城市道路交通管理规划方法及应用研究
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摘要
当前我国城市道路交通管理工作面临着严峻的形势。城市中各种车辆迅速增长和出行量增大引起的交通需求量远远高于道路所能提供的交通供给量。通过提高道路交通管理水平来缓解城市交通问题,已经为多数城市所接受。但是交通管理工作不应只是忙于解决已经出现的各种交通问题,还应站在战略高度结合城市规划和城市交通规划超前研究交通管理对策,即制定交通管理规划,实现长效管理。制定交通管理规划是提高交通管理水平的重要途径,也是城市可持续性发展的前提和基础。
本文分析了进行城市道路交通管理规划的必要性,介绍了我国城市道路交通管理规划的现状,以城市道路交通现状调查及分析评价、城市交通需求分析与预测、城市道路交通规划方案设计及评价等作为城市道路交通管理规划的重点和关键,阐述了交通管理规划的目的、原则、内容、层次及过程,论述了交通需求预测的分析方法及其相应交通需求模型在交通管理规划中的应用。最后以长沙市道路交通管理规划为例分析介绍了我国城市交通管理规划的实践成果。
本文在城市道路交通管理规划方法上进行一些有益的探讨研究,总结出一套科学可行的城市道路交通管理规划方法及应用研究框架。城市道路交通管理规划的制订首先通过对城市道路交通管理现状调查及分析评价,结合城市社会经济发展总体规划和通过交通需求模型预测的未来交通需求,确定城市交通发展的方向和交通发展战略目标,提出未来可能的交通管理发展方案,通过评价进而优化方案,使之满足交通管理的可持续性发展要求。本文归纳出具有普遍实用价值的城市道路交通管理规划方法,有助于人们正确认识城市道路交通管理规划的方法,对城市道路交通管理规划具有一定的参考作用。因此,本文的研究无论是理论还是实践都具有比较重要的意义。
The urban traffic management is facing a grim situation at present: the traffic demands from the fast growth of all kinds of vehicles and the increase of travel are far beyond the transportation supply provided by existing roads. It's been accepting by the majority of cities that we can relieve the urban traffic problems in terms of improving the management of road and traffic. However, the traffic management can not only be busying with solving a variety of traffic problems raised, it should do forward looking research on traffic management countermeasures strategically along with urban planning and urban traffic planning, that is to work out traffic management plan so as to realize long acting control. Formulating traffic management plan is a critical way to enhance the management level of transportation, it's also the prerequisite and basis of sustainable development of the city.The thesis analyses the necessity to make a management plan of urban road and traffic, introducing the current layout situation of city road and traffic management; considering the investigation on current urban traffic status and its analysis and evaluation, analysis and projection of the demand of city communications, and the design of city road and traffic plan and its evaluation and etc. as the key and vital points of plan of city road and traffic management, expounding the aim, principle, content, grades and process of transportation management program, discussing the analyzing method of demand forecast of the traffic and the application of relevant models of demand of the traffic in the traffic management layout. Finally it discusses and analyses achievements made in the practices of city transportation management planning in China, taking the planning of city road and traffic management in Changsha as an example.Some useful explorations and researches on the planning method of city road and traffic management have been conducted in the article, and a set of scientific, practical planning methods of urban traffic management and their frames of application and research have been summarized. For the formulating of city road and traffic management programs, we should at first investigate, analyze and assess the present situation of city road and traffic control, and then confirm the direction and strategic aim of city transportation development based on the general plan of city social economy development and future transportation demand predicted by models of
transportation demand, finally bring forward the possible future development plan of traffic management and meet the requirements of sustainable development of traffic management by assessment and further optimization plan. The planning methods of city road and traffic control with general practical values have been summed up in the thesis, which is helpful for people to accurately understand the planning methods of city road and traffic control and is a kind of certain reference to plan city road and traffic control. Therefore, the research described in the article is relatively significant both theoretically and practically.
