基于以太网的离子加速器束流测量系统研究
摘要
远程监控系统指的是利用计算机通过网络实现对生产过程控制系统的监视和控制,突破了地域上的制约而实现异地监视和控制生产过程现场设备。随着控制技术、通信技术、计算机技术的快速发展,人们的工作方式、生活方式正逐渐地被改变着。同时企业信息化和自动化领域的发展也受到了巨大的影响。越来越多的企业、部门迫切的希望结合网络系统实现对设备的远程监控。
兰州重离子加速器是国家级重点实验室,是一个庞大的离子加速器工程系统。在加速器上,离子束的强弱是反映其性能的重要参数之一,目前ECR、SFC和SSC加速的束流强度最大为10-5A量级,CSR为10-3A量级。为了逐步提高机器性能,随着不断的升级改造,在调试运行过程中,对于SSC通常需要分辨小于10-12A的流强,如此高的分辨对于弱信号测量而言难度相当大,几乎到了极限。科学研究是艰辛的,知难而进、改造提高及设计一个满足SSC更高要求、新的弱信号测量系统是必然的。本课题在这种前提下,通过对网络技术、弱电流测量技术、嵌入式系统等的研究和探索,完成基于Ethernet的兰州重离子加速器束流远程监测系统的研究设计。该系统允许控制人员通过Internet网络对重离子加速器的束流进行实时远程检测。
反映加速器带电离子束流大小的一个重要参数就是束流强度,束流可以等效为弱小的电流源,本文通过对MSC1210微处理器的研究,设计一款基于MSC1210的智能弱电流测量系统。本测量系统经过信号电流采集、信号转换、放大、整形、A/D转换、数据处理、结果输出等过程,实现了弱电流的自动测量。目前,该系统已经应用于重离子加速器系统中,对提高加速器束流传输效率有很大的帮助,减轻运行和物理调试人员工作强度。
Remote monitoring system is realized by using computer network for monitoring and controling production process control system, breaking through the regional restriction by realizing remote monitoring and controling the production process field equipment. As the rapid development of control technology, communication technology and computer technology, people's working style and lifestyle is increasingly changing. At the same time the enterprise informatization and development in automation field has been influenced tremendously. More and more enterprises and departments hope urgently to realize the remote monitoring for equipments with network system.
Heavy Ion Research Facility, Lanzhou (HIRFL) is state-level key laboratory, and a huge ion accelerator engineering system. On the accelerator, the strength of the beam is one of the important parameters that reflects its performance. At present, the accelerated beam strength of ECR, SFC and SSC has reached maximum 10-5 magnitude, 10-3 of CSR. In order to gradually improve the machine performance, with constant upgrading, test and operation process, it is necessary for SSC to distinguish beam current less than 10-12A. Such high resolution for weak signal measurements is extremely difficult, almost arriving at the limit. Scientific research is arduous, but we should move ahead despite difficulties, for improving and designing a Weak Signal Measurement System to meet higher requirements of SSC is inevitable. With this prerequisite, through network technology, low current measurement technology, embedded systems, this reaearch project is aimed at researching and designing beam remote monitoring system for the HIRFL based on Etherne. This system allows controllers'real-time remote monitoring for the beam of heavy-ion accelerator through Internet network.
Beam intensity is an important parameter to reflect size of the accelerator charged ions and beam can be equivalent to the weak current source. Based on the research of MSC1210 microprocessor, this project designed a low intelligent current measurement system served for MSC1210. The measurement system realized the automatic measurement of the current through the signal current collection, signal transformation, amplification, reforming, A/D conversion, data processing, output process. At present, this system has been applied in heavy-ion accelerator system, improving the transmission efficiency of accelerator beam and reducing the operating and physical debugging personnel's working intensity.
