混凝土大坝温度应力数值仿真分析关键技术研究
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摘要
混凝土温控数值仿真的影响因素众多、机理复杂,目前,仍无法精确地模拟各种多变的因素对裂缝发生发展的影响。本文主要针对混凝土的温度场应力场仿真计算模型、热湿耦合、水管冷却问题的并行仿真、混凝土温度参数并行反演分析以及诱导缝应力强度因子计算等混凝土大坝温度应力数值仿真的关键技术进行了较为深入的研究,全文主要内容如下:
(1) 在现有研究基础上,推导了考虑自身温度影响的混凝土非稳定温度场和徐变应力场的计算理论;基于水分质量守恒和能量守恒原理考虑混凝土温度场和湿度场的耦合作用,推导了混凝土的变系数热湿耦合方程,并建立了相应的计算模型;引用严密的水管冷却混凝土温度场的计算理论和计算模型,比较了两种简化计算方法用于水管冷却混凝土仿真计算的不足。
(2) 为引入有限元的并行计算技术,架构了一个微机机群并行环境,并详细给出了计算环境配置和使用方法。分析了结构计算有限元求解过程的并行性;介绍了分布式环境下有限元计算的并行策略。
(3) 针对大型水利工程混凝土施工仿真计算对计算规模和计算精度越来越高的要求,以及计算实时性的需要,在分布式环境下实现了水管冷却混凝土温度场和徐变应力场的并行仿真计算,并率先应用该技术对某实际拱坝工程实现了整体三维并行仿真计算。
(4) 在温度仿真计算参数反分析的遗传算法的基础上,提出了改进遗传算法,函数测试结果表明,改进措施可以有效地解决算法局部搜索能力低及早熟收敛的问题;并针对分布式并行环境给出了一种粗粒度的并行化方法,函数测试结果表明该方法具有很高的并行效率和加速比,适合应用于大规模仿真计算的反问题求解。
(5) 介绍了应力强度因子的三类求解方法,对有限元数值计算中的影响因素做了分析;论述了断裂现象的分形特性,分析了混凝土诱导缝应力强度因子和分形维数的关系;推导了平面状态下混凝土诱导缝裂缝尖端应力场和位移场的分形计算表达式,并在此基础上建立了Ⅰ型分形裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子的分形模型;给出了计算应力强度因子分形维数的方法;对二维平面分维问题,提出了并行化计算办法;针对通过正法不易求解的事实,提出了混凝土诱导缝应力强度因子分形维数的反演计算方法。
The influencing factors about temperature control in the hydraulic concrete are so numerous, and the mechanisms are so complicated, that the accurate influences of many factors which influenced the course of the crack's arisen and its development still can't be simulated currently. The simulative model of temperature field and stress field in concrete , Heat and moisture coupling、Parallel simulative calculation of concrete with water pipe cooling、 Parallel feedback analysis of thermal characteristic parameters, and stress intensity factor of induced joint, which are the sixty-four-dollar questions, are studied in this dissertation. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:(1)Based on the past and current research work, the calculation theory of the transient temperature field and creep stress field of mass concrete which self temperature influence is considered is deduced. The couple effect between the temperature field and humidity field of concrete, is considered on the basis of conservation law of water and energy, and the coupled formulation which coefficient is not constant of the heat and moisture in concrete is deduced. The calculation theory and model which is theoretically strict for solution to thermal problem in concrete with water-cooling pipes are recommended. And the shortages of two simplifications are pointed out.(2)A new networked PC cluster parallel computing environment is set up, and the detailed method of configuration and use is presented. The parallelism of the FEM dealing with structure problems is analyzed, and the parallel computing strategy of FEM in distributed environment is introduced.(3)According to the higher and higher request of the simulation to scale, accuracy and time in the course of the large hydraulic engineering construction, The parallel simulative calculation to temperature field and creep stress field of mass concrete with water pipe-cooling is realized in distributed environment, and the technique is applied to an actual arch dam engineering which needs whole 3-D simulate.(4)On the basis of genetic algorithm which used for feedback analysis of thermal characteristic parameters, the improved genetic algorithm is advanced. The contrasts of the function test results show that the various improvements measures can resolve the low search ability of the algorithm in part area, and premature convergence. Considered the distributed environment, a coarse grained parallel genetic algorithm is put forward, the function test results show that the parallel efficiency and parallel speed-up ratio of the algorithm is high, and it is suitable for feedback of large-scale simulative calculation.(5)Three solution methods for SIF are introduced, the influencing factors in FEM are analyzed. Fractal theory is used to picture fracture phenomenon, and the relationship between the SIF of induced joint in concrete and fractal is analyzed too. A fractal model of SIF in I type fractal crack-tip is established on the basis of the fractal equations for concrete stress field and displacement field on the induced joint crack-tip in the state of plane. Then the fractal dimension seeking method for SIF is introduced, and the parallel method is suggested in 2-D problem. Actually seeking the fractal dimension for SIF of induced joint by normal way is very difficult, so a feedback seeking method is suggested.