本文分析了进行城市道路交通管理规划的必要性,介绍了我国城市道路交通管理规划的现状,以城市道路交通现状调查及分析评价、城市交通需求分析与预测、城市道路交通规划方案设计及评价等作为城市道路交通管理规划的重点和关键,阐述了交通管理规划的目的、原则、内容、层次及过程,论述了交通需求预测的分析方法及其相应交通需求模型在交通管理规划中的应用。最后以长沙市道路交通管理规划为例分析介绍了我国城市交通管理规划的实践成果。
本文在城市道路交通管理规划方法上进行一些有益的探讨研究,总结出一套科学可行的城市道路交通管理规划方法及应用研究框架。城市道路交通管理规划的制订首先通过对城市道路交通管理现状调查及分析评价,结合城市社会经济发展总体规划和通过交通需求模型预测的未来交通需求,确定城市交通发展的方向和交通发展战略目标,提出未来可能的交通管理发展方案,通过评价进而优化方案,使之满足交通管理的可持续性发展要求。本文归纳出具有普遍实用价值的城市道路交通管理规划方法,有助于人们正确认识城市道路交通管理规划的方法,对城市道路交通管理规划具有一定的参考作用。因此,本文的研究无论是理论还是实践都具有比较重要的意义。
The urban traffic management is facing a grim situation at present: the traffic demands from the fast growth of all kinds of vehicles and the increase of travel are far beyond the transportation supply provided by existing roads. It's been accepting by the majority of cities that we can relieve the urban traffic problems in terms of improving the management of road and traffic. However, the traffic management can not only be busying with solving a variety of traffic problems raised, it should do forward looking research on traffic management countermeasures strategically along with urban planning and urban traffic planning, that is to work out traffic management plan so as to realize long acting control. Formulating traffic management plan is a critical way to enhance the management level of transportation, it's also the prerequisite and basis of sustainable development of the city.The thesis analyses the necessity to make a management plan of urban road and traffic, introducing the current layout situation of city road and traffic management; considering the investigation on current urban traffic status and its analysis and evaluation, analysis and projection of the demand of city communications, and the design of city road and traffic plan and its evaluation and etc. as the key and vital points of plan of city road and traffic management, expounding the aim, principle, content, grades and process of transportation management program, discussing the analyzing method of demand forecast of the traffic and the application of relevant models of demand of the traffic in the traffic management layout. Finally it discusses and analyses achievements made in the practices of city transportation management planning in China, taking the planning of city road and traffic management in Changsha as an example.Some useful explorations and researches on the planning method of city road and traffic management have been conducted in the article, and a set of scientific, practical planning methods of urban traffic management and their frames of application and research have been summarized. For the formulating of city road and traffic management programs, we should at first investigate, analyze and assess the present situation of city road and traffic control, and then confirm the direction and strategic aim of city transportation development based on the general plan of city social economy development and future transportation demand predicted by models of
transportation demand, finally bring forward the possible future development plan of traffic management and meet the requirements of sustainable development of traffic management by assessment and further optimization plan. The planning methods of city road and traffic control with general practical values have been summed up in the thesis, which is helpful for people to accurately understand the planning methods of city road and traffic control and is a kind of certain reference to plan city road and traffic control. Therefore, the research described in the article is relatively significant both theoretically and practically.
