增压柴油机进排气系统优化匹配的仿真研究
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摘要
近年来,为了提高柴油机的充气效率,获得较大的升功率,降低排放,国内外在进排气和增压系统方面做了大量的研究工作。本文采用理论分析和仿真分析相结合的方法,对某型增压柴油机的进排气系统以及各部件之间的匹配进行了较为详细、深入的研究。
本文首先应用发动机一维仿真软件GT-Power建立了增压柴油机工作过程的仿真模型,通过计算结果和试验数据的比较,对仿真模型进行了验证。以该模型为基准模型,对进气管内气体的流动特性进行了一维仿真分析,并得到了进气管路相关的边界条件。在此基础上,本文运用CFD软件FIRE对进气管进行了三维流动仿真研究,分析了管内的流场分布,对各缸进气不均匀性作出了评价。
其次,针对该增压柴油机排气系统的结构参数进行了优化研究。在详细分析了排气系统主要结构参数对柴油机性能的影响规律后,应用GT-Power自带的优化工具,建立了以柴油机动力性最优为目标的增压柴油机性能优化的仿真模型。计算结果表明:排气系统参数经过优化后,该柴油机性能得到了提升。
通过整机工作过程模拟计算对进排气配气相位进行了优化分析,得到了不同工况下的最佳值。并进行了柴油机采用进气可变配气相位技术(VVT)的仿真研究,结果表明柴油机在高速区和低速区都具有良好的动力性和经济性。
最后,本文进行了中冷器、空气滤清器、增压器与柴油机的匹配研究。模拟了中冷对增压柴油机性能的影响,在负荷特性和外特性下实现了涡轮增压器与柴油机的良好匹配,并研究了空气滤清器的进气阻力对柴油机性能的影响。
In recent years, a lot of research work on the intake, exhaust and turbocharging system was done around home and abroad, in order to improve the volumetric efficiency and reduce emissions of diesel engine. The objective of this thesis is to study intake and exhaust system of turbocharged diesel engine and matching between each component by theoretical and simulation methodology.
In this thesis, firstly, the thermodynamics simulation model for turbocharged diesel engine is established by GT-Power software. The result shows that the computation values agree well with tested values, which proves that the simulation model is reliable. On the basis of this model, the 1-D simulation on flow characteristics of intake system is conducted, from which related boundary conditions are obtained. Furthermore, the characteristics of three-dimensional flow field in intake pipes are analyzed with AVL FIRE software, and the intake unevenness rate between different cylinders is calculated.
For further improving the diesel performance, the structural parameters of exhaust system are optimized. After studying the influence of the main structural parameters on performance, an optimization model is set up to obtain maximum power. The computation result indicates that the effect on optimization is satisfying. Also, the simulation method for working process of the engine is applied to study the effect of valve timing on the performance. The optimal values at different engine speeds are attained, based on which, the simulation of diesel engine with VVT is conducted, and its result shows the performance of diesel engine with VVT is enhanced.
Finally, the matching of cooler, turbocharger, air filter and diesel is investigated. By means of simulation, the influence of cooling on performance of the turbocharged diesel engine is analyzed. The good matching between turbocharger and diesel is achieved in both load and external characteristics. Besides, the influence of intake resistance of air filter on the diesel engine performance is studied.
