；同时，为解决旋转信号无线传输中，因发射源转动造成的信号传输盲区问题，设计了一种新型环形缝隙阵列天线，并对该天线的空间辐射特性进行理论推导，建立起一种适于旋转体信号全向传输的通信模型。在信号提取中，使用了研华工控机和PCI-1712采集卡，利用LabVIEW软件编制了一套数据采集程序，实现了测量信号的实时采集和处理功能。最后，对扭矩传感器试验系统的原理构成进行说明，通过静态标定试验和动态模拟试验，获得多组测量数据，经误差分析后，对所设计的扭矩传感器性能进行评价，为以后扭矩传感器产品化奠定基础。
With the improvement of the intension of steel rolling equipment, real- time detection for main transmission system is of great importance for improving the rolling efficiency. In order to solve the problems of long-time wireless energy supply and wireless transmission of the torque sensor’s signal, strain torque measurement technology and radio technology are integrated in this paper.
Firstly, this paper base opinions on lots of reference materials, and analyzes the status of domestic and foreign research on torque sensor. A model of rolling mill’s measurement is set up by using lumped parameter model, and Matlab software is used to analyzes the coupling shaft’s torsion process. A harmful torsional oscillation inhibiting model is set up based on feedback control. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of wireless energy supply in circumstance of rotation, a set of high frequency wireless inductive power supply is designed, and the function of wireless energy supply is realized. In this paper, we improved the traditional strain torque measurement. V/F inverter is used to transfer analog signals to square wave frequency signals, which was send to the subsequent circuit. A set of frequency-shift keying communication circuit is made by using MC2833 and MC3362. A sort of new type ring slot array antenna is studied and theoretical derivation of this antenna’s radicalization in space is set up. Thirdly, real-time collection and disposal of the measurement signal are realized by using industrial computer and PCI-1712 DAQ card. A data acquisition program is programmed by using LabVIEW. Lastly, the principle of the torque sensor’s test system are explained. Static and dynamic calibration experiments are completed. After error analysis, capabilities of the designed torque sensor are evaluated. Perhaps it will be lead into the product market in the future.
首先，在广泛调研和查阅相关资料的基础上，分析了国内外扭矩传感器的研究现状和目前存在的问题。采用集总参数模型对轧机测量对象进行建模，利用Matlab软件对接轴扭转动力学过程进行分析，建立起一种基于反馈控制的危害性扭振抑制模型。其次，为解决旋转状态下扭矩传感器能量无线供给问题，利用电磁耦合原理设计了一套高频无线感应电源装置，实现了轴上扭矩传感器能量无线供给功能。再次，对传统的应变式扭矩测量技术进行了改进，利用V/F变换电路将模拟信号直接转换为抗干扰能力较强的方波频率信号，送给后续发射电路使用；利用MC2833和MC3362无线数据通信芯片设计了一套数字调频式无线通信电路，实现了测量信号无线传输功能；同时，为解决旋转信号无线传输中，因发射源转动造成的信号传输盲区问题，设计了一种新型环形缝隙阵列天线，并对该天线的空间辐射特性进行理论推导，建立起一种适于旋转体信号全向传输的通信模型。在信号提取中，使用了研华工控机和PCI-1712采集卡，利用LabVIEW软件编制了一套数据采集程序，实现了测量信号的实时采集和处理功能。最后，对扭矩传感器试验系统的原理构成进行说明，通过静态标定试验和动态模拟试验，获得多组测量数据，经误差分析后，对所设计的扭矩传感器性能进行评价，为以后扭矩传感器产品化奠定基础。
With the improvement of the intension of steel rolling equipment, real- time detection for main transmission system is of great importance for improving the rolling efficiency. In order to solve the problems of long-time wireless energy supply and wireless transmission of the torque sensor’s signal, strain torque measurement technology and radio technology are integrated in this paper.
