飞翼式无人机总体概念性设计与分析
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摘要
无人战斗机总体设计是一个具有重要国防研究价值的课题,本文主要研究了飞翼式无人机的总体概念性设计与分析方法。在对某飞翼式布局的无人机三维外形重建的基础上,研究分析了其气动特性、飞行性能及隐身性能。为飞翼式布局的无人战斗机的气动特性、飞行性能以及隐身性能的认识和研究提供了一种可参考的思路。
本文的主要内容包括:
1)分析了国内外无人机发展现状和我国需求,依据某型无人战斗机的参考图及照片,利用参数化造型软件CATIA对某型飞翼式无人机进行三维重建。
2)根据重建的无人战斗机外形数据,运用南航微型飞行器中心自主开发的气动特性分析软件3D 2MUFS求解器,对无人机进行气动特性计算。得出飞机在不同马赫数、不同高度下的压力分布、机翼剖面受力及升阻力系数等方面的数值。进而分析出飞机的气动性能。计算的结果也印证了该求解器适用范围的较大。
3)对无人机的主要飞行性能进行评估分析计算,得出一系列的该飞机性能数据。
4)对无人机的隐身性能进行分析计算,证明了该气动布局无人机的良好隐身性能。
The study of unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) overall design is a subject of great value for defense research. This paper mainly deals with the overall framework design of UCAV with the layout of flying wings. On the basis of the three-dimensional shape rebuilding of a UCAV with the layout of flying wings, the paper analyzes its aerodynamic characteristics and flight performance ,and furthermore provides a new approach to the research of flying wings UCAV’s aerodynamic characteristics and flight performance.
The following three aims would be achieved in this paper:
1)Based on the analysis of the present status and future development of domestic and overseas UAV, the first chapter of the paper tries to rebuild the three-dimensional shape for a type of UAV with flying wings with the help of CATIA (a software to rebuild a three-dimensional shape with the help of parameter) and some reference pictures of the UAV.
2)According to the data get from some UAV shape rebuilding, the second part of the paper continues to compute UAV’s aerodynamic characteristics with the UAV’s aerodynamic characteristics analyzing software developed independently by MAV research center of NUAA University. During the computation, the numerical results of pressure distributions in Mark numbers or on different heights, the numerical data of the forces given to the supporting surface of an airfoil and the coefficients of lift force and air resistance as well as some other data are finally worked out therefore, the UAV’s aerodynamic characteristics are clearly showed by the data above. Meanwhile, the results of computation also prove a larger scope of this analyzing software.
3)The third chapter of this paper also tries to analyze and compute the flight performance of UAV and get a series of data.
4)In chapter four, the stealth characteristics of UAV would be analyzed and computed.
本文的主要内容包括:
1)分析了国内外无人机发展现状和我国需求,依据某型无人战斗机的参考图及照片,利用参数化造型软件CATIA对某型飞翼式无人机进行三维重建。
2)根据重建的无人战斗机外形数据,运用南航微型飞行器中心自主开发的气动特性分析软件3D 2MUFS求解器,对无人机进行气动特性计算。得出飞机在不同马赫数、不同高度下的压力分布、机翼剖面受力及升阻力系数等方面的数值。进而分析出飞机的气动性能。计算的结果也印证了该求解器适用范围的较大。
3)对无人机的主要飞行性能进行评估分析计算,得出一系列的该飞机性能数据。
4)对无人机的隐身性能进行分析计算,证明了该气动布局无人机的良好隐身性能。
The study of unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) overall design is a subject of great value for defense research. This paper mainly deals with the overall framework design of UCAV with the layout of flying wings. On the basis of the three-dimensional shape rebuilding of a UCAV with the layout of flying wings, the paper analyzes its aerodynamic characteristics and flight performance ,and furthermore provides a new approach to the research of flying wings UCAV’s aerodynamic characteristics and flight performance.
The following three aims would be achieved in this paper:
1)Based on the analysis of the present status and future development of domestic and overseas UAV, the first chapter of the paper tries to rebuild the three-dimensional shape for a type of UAV with flying wings with the help of CATIA (a software to rebuild a three-dimensional shape with the help of parameter) and some reference pictures of the UAV.