本文首先应用发动机一维仿真软件GT-Power建立了增压柴油机工作过程的仿真模型,通过计算结果和试验数据的比较,对仿真模型进行了验证。以该模型为基准模型,对进气管内气体的流动特性进行了一维仿真分析,并得到了进气管路相关的边界条件。在此基础上,本文运用CFD软件FIRE对进气管进行了三维流动仿真研究,分析了管内的流场分布,对各缸进气不均匀性作出了评价。
其次,针对该增压柴油机排气系统的结构参数进行了优化研究。在详细分析了排气系统主要结构参数对柴油机性能的影响规律后,应用GT-Power自带的优化工具,建立了以柴油机动力性最优为目标的增压柴油机性能优化的仿真模型。计算结果表明:排气系统参数经过优化后,该柴油机性能得到了提升。
通过整机工作过程模拟计算对进排气配气相位进行了优化分析,得到了不同工况下的最佳值。并进行了柴油机采用进气可变配气相位技术(VVT)的仿真研究,结果表明柴油机在高速区和低速区都具有良好的动力性和经济性。
最后,本文进行了中冷器、空气滤清器、增压器与柴油机的匹配研究。模拟了中冷对增压柴油机性能的影响,在负荷特性和外特性下实现了涡轮增压器与柴油机的良好匹配,并研究了空气滤清器的进气阻力对柴油机性能的影响。
In recent years, a lot of research work on the intake, exhaust and turbocharging system was done around home and abroad, in order to improve the volumetric efficiency and reduce emissions of diesel engine. The objective of this thesis is to study intake and exhaust system of turbocharged diesel engine and matching between each component by theoretical and simulation methodology.
In this thesis, firstly, the thermodynamics simulation model for turbocharged diesel engine is established by GT-Power software. The result shows that the computation values agree well with tested values, which proves that the simulation model is reliable. On the basis of this model, the 1-D simulation on flow characteristics of intake system is conducted, from which related boundary conditions are obtained. Furthermore, the characteristics of three-dimensional flow field in intake pipes are analyzed with AVL FIRE software, and the intake unevenness rate between different cylinders is calculated.
For further improving the diesel performance, the structural parameters of exhaust system are optimized. After studying the influence of the main structural parameters on performance, an optimization model is set up to obtain maximum power. The computation result indicates that the effect on optimization is satisfying. Also, the simulation method for working process of the engine is applied to study the effect of valve timing on the performance. The optimal values at different engine speeds are attained, based on which, the simulation of diesel engine with VVT is conducted, and its result shows the performance of diesel engine with VVT is enhanced.
Finally, the matching of cooler, turbocharger, air filter and diesel is investigated. By means of simulation, the influence of cooling on performance of the turbocharged diesel engine is analyzed. The good matching between turbocharger and diesel is achieved in both load and external characteristics. Besides, the influence of intake resistance of air filter on the diesel engine performance is studied.
引文
[1]梅德清,王忠,高宗英,杨雄.4气门直喷式柴油机进气系统研究及设计[J].江苏大学学报.2002,3:35-38.
[2]程伟.H系列电控共轨柴油机进排气增压系统设计、试验与计算分析[D].武汉.华中科技大学.2005,5.
[3]邓康耀.车用汽油机进排气系统流动特性研究[D].上海.上海交通大学.2000,1.
[4]焦天民,周龙宝.内燃机进气系统模拟计算新方法研究[J].车用发动机.2002,2:5-7.
[5]焦天民,周龙宝.用时空守恒元和解元法模拟研究柴油机进气系统[J].内燃机学报.2002(2):137-140.
[6]魏春源,张卫正,葛蕴珊.高等内燃机学[M].北京.北京理工大学出版社.2001.
[7]杨林,顾宏中.内燃机增压系统一维非定常非均匀质量添加模型[J].上海交通大学学报.1999,3:342-345.
[8]张江城,顾宏中.内燃机进排气管有限容积法一维非定常流模拟[J].上海交通大学学报.1999,3:339-341.
[9]邓康耀等.车用3缸汽油机进排气管的流动特性计算分析[J].车用发动机.2000,12:14-17.
[10]徐斌,史艳彬.发动机进气系统流动模拟与优化[J].内燃机工程.2005,8:12-15.
[11]M TakiZawa,Ttsuo Uno et al.A Study of Gas Exchange Process Simulation of an Automotive Multi-Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine.SAE paper820410:594-610P.
[12]S C Low,P C Baruah.A Generalized Computer Aided Design Package for I.C.Engine Manifold System.SAE paper810498:357-360P.