Firstly, this paper base opinions on lots of reference materials, and analyzes the status of domestic and foreign research on torque sensor. A model of rolling mill’s measurement is set up by using lumped parameter model, and Matlab software is used to analyzes the coupling shaft’s torsion process. A harmful torsional oscillation inhibiting model is set up based on feedback control. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of wireless energy supply in circumstance of rotation, a set of high frequency wireless inductive power supply is designed, and the function of wireless energy supply is realized. In this paper, we improved the traditional strain torque measurement. V/F inverter is used to transfer analog signals to square wave frequency signals, which was send to the subsequent circuit. A set of frequency-shift keying communication circuit is made by using MC2833 and MC3362. A sort of new type ring slot array antenna is studied and theoretical derivation of this antenna’s radicalization in space is set up. Thirdly, real-time collection and disposal of the measurement signal are realized by using industrial computer and PCI-1712 DAQ card. A data acquisition program is programmed by using LabVIEW. Lastly, the principle of the torque sensor’s test system are explained. Static and dynamic calibration experiments are completed. After error analysis, capabilities of the designed torque sensor are evaluated. Perhaps it will be lead into the product market in the future.
引文
杨国光.近代光学测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1986:8-9
余小东.国家扭矩基准系统的研究与制造.[北京工业大学硕士学位论文].2000:2-3
欧扬,张纪龙.扭矩测试的发展动态和发展方向.华北工学院学报,1996,(1):42-47
阎晓强,袁晓江,程伟等.轧机工况在线监测系统功能与构成.冶金设备,2001,(4): 43-46
陶魄.中厚钢板轧机扭矩监测的应用研究.机械设计与制造工程,2002,31(1):72-74
单成祥.传感器的理论与设计基础及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1999:69-70
商维绿,缪德源,钱顺章等.现代扭矩测量技术.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999: 14-18
叶剑林.新型扭矩监测系统研制.[北京科技大学硕士学位论文].2001:1-6
武延鹏.磁弹性霍尔扭矩测量系统的研究与应用.[大连理工大学硕士学位论文]. 2000:1-10
T.B.Crowle.袖珍式扭矩测量仪.国外计量,1989,(6):33-35
R.B.Reich, Algonquin. Torquemeter Appaatus.U.S.Patent 4,555,956,Dec.3,1985
应礼昌.数字式转速转矩仪的精度分析.实验室仪器,1983,(1):33-48
傅俊杰.磁致伸缩效应非接触扭矩传感器的研究.[中国矿业大学硕士学位论文]. 1995:3-15
F.W.Reinoud, F.Jensa. Noncontact Capactive Torque Sensor for Use on a Rotating Axle.IEEE Trans.Instr.Meas.,1990,(6):1008-1013
孟昭智.扭矩仪与光导纤维小位移量传感器.仪器与未来,1986,(7):20-21
J.J.Smith. Torque Monitoring for Failure Prevention on Mill Spindles and Coupling. Iron and Stell Engineer Novelber,1976,(5):170-178
I.Sasada, S.Uramoto, K.Harad. Non-contact Torque Sensor Using Magnetic Heads and a Magnetostrictive Layer on the Shaft.IEEE Trans on Magn.MAG-22,1986,(5): 406-411
D.J.Lesco.数字式高速光学转矩仪.国外计量,1985,(6):27-31
吴国安.磁致伸缩型非晶磁性传感器.磁性材料与器件,1994,(9):15-17
J.D.Turner. Development of a Rotating-shaft Torque Sensor for Automotive Application.IEEE Proceeding,1988,(5):334-340
R.E.Rudd, B.R.Kline. Fiber Optic Torquemeter Design and Development.ISA Tras,
1989,(2):19-23