2)According to the data get from some UAV shape rebuilding, the second part of the paper continues to compute UAV’s aerodynamic characteristics with the UAV’s aerodynamic characteristics analyzing software developed independently by MAV research center of NUAA University. During the computation, the numerical results of pressure distributions in Mark numbers or on different heights, the numerical data of the forces given to the supporting surface of an airfoil and the coefficients of lift force and air resistance as well as some other data are finally worked out therefore, the UAV’s aerodynamic characteristics are clearly showed by the data above. Meanwhile, the results of computation also prove a larger scope of this analyzing software.
3)The third chapter of this paper also tries to analyze and compute the flight performance of UAV and get a series of data.
4)In chapter four, the stealth characteristics of UAV would be analyzed and computed.
引文
[1] Paul G.Fahlstrom,Thoms J.Gleason著,吴汉平等译,无人机系统导论(第二版),北京,电子工业出版社,2003.9。
[2]陈青著,无尾式无人机总体概念性设计与分析,南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2004.3。
[3]赵煦编,大型无人机系列的研制与发展,中国工程科学,第5卷第一期,2003.1,38-41。
[4]吴立新等著,我国无人作战飞机总体设计方案研究,中国航空学会飞机总体专业第五届学术交流会,2002.9。
[5]丁运亮主遍,现代飞机设计理论与技术,南京航空航天大学,2002.1。
[6]李为吉主编,飞机总体设计,西北工业大学出版社,2004.12。
[7]熊俊江译,B-2“幽灵”-威力超强的隐身轰炸机,北京,国防工业出版社,2002.1。
[8]国外无人机大全编写组编,世界无人机大全,航空工业出版社,2004.10。
[9]吴立新,左重,刘平生著,无尾飞翼气动布局是UCAV总体设计的最佳选择,洪都科技,2003。
[10]方宝瑞等编,飞机气动布局设计,航空工业出版社,1997.6。
[11]杨宇飞著,飞翼运输机气动布局设计,西北工业大学,2007.3。
[12]王洪玲,胡乐天,刘洪著,飞翼概念设计的广义参数定义及其性能验算,力学季刊,27卷2期,2006.2。
[13]昂海松,余雄庆著,飞机先进设计技术,南京航空航天大学,2002.1
[14]郭小良,展凤江编,攻击型无人机的发展及关键技术,中国无人机大会论文集,2006。
[15]邱菊著,某三翼面战斗机外形、气动与隐身设计与分析,南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2003.3。
[16]余辉著,美国掀起“无尾战斗机”研究热,国际航空,1996.10。
[17] Muller,Kurt W,Analysis of a Semi-Tailless Aircraft Design,AIAA Dispatch RECON no,20020061925,AD-A402729。
[18] Seth S. Kessler and S. Mark Spearing,Design of a High-g Unmanned Aerial Vehil Structure 2000 World Aviation Conference,October 10–12,2000 san Diego, CA。
[19]朱宝鎏编著,无人飞机空气动力学,北京,航空工业出版社,2006.10。
[20]陈再新,刘幅长,鲍国华,空气动力学,航空工业出版社,1993.8。
[21] Daniel P.Raymer, Aircraft Design:A Conceptual Approach(Third Edition), AIAA Education Series, American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.Inc,1999。
[22]《航空气动力手册》编写组编,航空气动力手册(第二册),国防工业出版社,1983.6。
[23] Esteban, Sergio (Missouri, Univ, Rolla), Static and dynamic analysis of an unconventional plane - Flying wing, AIAA Atmospheric Flight MechanicsConference and Exhibit,AIAA Paper 2001-4010。