引文
[1] 赵波平,孔令斌.城市交通—中国面临的挑战.城市规划,1999,30(3):21-22
[2] 周溪召,李朝阳.大城市交通发展的研究.规划师,1999,13(1):35-36
[3] 王炜,徐吉谦,杨涛等.城市交通规划理论及其应用.南京:东南大学出版社,1998.126-139
[4] 袁振洲,李巍屹,刘海东.动态交通流分配理论与方法研究简介.综合运输,2000,(9):23-25
[5] 刘世武,过秀成,陈祖明.公路工程可行性研究中的交通量预测方法探讨.湖南交通科技,1999,(4):13-17
[6] Yosef Sheffi. Urban transportation network. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall INC, 1982, 125-129
[7] Newell. Flow on Transportation Networks. 1. Newyork: MIT, 1980, 25-27
[8] 盖春英,裴玉龙.基于公路网的路段交通量预测方法研究.公路交通科技,2002,19(1):76-82
[9] Meyer D. Urban Transportation Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984, 128-130
[10] Ajay K. Rathi. The Study on the Integrated Traffic Demand- Land Use Models. Journal oof Transportation Science, 2001, 35(1): 67-69
[11] 李晓江.中国城市交通的发展呼唤理论与观念的更新.城市规划,1997,13(6):29-30
[12] 王缉宪.中国大城市交通运输即将面临的困境及出路.战略与管理,1997,(3):17-19
[13] K·谢凯琳,武涌,董立,等.北京宣言:中国城市交通发展战略.城市规划,1996,7(4):15-16
[14] 潘汉中.城市道路交通管理规划的理论与实践.见:中国城市交通规划学术委员会2003年年会暨第二十次学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003,42-45
[15] 王炜,陈学武,尹红亮等.城市交通管理规划指南.北京:人民交通出版社,2003,136-139
[16] 国家技术监督局,建设部.城市道路交通规划设计规范(GB50220-95).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995,6-9
[17] 庄严,罗辑.促进城市交通发展走城市交通可持续发展之路.交通工程通讯, 2000,14(2):25-27
[18] 苏珊,布罗迪.土地使用与城市交通规划.国外城市规划,1996,(2):21-24
[19] Hani S. Mahmassani. Improvement and Conclusion about Resident Trip Generation. Journal of Public Transportation, 2002, 15(6): 213-220
[20] 李明顺.区域OD流预测的新方法.长沙交通学院学报,2000,(3):35-38
[21] 钱林波.南京主城居民出行特征演变与分析.江苏城市规划,1999,12(2):9-10
[22] 周伟,王颖.高速公路诱增交通量分析.长安大学学报,2002,22(1):49-52
[23] 杨佩昆.交通管理与控制.北京:人民交通出版社,1995,125-136
[24] 王炜,杨新苗,陈学武等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.北京:科学出版社,2002,126-128
[25] 周干峙.发展我国大城市交通的研究.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997,15-24
[26] 马文胜,赵国锋.大中城市中心区停车现状分析及对策研究.辽宁交通科技,2001,(10):34-35
[27] 王炜.路段交通量与O-D出行量互算关系研究.南京工学院学报,1988,18(1):68-79
[28] 霍娅敏.公路交通量预测的模型及参数研究.重庆交通学院学报,1999,17(3):1-4
[29] 徐循初,刘冰,王正等.长沙市城市交通规划.见:中国城市交通规划学术委员会2000年年会暨第18次学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000,60-71
[30] Thomas B. Deen. Research on Sustainable Urban Freight Planning. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2000, 15(6): 103-105
[31] 邓斌涛.手机支付停车费技术和方法的研究.城市交通,2003,(2):19-24
[32] 邹贞元.城市静态交通管理理论与应用.广州:广州出版社,2000,57-58
[33] 陈斌.重视城市公交客运场站的布局.建设及融资.中南汽车运输,1999,4(4):46-47
[34] Debbie. The Problems and Planning Countermeasures of Street Cross Section. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1990, 116(3): 46-51
[35] Prasad V. Palacharla, Koziol. Traffic Signal Warrant Study for Stop-Controlled Intersections. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2002, 15(8): 459-473