[13]王德春.车用汽油机进排气结构参数优化设计研究与实践[D].哈尔滨.哈尔滨工程大学.2007,3.
[14]李明.可变进气管对汽油机流动特性及性能影响的数值仿真研究[D].天津.天津大学.2006,6.
[15]Pollard A,Spalding D.B.The Prediction of the Three-dimensional Turbulent Flow Field in a Flow-splitting Tee-junction.Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.1987
[16]Daniel.C.Haworth,Sherif Hel Tahry,Mark S Hueber,Shengming Chang.Multidimensional Port-and-Cylinder Flow Calculation for Two-and Four-Valve-Per-Cylinder Engine:Influence of Intake Configuration on Flow Structure.SAE paper900257,1990.
[17]Tan-Wei Kou.Multidimensional Port-and-Cylinder Gas Flow,Fuel Spay,and Combustion Calculations for a Port-fuel-Injection Engine.SAE paper92-05-15,1992.
[18]Kang.Y.Huh,Chang Ryol Choi.Jong Gyu Kim.Flow Analysis of the Helical Intake Port and Cylinder of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine.SAE paper 952069,1995.
[19]Ying jin Cui,Wen yu Pan,James H Ley lek.Cylinder-to-Cylinder Variation of Losses in Intake Regions oflC Engines.SAE paper,98-10-25,1998.
[20]Sang-Bong Park,Han-Sang Kim,Kyung-Min Cho,et al.An Experimental and Computational Study of Flow Characteristics in Exhaust Manifold and CCC(Close-coupled catalyst).SAE980128,1998.
[21]罗马吉.进气管内三维稳态流动特性的数值分析[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2001(2):1-4.
[22]LUO Ma-ji,CHEN Guo-hua,MA Yuan-hao.Three-dimensional transient numerical simulation for intake process in the engine intake port-valve-cylinder system.Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE,2003.
[23]朱访君,吴坚.内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化[M].北京.国防工业出版社.1997.
[24]顾宏中.涡轮增压柴油机性能研究[M].上海.上海交通大学.1998.
[25]CD-adapco JAPAN Co.LTD 《GT-POWER MANUAL》,2001,
[26]罗马吉,陈国华,蒋炎坤,马元镐.多缸柴油机进气管三维定常湍流流场数值分析[J].华中理工大学学报.2000,10:46-48.
[27]解茂昭.内燃机计算燃烧学[M].大连.大连理工出版社.2005.
[28]江国华,温苗苗.EQD180N-20型发动机进气不均匀性分析[J].武汉理工大学学报.2006,12:1008-1010.
[29]周龙保.内燃机学[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2006.
[30]芮鹏.高强化柴油机性能优化及可调涡轮增压系统匹配的仿真研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2007,1.
[31]刘宇.基于GT-Power的汽油机仿真机优化设计[D].长春.吉林大学.2006,11.
[32]朱大鑫.涡轮增压与涡轮增压器.[M].北京.机械工业出版社.1992.
[33]Fu H,Watkins A P,Yianneskis M.Computation of three-dimensional turbulent flows in a Pipe junction with reference to engine in let manifolds.Prco of Imech Engrs,1992.
[34]罗马吉,黄震.内燃机进气过程多维数值模拟的研究[J].车用发动机.2003,10:11-15.
[35]王晗,蔡忆昔,毛笑平.发动机进气系统不均匀性的三维数值模拟[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2007,6:41-44.
[36]B.Peters,A.D.GosmanNumerical.Simulation of Unsteady Flow in Engine Intake Manifolds.SAE Paper 930609,1993.
[37]#12
[38]Ugur Kesgin.Study on The Design of inlet and Exhaust System of A Stationary Internal Combustion Engine.Energy Conversion and Management,2004.
[39]刘颖.柴油机原理[M].武汉.华中理工大学出版社.1983.