杜极生.国内外关于扭振监测装置德研究综述.气轮机技术,1991,31(5):16-19
欧扬,张纪龙.扭矩测试的发展动态和发展方向.华北工学院学报,1996,(1):42-47
D.Son, S.J.Lim, C.Kim. Non-contact Torque Sensor Using the Difference of Maximum Induction of Amorphous Cores.IEEE Trans on Magn.MAG-28,1992,(5): 2205-2211
I.J.Garshelis. A Torque Transducer Utilizing a Circularly Polarized Ring.IEEE Trans on Magn.MAG-28,1992,(5):2202-2204
N.A.Halliw. The Laser Torsional Vibrometer:A Step Forward in Rotating Machinery Diagnostics.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,190(3):339-418
D.C.Iain. The Laser Torquement and Implications of Speckle Decorrlation on Torque Measurement.[Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree in Engineering of Loughborough University].2000:32-53
翁桂荣,岳强,余志峰.微型遥测扭矩仪.电子应用技术,1994,(5):19-20
刘宝华.红外扭矩测量仪的研制.仪器仪表学报,1996,(3):318-320
郑德忠,宾兴,胡才生.双光环光驱动扭矩仪的特性研究.东北重型机械学院学报, 1996,20(2):125-129
喻洪麟,何安国,龙振宇等.一种新的扭矩测量原理.光子学报,1997,(9):832-835
程卫东,董永贵,李源等.无线无源声表面波扭矩传感器的研究.压电与声光,2000,22 (1):1-3
R.T.Leonhard. Theory and Application of Passive SAW Radio Transponders as Sensors.IEEE Transa on Ultras Ferro and Freq Contr,1998,45(5):1281-1292
李国林.环形变压器供电的应变式扭矩传感器技术性能及应用.仪表技术与传感器, 2000,(6):44-45
R.Cooper, A.Cheda. Measurement of Racing Wheelchair Propulsion Torque. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering. California,US:IEEE Engingeering in Medicine and Biology Society,1989:1530-1531
H.Wakiwaka, M.Mitamura. New Magnetostrictive Type Torque Sensor for Steering Shaft.Sensors and Actuators A-Physical,2001,91(1-2):103-106
Y.D.Cheong, J.W.Kim. Analysis and Development of the Angular Tuist Type Torque-meter.Composite Structures,1999,47(3):457-462
胡颖勇,刘世元.应变式扭矩测量信号的无线传输技术.传感器技术,2002,(12):1-7
D.R.Reynolds. Remote-sensing,Telemetric and Computer-based Technologies for Investigating Inset Movement:a Survey of Existing and Potential Techniques. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2002,35(5):271-307
李震,桂长林,孙军.内燃机曲轴轴系振动分析研究的现状、讨论与展望.内燃机学报, 2002,20(5):469-473
T.Morita, Okamuta. Application to an Operating Engine Crankshaft. Trans ASME, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1995,117(6):70-79
舒歌群,吕兴才.高速柴油机曲轴扭转——纵向耦合振动的研究.兵工学报,2002,23 (1):1-5
Jenkins. Validation of Power Fault Diagnostic Software by Digital Simulation.SAE Transaction of Engines,1988,(6):1268-1278
叶敏,罗纪生,郝志勇.大型气轮发电机组转子轴系扭振弹性波的解析研究.机械工程学报,1998,34(4):15-21
I.D.Smith, J.S.Smith. High Performance Milling Torque Sensor.ASME Journal of Manufacturing Sxience&Engineering,1998,120(3):504-514
阎石.数字电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1997:370-374
康华光.电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1998:163-189
K.R.Padiyar, S.S.Rao. Dynamic Analysis of Voltage Instability in AC-DC Systems. Electrical Power & Energy Systems,1996,18(1):11-18
V.S.Koenraad, P.Robert. Self-tuning Inductive Powering for Implantable Telemetric Monitoring Systems.Sensors and Actuators,1996,52(1):1-7
W.C.Leon(美).数字与模拟通信系统.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:2-55