[36] 杨晓光.城市道路交通设计指南.北京:人民交通出版社,2003,187-190
[37] J. L. Wright. A Study of the Planning Method and Its Application for the Urban Parking. Journal of Transport Policy, 1996, 7(3): 81-89
[38] Maccubbin. Intelligent Transportation Systems Benefits and Costs. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 2001, 40(4): 325-328
[39] Gaims R. B. The Study of Urban Transportation System Sustainable Development Ensure System. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2000, 16(10): 83-87
[40] Liu Zhiqiang. Comprehensive Evaluation on Urban Transport System. Journal of Highway and traffic Science, 2001, 18(2): 70-73
[41] 杨涛.城市交通网络总体性能评价与建模.东南大学博士学位论文.南京:东南大学,1995,31-32
[42] 罗丽君,裴玉龙.模糊随机动态交通分配模型研究.华中科技大学学报,2002,19(2):64-69
[43] 公安部交通管理局.城市道路交通管理评价指标体系.北京:群众出版社,2002.13-17
[44] 李腊元.最短路径算法及其实现.计算机与数字工程,1995,23(2):5-8
[45] 王炜.一种动态的多路径交通分配方法.东南大学学报,1990,20(1):63-68
[46] 王元庆,周伟,吕连恩.道路阻抗函数理论与应用研究.公路交通科技.2004,21(9):82-85
[47] 王正,刘安,郑萍.广义Logit交通方式划分预测方法.同济大学学报,1999,27(3):314-318
[48] 周刚,车卓君.静态多路径交通分配法在公路网规划中的应用.广东公路交通,1995,39(2):30-31
[49] 刘洋,陈洪仁,张仕励.公路网规划中交通分配方法应用研究.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2000,33(1):100-104
[50] 郭凤香,熊坚,王朝英.交通分配模型的研究及应用.交通与计算机,2004,22(4):10-13
[51] 杨兆升,张洪海.交通分配模型的评价与检验方法.吉林工业大学学报,1998,28(4):55-59
[2] 周溪召,李朝阳.大城市交通发展的研究.规划师,1999,13(1):35-36
[3] 王炜,徐吉谦,杨涛等.城市交通规划理论及其应用.南京:东南大学出版社,1998.126-139
[4] 袁振洲,李巍屹,刘海东.动态交通流分配理论与方法研究简介.综合运输,2000,(9):23-25
[5] 刘世武,过秀成,陈祖明.公路工程可行性研究中的交通量预测方法探讨.湖南交通科技,1999,(4):13-17
[6] Yosef Sheffi. Urban transportation network. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall INC, 1982, 125-129
[7] Newell. Flow on Transportation Networks. 1. Newyork: MIT, 1980, 25-27
[8] 盖春英,裴玉龙.基于公路网的路段交通量预测方法研究.公路交通科技,2002,19(1):76-82
[9] Meyer D. Urban Transportation Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984, 128-130
[10] Ajay K. Rathi. The Study on the Integrated Traffic Demand- Land Use Models. Journal oof Transportation Science, 2001, 35(1): 67-69
[11] 李晓江.中国城市交通的发展呼唤理论与观念的更新.城市规划,1997,13(6):29-30
[12] 王缉宪.中国大城市交通运输即将面临的困境及出路.战略与管理,1997,(3):17-19
[13] K·谢凯琳,武涌,董立,等.北京宣言:中国城市交通发展战略.城市规划,1996,7(4):15-16
[14] 潘汉中.城市道路交通管理规划的理论与实践.见:中国城市交通规划学术委员会2003年年会暨第二十次学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003,42-45
[15] 王炜,陈学武,尹红亮等.城市交通管理规划指南.北京:人民交通出版社,2003,136-139
[16] 国家技术监督局,建设部.城市道路交通规划设计规范(GB50220-95).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995,6-9
[17] 庄严,罗辑.促进城市交通发展走城市交通可持续发展之路.交通工程通讯, 2000,14(2):25-27
[18] 苏珊,布罗迪.土地使用与城市交通规划.国外城市规划,1996,(2):21-24