(1) 在现有研究基础上,推导了考虑自身温度影响的混凝土非稳定温度场和徐变应力场的计算理论;基于水分质量守恒和能量守恒原理考虑混凝土温度场和湿度场的耦合作用,推导了混凝土的变系数热湿耦合方程,并建立了相应的计算模型;引用严密的水管冷却混凝土温度场的计算理论和计算模型,比较了两种简化计算方法用于水管冷却混凝土仿真计算的不足。
(2) 为引入有限元的并行计算技术,架构了一个微机机群并行环境,并详细给出了计算环境配置和使用方法。分析了结构计算有限元求解过程的并行性;介绍了分布式环境下有限元计算的并行策略。
(3) 针对大型水利工程混凝土施工仿真计算对计算规模和计算精度越来越高的要求,以及计算实时性的需要,在分布式环境下实现了水管冷却混凝土温度场和徐变应力场的并行仿真计算,并率先应用该技术对某实际拱坝工程实现了整体三维并行仿真计算。
(4) 在温度仿真计算参数反分析的遗传算法的基础上,提出了改进遗传算法,函数测试结果表明,改进措施可以有效地解决算法局部搜索能力低及早熟收敛的问题;并针对分布式并行环境给出了一种粗粒度的并行化方法,函数测试结果表明该方法具有很高的并行效率和加速比,适合应用于大规模仿真计算的反问题求解。
(5) 介绍了应力强度因子的三类求解方法,对有限元数值计算中的影响因素做了分析;论述了断裂现象的分形特性,分析了混凝土诱导缝应力强度因子和分形维数的关系;推导了平面状态下混凝土诱导缝裂缝尖端应力场和位移场的分形计算表达式,并在此基础上建立了Ⅰ型分形裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子的分形模型;给出了计算应力强度因子分形维数的方法;对二维平面分维问题,提出了并行化计算办法;针对通过正法不易求解的事实,提出了混凝土诱导缝应力强度因子分形维数的反演计算方法。
The influencing factors about temperature control in the hydraulic concrete are so numerous, and the mechanisms are so complicated, that the accurate influences of many factors which influenced the course of the crack's arisen and its development still can't be simulated currently. The simulative model of temperature field and stress field in concrete , Heat and moisture coupling、Parallel simulative calculation of concrete with water pipe cooling、 Parallel feedback analysis of thermal characteristic parameters, and stress intensity factor of induced joint, which are the sixty-four-dollar questions, are studied in this dissertation. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:(1)Based on the past and current research work, the calculation theory of the transient temperature field and creep stress field of mass concrete which self temperature influence is considered is deduced. The couple effect between the temperature field and humidity field of concrete, is considered on the basis of conservation law of water and energy, and the coupled formulation which coefficient is not constant of the heat and moisture in concrete is deduced. The calculation theory and model which is theoretically strict for solution to thermal problem in concrete with water-cooling pipes are recommended. And the shortages of two simplifications are pointed out.(2)A new networked PC cluster parallel computing environment is set up, and the detailed method of configuration and use is presented. The parallelism of the FEM dealing with structure problems is analyzed, and the parallel computing strategy of FEM in distributed environment is introduced.(3)According to the higher and higher request of the simulation to scale, accuracy and time in the course of the large hydraulic engineering construction, The parallel simulative calculation to temperature field and creep stress field of mass concrete with water pipe-cooling is realized in distributed environment, and the technique is applied to an actual arch dam engineering which needs whole 3-D simulate.(4)On the basis of genetic algorithm which used for feedback analysis of thermal characteristic parameters, the improved genetic algorithm is advanced. The contrasts of the function test results show that the various improvements measures can resolve the low search ability of the algorithm in part area, and premature convergence. Considered the distributed environment, a coarse grained parallel genetic algorithm is put forward, the function test results show that the parallel efficiency and parallel speed-up ratio of the algorithm is high, and it is suitable for feedback of large-scale simulative calculation.(5)Three solution methods for SIF are introduced, the influencing factors in FEM are analyzed. Fractal theory is used to picture fracture phenomenon, and the relationship between the SIF of induced joint in concrete and fractal is analyzed too. A fractal model of SIF in I type fractal crack-tip is established on the basis of the fractal equations for concrete stress field and displacement field on the induced joint crack-tip in the state of plane. Then the fractal dimension seeking method for SIF is introduced, and the parallel method is suggested in 2-D problem. Actually seeking the fractal dimension for SIF of induced joint by normal way is very difficult, so a feedback seeking method is suggested.
引文
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