尹庆纵.精密、低价格隔离放大器ISO120.电子技术,1998,(3):32-35
B.A.Notaro. Simple Short-circuit Protection for Voltage Regulators.IEEE Circuit& Devices,1994,10(2):41-45
韩晓东,杜宇,朱元.V/F变换在单片机系统中的应用.电子技术应用,2000,(2):7-10
朱金刚.基于MC2833P的小功率调频发信机的设计.国外电子元器件,2002,(7): 11-13
沈平林,徐莜麟,李为民.MC3362低功耗双变频FM接收机及其应用.电子工程师, 2000,(6):18-20
李春雷,郭裕顺.射频集成电路模拟的包络方法.杭州电子工业学院学报,2002,22 (3):54-58
杨海马,董全林,刘彬.缝隙单元的环型阵列天线研究.无线电通信技术,2003,29(5): 57-58
刘克成.矩形波导缝隙的等效导纳.国防科技大学学报,1984,(3):33-36
高式昌,钟顺时.具有任意斜缝的微带缝隙天线研究.通信学报,1999,(1):10-14
张易知.虚拟仪器的设计与实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:1-7
刘宗玉.基于虚拟仪器的自动测试系统的研究.[西北工业大学硕士学位论文].2001: 4-16
R.H.Bishop(美).LabVIEW6i使用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:29-50
韩九强,卫军胡,热西提等.虚拟仪器软件开发平台的研究.西安交通大学学报,1997, 31(9):6-10
费业泰.误差理论与数据处理.北京:机械工业出版社,2000:10-55
余小东.国家扭矩基准系统的研究与制造.[北京工业大学硕士学位论文].2000:2-3
欧扬,张纪龙.扭矩测试的发展动态和发展方向.华北工学院学报,1996,(1):42-47
阎晓强,袁晓江,程伟等.轧机工况在线监测系统功能与构成.冶金设备,2001,(4): 43-46
陶魄.中厚钢板轧机扭矩监测的应用研究.机械设计与制造工程,2002,31(1):72-74
单成祥.传感器的理论与设计基础及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1999:69-70
商维绿,缪德源,钱顺章等.现代扭矩测量技术.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999: 14-18
叶剑林.新型扭矩监测系统研制.[北京科技大学硕士学位论文].2001:1-6
武延鹏.磁弹性霍尔扭矩测量系统的研究与应用.[大连理工大学硕士学位论文]. 2000:1-10
T.B.Crowle.袖珍式扭矩测量仪.国外计量,1989,(6):33-35
R.B.Reich, Algonquin. Torquemeter Appaatus.U.S.Patent 4,555,956,Dec.3,1985
应礼昌.数字式转速转矩仪的精度分析.实验室仪器,1983,(1):33-48
傅俊杰.磁致伸缩效应非接触扭矩传感器的研究.[中国矿业大学硕士学位论文]. 1995:3-15
F.W.Reinoud, F.Jensa. Noncontact Capactive Torque Sensor for Use on a Rotating Axle.IEEE Trans.Instr.Meas.,1990,(6):1008-1013
孟昭智.扭矩仪与光导纤维小位移量传感器.仪器与未来,1986,(7):20-21
J.J.Smith. Torque Monitoring for Failure Prevention on Mill Spindles and Coupling. Iron and Stell Engineer Novelber,1976,(5):170-178
I.Sasada, S.Uramoto, K.Harad. Non-contact Torque Sensor Using Magnetic Heads and a Magnetostrictive Layer on the Shaft.IEEE Trans on Magn.MAG-22,1986,(5): 406-411
D.J.Lesco.数字式高速光学转矩仪.国外计量,1985,(6):27-31
吴国安.磁致伸缩型非晶磁性传感器.磁性材料与器件,1994,(9):15-17
J.D.Turner. Development of a Rotating-shaft Torque Sensor for Automotive Application.IEEE Proceeding,1988,(5):334-340
R.E.Rudd, B.R.Kline. Fiber Optic Torquemeter Design and Development.ISA Tras,
1989,(2):19-23
杜极生.国内外关于扭振监测装置德研究综述.气轮机技术,1991,31(5):16-19
欧扬,张纪龙.扭矩测试的发展动态和发展方向.华北工学院学报,1996,(1):42-47
D.Son, S.J.Lim, C.Kim. Non-contact Torque Sensor Using the Difference of Maximum Induction of Amorphous Cores.IEEE Trans on Magn.MAG-28,1992,(5): 2205-2211
I.J.Garshelis. A Torque Transducer Utilizing a Circularly Polarized Ring.IEEE Trans on Magn.MAG-28,1992,(5):2202-2204
N.A.Halliw. The Laser Torsional Vibrometer:A Step Forward in Rotating Machinery Diagnostics.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,190(3):339-418
D.C.Iain. The Laser Torquement and Implications of Speckle Decorrlation on Torque Measurement.[Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree in Engineering of Loughborough University].2000:32-53
翁桂荣,岳强,余志峰.微型遥测扭矩仪.电子应用技术,1994,(5):19-20