[19] Hani S. Mahmassani. Improvement and Conclusion about Resident Trip Generation. Journal of Public Transportation, 2002, 15(6): 213-220
[20] 李明顺.区域OD流预测的新方法.长沙交通学院学报,2000,(3):35-38
[21] 钱林波.南京主城居民出行特征演变与分析.江苏城市规划,1999,12(2):9-10
[22] 周伟,王颖.高速公路诱增交通量分析.长安大学学报,2002,22(1):49-52
[23] 杨佩昆.交通管理与控制.北京:人民交通出版社,1995,125-136
[24] 王炜,杨新苗,陈学武等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.北京:科学出版社,2002,126-128
[25] 周干峙.发展我国大城市交通的研究.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997,15-24
[26] 马文胜,赵国锋.大中城市中心区停车现状分析及对策研究.辽宁交通科技,2001,(10):34-35
[27] 王炜.路段交通量与O-D出行量互算关系研究.南京工学院学报,1988,18(1):68-79
[28] 霍娅敏.公路交通量预测的模型及参数研究.重庆交通学院学报,1999,17(3):1-4
[29] 徐循初,刘冰,王正等.长沙市城市交通规划.见:中国城市交通规划学术委员会2000年年会暨第18次学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000,60-71
[30] Thomas B. Deen. Research on Sustainable Urban Freight Planning. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2000, 15(6): 103-105
[31] 邓斌涛.手机支付停车费技术和方法的研究.城市交通,2003,(2):19-24
[32] 邹贞元.城市静态交通管理理论与应用.广州:广州出版社,2000,57-58
[33] 陈斌.重视城市公交客运场站的布局.建设及融资.中南汽车运输,1999,4(4):46-47
[34] Debbie. The Problems and Planning Countermeasures of Street Cross Section. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1990, 116(3): 46-51
[35] Prasad V. Palacharla, Koziol. Traffic Signal Warrant Study for Stop-Controlled Intersections. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2002, 15(8): 459-473
[36] 杨晓光.城市道路交通设计指南.北京:人民交通出版社,2003,187-190
[37] J. L. Wright. A Study of the Planning Method and Its Application for the Urban Parking. Journal of Transport Policy, 1996, 7(3): 81-89
[38] Maccubbin. Intelligent Transportation Systems Benefits and Costs. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 2001, 40(4): 325-328
[39] Gaims R. B. The Study of Urban Transportation System Sustainable Development Ensure System. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2000, 16(10): 83-87
[40] Liu Zhiqiang. Comprehensive Evaluation on Urban Transport System. Journal of Highway and traffic Science, 2001, 18(2): 70-73
[41] 杨涛.城市交通网络总体性能评价与建模.东南大学博士学位论文.南京:东南大学,1995,31-32
[42] 罗丽君,裴玉龙.模糊随机动态交通分配模型研究.华中科技大学学报,2002,19(2):64-69
[43] 公安部交通管理局.城市道路交通管理评价指标体系.北京:群众出版社,2002.13-17
[44] 李腊元.最短路径算法及其实现.计算机与数字工程,1995,23(2):5-8
[45] 王炜.一种动态的多路径交通分配方法.东南大学学报,1990,20(1):63-68
[46] 王元庆,周伟,吕连恩.道路阻抗函数理论与应用研究.公路交通科技.2004,21(9):82-85
[47] 王正,刘安,郑萍.广义Logit交通方式划分预测方法.同济大学学报,1999,27(3):314-318
[48] 周刚,车卓君.静态多路径交通分配法在公路网规划中的应用.广东公路交通,1995,39(2):30-31
[49] 刘洋,陈洪仁,张仕励.公路网规划中交通分配方法应用研究.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2000,33(1):100-104
[50] 郭凤香,熊坚,王朝英.交通分配模型的研究及应用.交通与计算机,2004,22(4):10-13
[51] 杨兆升,张洪海.交通分配模型的评价与检验方法.吉林工业大学学报,1998,28(4):55-59