兰州重离子加速器是国家级重点实验室,是一个庞大的离子加速器工程系统。在加速器上,离子束的强弱是反映其性能的重要参数之一,目前ECR、SFC和SSC加速的束流强度最大为10-5A量级,CSR为10-3A量级。为了逐步提高机器性能,随着不断的升级改造,在调试运行过程中,对于SSC通常需要分辨小于10-12A的流强,如此高的分辨对于弱信号测量而言难度相当大,几乎到了极限。科学研究是艰辛的,知难而进、改造提高及设计一个满足SSC更高要求、新的弱信号测量系统是必然的。本课题在这种前提下,通过对网络技术、弱电流测量技术、嵌入式系统等的研究和探索,完成基于Ethernet的兰州重离子加速器束流远程监测系统的研究设计。该系统允许控制人员通过Internet网络对重离子加速器的束流进行实时远程检测。
反映加速器带电离子束流大小的一个重要参数就是束流强度,束流可以等效为弱小的电流源,本文通过对MSC1210微处理器的研究,设计一款基于MSC1210的智能弱电流测量系统。本测量系统经过信号电流采集、信号转换、放大、整形、A/D转换、数据处理、结果输出等过程,实现了弱电流的自动测量。目前,该系统已经应用于重离子加速器系统中,对提高加速器束流传输效率有很大的帮助,减轻运行和物理调试人员工作强度。
Remote monitoring system is realized by using computer network for monitoring and controling production process control system, breaking through the regional restriction by realizing remote monitoring and controling the production process field equipment. As the rapid development of control technology, communication technology and computer technology, people's working style and lifestyle is increasingly changing. At the same time the enterprise informatization and development in automation field has been influenced tremendously. More and more enterprises and departments hope urgently to realize the remote monitoring for equipments with network system.
Heavy Ion Research Facility, Lanzhou (HIRFL) is state-level key laboratory, and a huge ion accelerator engineering system. On the accelerator, the strength of the beam is one of the important parameters that reflects its performance. At present, the accelerated beam strength of ECR, SFC and SSC has reached maximum 10-5 magnitude, 10-3 of CSR. In order to gradually improve the machine performance, with constant upgrading, test and operation process, it is necessary for SSC to distinguish beam current less than 10-12A. Such high resolution for weak signal measurements is extremely difficult, almost arriving at the limit. Scientific research is arduous, but we should move ahead despite difficulties, for improving and designing a Weak Signal Measurement System to meet higher requirements of SSC is inevitable. With this prerequisite, through network technology, low current measurement technology, embedded systems, this reaearch project is aimed at researching and designing beam remote monitoring system for the HIRFL based on Etherne. This system allows controllers'real-time remote monitoring for the beam of heavy-ion accelerator through Internet network.
Beam intensity is an important parameter to reflect size of the accelerator charged ions and beam can be equivalent to the weak current source. Based on the research of MSC1210 microprocessor, this project designed a low intelligent current measurement system served for MSC1210. The measurement system realized the automatic measurement of the current through the signal current collection, signal transformation, amplification, reforming, A/D conversion, data processing, output process. At present, this system has been applied in heavy-ion accelerator system, improving the transmission efficiency of accelerator beam and reducing the operating and physical debugging personnel's working intensity.
引文
[1]Kai Lorentz.工业以太网／通信技术的朱来、现状和发展以及IAONA组织(英文).自动化博览.2005,22(4)：18-21.
[2]王忠锋.工业以太网实时通信与设备互操作技术研究：[博士学位论文].沈阳：中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所,2006.
[3]赵籍九.加速器控制技术及其新进展.第二届全国加速器技术交流会论文集.1998,23-29.
[4]宋海鸿等.HIRFL中心区束流诊断系统.第二届全国加速器技术交流会论文集.1998,239-241.
[5]贺琳,尹立敏,周东洋.嵌入式INTERNET技术应用探讨.长春工业大学学报(自然科学版).2006,3：251-253.
[6]Luolei, Minyuan Zhu. A Formal Semantic Def'mition of DEVIL. ACM Sigplan Notices, April 2003.
[7]薛玲,叶长国.基于实时嵌入式系统对网络协议实现方法的改进.泰山学院学报.2008,6：15-19.
[8]付荣国,周庆敏.嵌入式Interet应用研究.微处理机.2008,5：57-59
[9]David Kalinsky. A Survey of Task Schedulers[J]. Embedded System Conference,2000.
[10]张浩,谭克勤,朱守云.现场总线与工业以太网络应用技术手册(第二册).上海：科学技术出版社.2004,1.
[11]孙凡金.现场总线实时性与确定性的研究：[博士学位论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[12]张浩,马玉敏,杜品圣.Interbus现场总线与工业以太网技术.机械工业出版社.2006,5.
[13]缪学勤.现场总线国际标准最新进展.电气时代.2007,(8)：2-5.
[14]王平,谢吴飞,肖琼等.J：业以太网技术.北京：科学出版社,2007.
[15]Ferrari, P.; Rammini, A.; Vitturi, S., Performance analysis of PROHNET networks, Computer Standards and Interfaces,2006,28(4):369-385.