[40]许元利等.4102ZQ增压柴油机性能模拟计算[J].车用发动机.2005,12(6):18-24.
[41]施光燕等.最优化方法[M].北京.高等教育出版社.1999.
[42]卢险峰.最优化方法应用基础[M].上海.同济大学出版社.2003.
[43]李艳红,蔡忆昔,王玉昆.柴油机工作过程参数优化方法及其应用[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2003(5):28-30.
[44]宋龙甫,郑国世.B231发动机性能优化及循环模拟计算[J].内燃机工程.2006(1):76-80.
[45]涂南明,彭友德,李芳.柴油机配气相位的优化设计[J].汽车科技.2007(1):35-37.
[46]张海燕.配气定时对柴油机性能影响的数值模拟分析[J].柴油机设计与制造.2006,6(4):22-26.
[47]罗永前.可变配气相位的分析与研究[D].哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业大学.2003,1.
[48]姚春德,傅晓光等.进排气系统的阻力对车用柴油机性能影响的研究[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2001(5):5-7.
[49]余兀.进气系统阻力对柴油机性能影响的试验研究[J].柴油机设计与制造.2006(1):42-47.
[50]陶文铨.数值传热学(第二版)[M].西安.西安交通大学出版社.2001.
[2]程伟.H系列电控共轨柴油机进排气增压系统设计、试验与计算分析[D].武汉.华中科技大学.2005,5.
[3]邓康耀.车用汽油机进排气系统流动特性研究[D].上海.上海交通大学.2000,1.
[4]焦天民,周龙宝.内燃机进气系统模拟计算新方法研究[J].车用发动机.2002,2:5-7.
[5]焦天民,周龙宝.用时空守恒元和解元法模拟研究柴油机进气系统[J].内燃机学报.2002(2):137-140.
[6]魏春源,张卫正,葛蕴珊.高等内燃机学[M].北京.北京理工大学出版社.2001.
[7]杨林,顾宏中.内燃机增压系统一维非定常非均匀质量添加模型[J].上海交通大学学报.1999,3:342-345.
[8]张江城,顾宏中.内燃机进排气管有限容积法一维非定常流模拟[J].上海交通大学学报.1999,3:339-341.
[9]邓康耀等.车用3缸汽油机进排气管的流动特性计算分析[J].车用发动机.2000,12:14-17.
[10]徐斌,史艳彬.发动机进气系统流动模拟与优化[J].内燃机工程.2005,8:12-15.
[11]M TakiZawa,Ttsuo Uno et al.A Study of Gas Exchange Process Simulation of an Automotive Multi-Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine.SAE paper820410:594-610P.
[12]S C Low,P C Baruah.A Generalized Computer Aided Design Package for I.C.Engine Manifold System.SAE paper810498:357-360P.
[13]王德春.车用汽油机进排气结构参数优化设计研究与实践[D].哈尔滨.哈尔滨工程大学.2007,3.
[14]李明.可变进气管对汽油机流动特性及性能影响的数值仿真研究[D].天津.天津大学.2006,6.
[15]Pollard A,Spalding D.B.The Prediction of the Three-dimensional Turbulent Flow Field in a Flow-splitting Tee-junction.Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.1987
[16]Daniel.C.Haworth,Sherif Hel Tahry,Mark S Hueber,Shengming Chang.Multidimensional Port-and-Cylinder Flow Calculation for Two-and Four-Valve-Per-Cylinder Engine:Influence of Intake Configuration on Flow Structure.SAE paper900257,1990.
[17]Tan-Wei Kou.Multidimensional Port-and-Cylinder Gas Flow,Fuel Spay,and Combustion Calculations for a Port-fuel-Injection Engine.SAE paper92-05-15,1992.
[18]Kang.Y.Huh,Chang Ryol Choi.Jong Gyu Kim.Flow Analysis of the Helical Intake Port and Cylinder of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine.SAE paper 952069,1995.