[24] Esteban, Sergio (Missouri, Univ, Rolla), Static and dynamic analysis of an unconventional plane - Flying wing, AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit,AIAA Paper 2001-4010。
[25]《飞机设计手册》总编委会编,飞机设计手册第6册,气动设计,北京,航空工业出版社,2001.5。
[26]谢·米·叶格尔等著,飞机设计,航空工业出版社,1986。
[27] Richard M.Wood and Steven X.S.Bauer,Flying Wings/ Flying Fuselages,NASA Langley Research Center,AIAA 2001-0311。
[28] A.A.列别杰夫,И.B.斯特拉日娃,Г.И.沙哈洛夫著,飞机空气动力学,国防工业出版社,1958.8。
[29]王英勋,陈宗基编,无人机自主飞行系统,北京:北京航空航天大学无人机研究所。
[30]刘同仁,肖业伦编著,空气动力学与飞行力学,北京航空学院出版社,1987。
[31]武文康,张彬乾编,战斗机气动布局设计,西北工业大学出版社,2005.8。
[32] Paul,Ralph and William L,Dynamics and control of tailless aircraft,AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference,AIAA 97-3776
[33]方宝瑞等编,无尾飞机与有尾飞机的比较及随控布局的影响,空气动力学学报,1981.5,(20~30)
[34]顾诵芬,解思适编,飞机总体设计,北京航空航天大学出版社,2001。
[35]施法中编,计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD&NURBS),北京航空航天大学出版社,1994。
[36]唐荣锡编,计算机辅助飞机制造,航空工业出版社,1993。
[37]昂海松,周建江等编,复杂目标体三维复原技术研究,1999.12。
[38] Mialon, Bruno (ONERA, Chatillon, France)^Fol, Aerodynamic optimization of subsonic flying wing configurations,20th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference,AIAA Paper 2002-2931。
[39] Whitcomb R., A Study of the Zero–Lift Drag Rise Characteristics of Wing–Body Combinations Near the Speed of Sound, NACA RM–L–52H08,1952。
[40] Buffington, J.M, Tailless Aircraft Control Allocation, Final rept. 1-31 May 97, ADA327799
[41] Hess,R.W.,and Romanoff,H.P.,Airframe Cost Estimating Relationships,Rand Corp.,Rept.R-3255-AF,Santa Monica,CA,1987。
[42]金长江,范立钦编著,飞机飞行性能计算,国防工业出版社,1990。
[43]飞机飞行性能-计算手册,飞行力学杂志社,1987。
[44]飞机外形计算的数学基础编写组编,飞机外形计算的数学基础,国防工业出版社,1978.3。
[45]肖天航,昂海松,余少志著,预处理法求解器定常∕非定常混合网格的全速流场,空气动力学学报,2007。
[46]余雄庆,杨景佐编,飞行器隐身设计基础,南京航空航天大学,1992。
[47]张考,张云飞,马东立等,飞行器对雷达隐身性能计算与分析,国防工业出版社,1998。
[48]昂海松,舒永泽,周建江等编,复杂目标RCS计算的新方法—曲面像素法,电子与信息学报23–10,2001年第10期。
[49]张铁兵,飞行器目标特性分析的像素法研究,南京航空航天大学硕士论文,1997.3。
[2]陈青著,无尾式无人机总体概念性设计与分析,南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2004.3。
[3]赵煦编,大型无人机系列的研制与发展,中国工程科学,第5卷第一期,2003.1,38-41。
[4]吴立新等著,我国无人作战飞机总体设计方案研究,中国航空学会飞机总体专业第五届学术交流会,2002.9。
[5]丁运亮主遍,现代飞机设计理论与技术,南京航空航天大学,2002.1。
[6]李为吉主编,飞机总体设计,西北工业大学出版社,2004.12。
[7]熊俊江译,B-2“幽灵”-威力超强的隐身轰炸机,北京,国防工业出版社,2002.1。
[8]国外无人机大全编写组编,世界无人机大全,航空工业出版社,2004.10。
[9]吴立新,左重,刘平生著,无尾飞翼气动布局是UCAV总体设计的最佳选择,洪都科技,2003。
[10]方宝瑞等编,飞机气动布局设计,航空工业出版社,1997.6。
[11]杨宇飞著,飞翼运输机气动布局设计,西北工业大学,2007.3。
[12]王洪玲,胡乐天,刘洪著,飞翼概念设计的广义参数定义及其性能验算,力学季刊,27卷2期,2006.2。
[13]昂海松,余雄庆著,飞机先进设计技术,南京航空航天大学,2002.1
[14]郭小良,展凤江编,攻击型无人机的发展及关键技术,中国无人机大会论文集,2006。
[15]邱菊著,某三翼面战斗机外形、气动与隐身设计与分析,南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2003.3。
[16]余辉著,美国掀起“无尾战斗机”研究热,国际航空,1996.10。