[16]刘曙光.现场总线技术的进展与展望.自动化与仪表,2000,15(3)：1-6.
[17]赵君.现场总线技术进展.哈尔滨理工大学学报,2002,7(2)：56-60.
[18]茹锋,薛钧义.ControlNet协议的通信机理分析.小型微型计算机系统.2003,2(6)：1009-1012.
[19]刘淼,王田苗,魏洪兴,陈友东.基于uCOS-II的嵌入式数控系统实时性分 析.计算机工程,2006,22.
[20]吴松华,吴国伟.基于WinCE.net的嵌入式监控软件设计与实现.计算机与信息技术,2006,03.
[21]李庆诚,唐德凯.嵌入式操作系统实时性比对与评价.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007,06.
[22]张禹,苟新运,季仲梅.Platform Builder集成开发环境研究.微计算机信息,2005,04.
[23]张新房,吕跃刚,徐大平,柳亦兵.使用Platform Builder配置Windows CE操作系统.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002,10.
[24]周毓麟,宁杨,陆贵强,付林.WindowsCE. net内核定制及应用开发.北京：电子工业出版社.2005.
[25]Microsoft Corporation. System Memory Management in Windows CE. NET. MSDN.2002.
[26]Nat Frampton. Interrupt Architecture in Microsoft Windows CEJET. MSDN.2002.
[27]赵小建,方康玲.基于Evc平台的内存映射文件技术研究与应用.微计算机信息,2007,09.
[28]汪晓平,钟军等.网络通信协议分析与应用实现.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[29]周宁,张晓光,王红霞.嵌入式系统接入以太网方案设计.计算机与信息技术.2007,03.
[30]唐明.WatchDog在嵌入式应用中的问题.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007,11.
[31]李岩,荣盘详.基于S3C44BOX嵌入式ItClinux系统原理及应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：2.
[32]Desurmont Xavier, Lienard Bruno, Meessen Jeorme. Real-time optimizations for integrated smart network camera. Proceedings of SPIE-The Intenrational Society for Optical Engineering,2005,5671:85-92.
[33]辛建光,潘孟春.嵌入式Web视频服务器的设计.兵工自动化2005,24(1)：67-71.
[34]Heng Brian A, Apostolopoulos John G, Lira Jae S. End-to-end Rate-distortion Optimized MD Mode Selection for Multiple Description Video Coding. Eurasip Jounral On Applied Signal Processing,2006:1-12.
[35]林小龙,林宏基.P2P在远程视频监控系统中的应用.福建电脑2006,(2)：105-106.
[36]H. Schulzrin, ect. RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Application. Internet RFCl 889,1996.
[37]张永强,赵永勇,李崇德.嵌入式远程视频采集系统的设计与实现.现代电子技术,2006,(4)：75-77.
[38]Jean J Labrosse. Inside Real-Time Kernels[J]. Embedded System Conference,1999.
[39]胡燕瑜.嵌入式应用对微处理器的需求.今日电子.2008,5：37-38.
[40]李屏,张艳军.嵌入式RTOS中任务优先级反转问题研究.信息技术,2006.9：94-96.
[41]赵丽,王太勇,胡世广,许爱芬.基于嵌入式平台的文件管理系统.计算机工程与应用.2007,35：111-113.
[42]刘坤杰,游海亮,严晓浪,葛海通.面向嵌入式应用的内存管理单元设计.浙江大学学报(工学版).2007,7：1078-1082.
[43]刘云霞,蒋静,程君.面向硬件的实时嵌入式系统的研究与设计.微计算机信息.2007,14：24-26.
[2]王忠锋.工业以太网实时通信与设备互操作技术研究：[博士学位论文].沈阳：中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所,2006.
[3]赵籍九.加速器控制技术及其新进展.第二届全国加速器技术交流会论文集.1998,23-29.
[4]宋海鸿等.HIRFL中心区束流诊断系统.第二届全国加速器技术交流会论文集.1998,239-241.
[5]贺琳,尹立敏,周东洋.嵌入式INTERNET技术应用探讨.长春工业大学学报(自然科学版).2006,3：251-253.
[6]Luolei, Minyuan Zhu. A Formal Semantic Def'mition of DEVIL. ACM Sigplan Notices, April 2003.
[7]薛玲,叶长国.基于实时嵌入式系统对网络协议实现方法的改进.泰山学院学报.2008,6：15-19.