刘宝华.红外扭矩测量仪的研制.仪器仪表学报,1996,(3):318-320
郑德忠,宾兴,胡才生.双光环光驱动扭矩仪的特性研究.东北重型机械学院学报, 1996,20(2):125-129
喻洪麟,何安国,龙振宇等.一种新的扭矩测量原理.光子学报,1997,(9):832-835
程卫东,董永贵,李源等.无线无源声表面波扭矩传感器的研究.压电与声光,2000,22 (1):1-3
R.T.Leonhard. Theory and Application of Passive SAW Radio Transponders as Sensors.IEEE Transa on Ultras Ferro and Freq Contr,1998,45(5):1281-1292
李国林.环形变压器供电的应变式扭矩传感器技术性能及应用.仪表技术与传感器, 2000,(6):44-45
R.Cooper, A.Cheda. Measurement of Racing Wheelchair Propulsion Torque. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering. California,US:IEEE Engingeering in Medicine and Biology Society,1989:1530-1531
H.Wakiwaka, M.Mitamura. New Magnetostrictive Type Torque Sensor for Steering Shaft.Sensors and Actuators A-Physical,2001,91(1-2):103-106
Y.D.Cheong, J.W.Kim. Analysis and Development of the Angular Tuist Type Torque-meter.Composite Structures,1999,47(3):457-462
胡颖勇,刘世元.应变式扭矩测量信号的无线传输技术.传感器技术,2002,(12):1-7
D.R.Reynolds. Remote-sensing,Telemetric and Computer-based Technologies for Investigating Inset Movement:a Survey of Existing and Potential Techniques. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2002,35(5):271-307
李震,桂长林,孙军.内燃机曲轴轴系振动分析研究的现状、讨论与展望.内燃机学报, 2002,20(5):469-473
T.Morita, Okamuta. Application to an Operating Engine Crankshaft. Trans ASME, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1995,117(6):70-79
舒歌群,吕兴才.高速柴油机曲轴扭转——纵向耦合振动的研究.兵工学报,2002,23 (1):1-5
Jenkins. Validation of Power Fault Diagnostic Software by Digital Simulation.SAE Transaction of Engines,1988,(6):1268-1278
叶敏,罗纪生,郝志勇.大型气轮发电机组转子轴系扭振弹性波的解析研究.机械工程学报,1998,34(4):15-21
I.D.Smith, J.S.Smith. High Performance Milling Torque Sensor.ASME Journal of Manufacturing Sxience&Engineering,1998,120(3):504-514
阎石.数字电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1997:370-374
康华光.电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1998:163-189
K.R.Padiyar, S.S.Rao. Dynamic Analysis of Voltage Instability in AC-DC Systems. Electrical Power & Energy Systems,1996,18(1):11-18
V.S.Koenraad, P.Robert. Self-tuning Inductive Powering for Implantable Telemetric Monitoring Systems.Sensors and Actuators,1996,52(1):1-7
W.C.Leon(美).数字与模拟通信系统.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:2-55
尹庆纵.精密、低价格隔离放大器ISO120.电子技术,1998,(3):32-35
B.A.Notaro. Simple Short-circuit Protection for Voltage Regulators.IEEE Circuit& Devices,1994,10(2):41-45
韩晓东,杜宇,朱元.V/F变换在单片机系统中的应用.电子技术应用,2000,(2):7-10
朱金刚.基于MC2833P的小功率调频发信机的设计.国外电子元器件,2002,(7): 11-13
沈平林,徐莜麟,李为民.MC3362低功耗双变频FM接收机及其应用.电子工程师, 2000,(6):18-20
李春雷,郭裕顺.射频集成电路模拟的包络方法.杭州电子工业学院学报,2002,22 (3):54-58
杨海马,董全林,刘彬.缝隙单元的环型阵列天线研究.无线电通信技术,2003,29(5): 57-58
刘克成.矩形波导缝隙的等效导纳.国防科技大学学报,1984,(3):33-36
高式昌,钟顺时.具有任意斜缝的微带缝隙天线研究.通信学报,1999,(1):10-14
张易知.虚拟仪器的设计与实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:1-7
刘宗玉.基于虚拟仪器的自动测试系统的研究.[西北工业大学硕士学位论文].2001: 4-16
R.H.Bishop(美).LabVIEW6i使用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:29-50
韩九强,卫军胡,热西提等.虚拟仪器软件开发平台的研究.西安交通大学学报,1997, 31(9):6-10
费业泰.误差理论与数据处理.北京:机械工业出版社,2000:10-55