[19]Ying jin Cui,Wen yu Pan,James H Ley lek.Cylinder-to-Cylinder Variation of Losses in Intake Regions oflC Engines.SAE paper,98-10-25,1998.
[20]Sang-Bong Park,Han-Sang Kim,Kyung-Min Cho,et al.An Experimental and Computational Study of Flow Characteristics in Exhaust Manifold and CCC(Close-coupled catalyst).SAE980128,1998.
[21]罗马吉.进气管内三维稳态流动特性的数值分析[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2001(2):1-4.
[22]LUO Ma-ji,CHEN Guo-hua,MA Yuan-hao.Three-dimensional transient numerical simulation for intake process in the engine intake port-valve-cylinder system.Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE,2003.
[23]朱访君,吴坚.内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化[M].北京.国防工业出版社.1997.
[24]顾宏中.涡轮增压柴油机性能研究[M].上海.上海交通大学.1998.
[25]CD-adapco JAPAN Co.LTD 《GT-POWER MANUAL》,2001,
[26]罗马吉,陈国华,蒋炎坤,马元镐.多缸柴油机进气管三维定常湍流流场数值分析[J].华中理工大学学报.2000,10:46-48.
[27]解茂昭.内燃机计算燃烧学[M].大连.大连理工出版社.2005.
[28]江国华,温苗苗.EQD180N-20型发动机进气不均匀性分析[J].武汉理工大学学报.2006,12:1008-1010.
[29]周龙保.内燃机学[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2006.
[30]芮鹏.高强化柴油机性能优化及可调涡轮增压系统匹配的仿真研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2007,1.
[31]刘宇.基于GT-Power的汽油机仿真机优化设计[D].长春.吉林大学.2006,11.
[32]朱大鑫.涡轮增压与涡轮增压器.[M].北京.机械工业出版社.1992.
[33]Fu H,Watkins A P,Yianneskis M.Computation of three-dimensional turbulent flows in a Pipe junction with reference to engine in let manifolds.Prco of Imech Engrs,1992.
[34]罗马吉,黄震.内燃机进气过程多维数值模拟的研究[J].车用发动机.2003,10:11-15.
[35]王晗,蔡忆昔,毛笑平.发动机进气系统不均匀性的三维数值模拟[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2007,6:41-44.
[36]B.Peters,A.D.GosmanNumerical.Simulation of Unsteady Flow in Engine Intake Manifolds.SAE Paper 930609,1993.
[37]#12
[38]Ugur Kesgin.Study on The Design of inlet and Exhaust System of A Stationary Internal Combustion Engine.Energy Conversion and Management,2004.
[39]刘颖.柴油机原理[M].武汉.华中理工大学出版社.1983.
[40]许元利等.4102ZQ增压柴油机性能模拟计算[J].车用发动机.2005,12(6):18-24.
[41]施光燕等.最优化方法[M].北京.高等教育出版社.1999.
[42]卢险峰.最优化方法应用基础[M].上海.同济大学出版社.2003.
[43]李艳红,蔡忆昔,王玉昆.柴油机工作过程参数优化方法及其应用[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2003(5):28-30.
[44]宋龙甫,郑国世.B231发动机性能优化及循环模拟计算[J].内燃机工程.2006(1):76-80.
[45]涂南明,彭友德,李芳.柴油机配气相位的优化设计[J].汽车科技.2007(1):35-37.
[46]张海燕.配气定时对柴油机性能影响的数值模拟分析[J].柴油机设计与制造.2006,6(4):22-26.
[47]罗永前.可变配气相位的分析与研究[D].哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业大学.2003,1.
[48]姚春德,傅晓光等.进排气系统的阻力对车用柴油机性能影响的研究[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2001(5):5-7.
[49]余兀.进气系统阻力对柴油机性能影响的试验研究[J].柴油机设计与制造.2006(1):42-47.
[50]陶文铨.数值传热学(第二版)[M].西安.西安交通大学出版社.2001.