[8]付荣国,周庆敏.嵌入式Interet应用研究.微处理机.2008,5：57-59
[9]David Kalinsky. A Survey of Task Schedulers[J]. Embedded System Conference,2000.
[10]张浩,谭克勤,朱守云.现场总线与工业以太网络应用技术手册(第二册).上海：科学技术出版社.2004,1.
[11]孙凡金.现场总线实时性与确定性的研究：[博士学位论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[12]张浩,马玉敏,杜品圣.Interbus现场总线与工业以太网技术.机械工业出版社.2006,5.
[13]缪学勤.现场总线国际标准最新进展.电气时代.2007,(8)：2-5.
[14]王平,谢吴飞,肖琼等.J：业以太网技术.北京：科学出版社,2007.
[15]Ferrari, P.; Rammini, A.; Vitturi, S., Performance analysis of PROHNET networks, Computer Standards and Interfaces,2006,28(4):369-385.
[16]刘曙光.现场总线技术的进展与展望.自动化与仪表,2000,15(3)：1-6.
[17]赵君.现场总线技术进展.哈尔滨理工大学学报,2002,7(2)：56-60.
[18]茹锋,薛钧义.ControlNet协议的通信机理分析.小型微型计算机系统.2003,2(6)：1009-1012.
[19]刘淼,王田苗,魏洪兴,陈友东.基于uCOS-II的嵌入式数控系统实时性分 析.计算机工程,2006,22.
[20]吴松华,吴国伟.基于WinCE.net的嵌入式监控软件设计与实现.计算机与信息技术,2006,03.
[21]李庆诚,唐德凯.嵌入式操作系统实时性比对与评价.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007,06.
[22]张禹,苟新运,季仲梅.Platform Builder集成开发环境研究.微计算机信息,2005,04.
[23]张新房,吕跃刚,徐大平,柳亦兵.使用Platform Builder配置Windows CE操作系统.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002,10.
[24]周毓麟,宁杨,陆贵强,付林.WindowsCE. net内核定制及应用开发.北京：电子工业出版社.2005.
[25]Microsoft Corporation. System Memory Management in Windows CE. NET. MSDN.2002.
[26]Nat Frampton. Interrupt Architecture in Microsoft Windows CEJET. MSDN.2002.
[27]赵小建,方康玲.基于Evc平台的内存映射文件技术研究与应用.微计算机信息,2007,09.
[28]汪晓平,钟军等.网络通信协议分析与应用实现.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[29]周宁,张晓光,王红霞.嵌入式系统接入以太网方案设计.计算机与信息技术.2007,03.
[30]唐明.WatchDog在嵌入式应用中的问题.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007,11.
[31]李岩,荣盘详.基于S3C44BOX嵌入式ItClinux系统原理及应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：2.
[32]Desurmont Xavier, Lienard Bruno, Meessen Jeorme. Real-time optimizations for integrated smart network camera. Proceedings of SPIE-The Intenrational Society for Optical Engineering,2005,5671:85-92.
[33]辛建光,潘孟春.嵌入式Web视频服务器的设计.兵工自动化2005,24(1)：67-71.
[34]Heng Brian A, Apostolopoulos John G, Lira Jae S. End-to-end Rate-distortion Optimized MD Mode Selection for Multiple Description Video Coding. Eurasip Jounral On Applied Signal Processing,2006:1-12.
[35]林小龙,林宏基.P2P在远程视频监控系统中的应用.福建电脑2006,(2)：105-106.
[36]H. Schulzrin, ect. RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Application. Internet RFCl 889,1996.
[37]张永强,赵永勇,李崇德.嵌入式远程视频采集系统的设计与实现.现代电子技术,2006,(4)：75-77.
[38]Jean J Labrosse. Inside Real-Time Kernels[J]. Embedded System Conference,1999.
[39]胡燕瑜.嵌入式应用对微处理器的需求.今日电子.2008,5：37-38.
[40]李屏,张艳军.嵌入式RTOS中任务优先级反转问题研究.信息技术,2006.9：94-96.
[41]赵丽,王太勇,胡世广,许爱芬.基于嵌入式平台的文件管理系统.计算机工程与应用.2007,35：111-113.
[42]刘坤杰,游海亮,严晓浪,葛海通.面向嵌入式应用的内存管理单元设计.浙江大学学报(工学版).2007,7：1078-1082.
[43]刘云霞,蒋静,程君.面向硬件的实时嵌入式系统的研究与设计.微计算机信息.2007,14：24-26.