大麦开颖性状的遗传分析
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摘要
利用5个开颖亲本黄长芒大麦、沪1154、1430R、99-7122、扬0187和2个闭颖亲本91单2、84161为研究对象,探讨了大麦开颖性状的遗传规律,主要结果如下:
     1、6个亲本黄长芒大麦、沪1154、91单2、1430R、99-7122、扬0187的完全双列杂交的F_1与双亲比较,大部分组合的角度在中亲值和低亲之间,杂种优势不明显;对这些组合进行配合力分析,发现开颖性状同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响,加性遗传方差比非加性遗传方差更重要。亲本的开颖角度越大,其一般配合力效应越高,5个开颖亲本中,黄长芒大麦的一般配合力最大。
     2、根据5个开颖亲本的杂种F_2代开、闭颖植株的分离情况,分析它们之间的等位性,得出黄长芒大麦、沪1154、扬0187均有一对开颖基因是等位的,且此基因的效应是较大的。而1430R和99-7122与其他开颖亲本均存在各自的不等位基因。
     3、对完全双列杂交F_1的正反交进行t测验,在11个具有开颖角度的正反交组合中,只有3个组合差异极显著,存在细胞质效应。对F_1正反交均表现为闭颖的四个组合的F_2代进行t测验发现,只有91单2×1430R组合的差异达到极显著水平,这可能与1430R自身的遗传背景有关。
     4、根据2个闭颖亲本分别与5个开颖亲本相互杂交F_1的开颖表现,发现后代的表现与双亲自身开颖或闭颖的效应大小直接相关,开颖亲本的开颖效应越大,后代越偏向于开颖特性,闭颖亲本的闭颖效应越大,后代的开颖角度越易减小。
     5、对以91单2为亲本之一的4个组合的F_2和回交世代植株开颖角度的分离进行分析,发现它们的开颖性状均是由主基因控制的,同时存在多基因的修饰,闭颖表现为显性。
The five glume-opening varieties and two glume-closing varieties were
    used to analyze and discuss genetic law of glume-opening character of barley, and the main results were summarized as follows:
    1. The angles of most F1 combinations from 6 6 complete diallel cross were mainly between ones of middle-parents and low-parents, and the heterosis was not obvious; The combining ability analysis of F1 showed that the glume -opening character of barley was controlled by additive and dominant gene, and mainly by additive gene. General combining ability (GCA) of Huang-chang-mang barley was highest among five glume-opening parents, and the greater the angle, the stronger the GCA.
    2. The allelism analysis of five glume-opening varieties showed that the glume-opening gene in Huang-chang-mang barley and Hu 1154 and Yang 0187 was allelic each other. But glume-opening gene in 1430R and 99-7122 was non-allelic to other varieties, respectively.
    3. The three combinations can be examined apparent cytoplasm effect by t-test among 11 F1 reciprocal crosses that can open glume. And only 91-dan-2 1430R reciprocal cross existed apparent cytoplasmic effect among four F2 reciprocal crosses that their F1 were glume -closing, it was suggested that 1430R have special genetic backgrounds .
    4. The two glume-closing varieties were each mated with five glume-opening varieties and their hybrids' glume-opening angles investigated, it showed that F1 behavior was completely related to gene effect of parents oneself. The glume-opening effect of parent was greater , hybrid was easier to open glume; and glume -closing effect of parent was greater, hybrid's angle was easier to reduce .
    V
    
    
    5. The analysis for angle separation of F2 and backcross populations of four combinations ( 91-dan- 2 as common parent) showed that the glume-opening character was controlled by major gene, and decorated by polygene, glume-closing was dominant to glume-opening.
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