[17] Muller,Kurt W,Analysis of a Semi-Tailless Aircraft Design,AIAA Dispatch RECON no,20020061925,AD-A402729。
[18] Seth S. Kessler and S. Mark Spearing,Design of a High-g Unmanned Aerial Vehil Structure 2000 World Aviation Conference,October 10–12,2000 san Diego, CA。
[19]朱宝鎏编著,无人飞机空气动力学,北京,航空工业出版社,2006.10。
[20]陈再新,刘幅长,鲍国华,空气动力学,航空工业出版社,1993.8。
[21] Daniel P.Raymer, Aircraft Design:A Conceptual Approach(Third Edition), AIAA Education Series, American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.Inc,1999。
[22]《航空气动力手册》编写组编,航空气动力手册(第二册),国防工业出版社,1983.6。
[23] Esteban, Sergio (Missouri, Univ, Rolla), Static and dynamic analysis of an unconventional plane - Flying wing, AIAA Atmospheric Flight MechanicsConference and Exhibit,AIAA Paper 2001-4010。
[24] Esteban, Sergio (Missouri, Univ, Rolla), Static and dynamic analysis of an unconventional plane - Flying wing, AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit,AIAA Paper 2001-4010。
[25]《飞机设计手册》总编委会编,飞机设计手册第6册,气动设计,北京,航空工业出版社,2001.5。
[26]谢·米·叶格尔等著,飞机设计,航空工业出版社,1986。
[27] Richard M.Wood and Steven X.S.Bauer,Flying Wings/ Flying Fuselages,NASA Langley Research Center,AIAA 2001-0311。
[28] A.A.列别杰夫,И.B.斯特拉日娃,Г.И.沙哈洛夫著,飞机空气动力学,国防工业出版社,1958.8。
[29]王英勋,陈宗基编,无人机自主飞行系统,北京:北京航空航天大学无人机研究所。
[30]刘同仁,肖业伦编著,空气动力学与飞行力学,北京航空学院出版社,1987。
[31]武文康,张彬乾编,战斗机气动布局设计,西北工业大学出版社,2005.8。
[32] Paul,Ralph and William L,Dynamics and control of tailless aircraft,AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference,AIAA 97-3776
[33]方宝瑞等编,无尾飞机与有尾飞机的比较及随控布局的影响,空气动力学学报,1981.5,(20~30)
[34]顾诵芬,解思适编,飞机总体设计,北京航空航天大学出版社,2001。
[35]施法中编,计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD&NURBS),北京航空航天大学出版社,1994。
[36]唐荣锡编,计算机辅助飞机制造,航空工业出版社,1993。
[37]昂海松,周建江等编,复杂目标体三维复原技术研究,1999.12。
[38] Mialon, Bruno (ONERA, Chatillon, France)^Fol, Aerodynamic optimization of subsonic flying wing configurations,20th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference,AIAA Paper 2002-2931。
[39] Whitcomb R., A Study of the Zero–Lift Drag Rise Characteristics of Wing–Body Combinations Near the Speed of Sound, NACA RM–L–52H08,1952。
[40] Buffington, J.M, Tailless Aircraft Control Allocation, Final rept. 1-31 May 97, ADA327799
[41] Hess,R.W.,and Romanoff,H.P.,Airframe Cost Estimating Relationships,Rand Corp.,Rept.R-3255-AF,Santa Monica,CA,1987。
[42]金长江,范立钦编著,飞机飞行性能计算,国防工业出版社,1990。
[43]飞机飞行性能-计算手册,飞行力学杂志社,1987。
[44]飞机外形计算的数学基础编写组编,飞机外形计算的数学基础,国防工业出版社,1978.3。
[45]肖天航,昂海松,余少志著,预处理法求解器定常∕非定常混合网格的全速流场,空气动力学学报,2007。
[46]余雄庆,杨景佐编,飞行器隐身设计基础,南京航空航天大学,1992。
[47]张考,张云飞,马东立等,飞行器对雷达隐身性能计算与分析,国防工业出版社,1998。
[48]昂海松,舒永泽,周建江等编,复杂目标RCS计算的新方法—曲面像素法,电子与信息学报23–10,2001年第10期。
[49]张铁兵,飞行器目标特性分析的像素法研究,南京航空航天大学硕士论文,1997.3。