基于电磁感应原理的水下非接触式电能传输技术研究
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摘要
水下机电设备的电能传输是深海资源勘探中必须解决的问题。目前普遍采用接触式电能传输方法,然而为了适应恶劣的深海环境而设计的复杂密封结构使其接口会出现严重磨损并存在漏电隐患。非接触式电能传输技术(CLPT)由于其独特的优势,有望成为解决上述问题的有效手段。
CLPT系统基于电磁耦合原理对机电设备输电,实现了电源和负载的电气隔离。与接触式方法相比,CLPT方法避免了电击、漏电等危险,而且不需要复杂的密封工艺。其关键技术在于,解决系统耦合系数低导致的传输能力受限制、海水导电性引起的系统能量损耗、深海高压与水流冲击引起的系统参数变化,以及电磁屏蔽、系统稳定性等问题。本文即针对上述问题进行系统讨论。
建立非接触式电能传输系统的互感模型和励磁模型,分析系统传输特性,讨论不同的补偿结构对系统传输的影响,从而指导补偿方式的选择。建立电磁耦合系统在深海环境中的涡流场模型,并对耦合器参数、能量损失、电磁屏蔽等进行有限元分析,从而实现对频率及耦合器结构的优化。应用磁阻建模方法,建立耦合器磁路模型,分析在深海高压环境以及磁芯偏心条件下的励磁电感、耦合系数等参数的变化,为系统稳定性分析提供依据。
基于上述分析,设计深海非接触式电能传输系统的电路、磁路结构,并制作原型样机。根据电磁耦合器的电气特性和样机的磁芯线圈结构,建立线圈功率损失模型,提出耦合器线圈匝数优化方法。并通过实验,分别对耦合器在海水导电环境下的传输能力、40MPa高压环境和耦合器对接偏心、电磁屏蔽情况下的功率传输进行测试。实验结果表明,结构优化后的电磁耦合器能够适应深海恶劣环境,充分发挥非接触式电能传输系统的优势,安全高效地为水下机电设备提供足够电能。
Power transmission for underwater mechanical and electrical equipments is evitable in deep-sea resource explorations. It generally relies on contact methods, which require complicated sealing in the hostile deep sea. However the connecter was always badly worn and was threaten by electrical leakage. The contactless power transmission technology is expected to resolve these problems because of its special advantages.
Based on the electromagnetic induction, the CLPT system supply electrical energy for the equipments without any electrical connection between the power source and the loading. Comparing to the contact method, the contactless one has remarkable advantages, such as avoiding the danger of electrical shock and leakage without complicated sealing. Consequently, the key technologies of the CLPT system include the following:resolving the limited transferring power due to low coefficients, reducing the energy loss in seawater, maintaining the system's parameters which may be changed by the high pressure and stream in the deep sea, and some other problems such as the electromagnetic shielding and system's stability. These issues have been systematically considered in this thesis.
The mutual model and magnetizing model have been established to analyze the system's transferring characters. And the influences of different compensations have been investigated to select a reasonable compensation structure for the system. In order to optimize the electromagnetic (EM) coupler's structure and the system's frequency, the eddy current field of the EM coupler in the seawater was modeled. Therefore the coupler's parameters, power losses and EM shielding were investigated by the finite element method (FEM). By using reluctance modeling method, the magnetic circuit of the coupler was modeled. Therefore, the parameters, such as magnetizing inductance and coupling coefficient, which can be changed by high pressure and stream in the deep sea, were explored to provide references for the system's stability analysis.
As results of the above analysis, we designed the electric circuit and magnetic structures and the prototype the CLPT system for deep-sea applications. According to the electric characters and the physical structure of the EM coupler, power losses of the windings were modeled and the optimizing method for the winding turns was proposed. Finally, some experiments were implemented to verify the designed system, including the power transmissions in seawater and high pressure up to 40 MPa, and with misaligned cores and EM shielding. It demonstrated in the experiments that the optimized EM coupler is adaptable to the deep-sea environment, and the CLPT system is sufficient to supply electrical energy for underwater equipments with high efficiency.
CLPT系统基于电磁耦合原理对机电设备输电,实现了电源和负载的电气隔离。与接触式方法相比,CLPT方法避免了电击、漏电等危险,而且不需要复杂的密封工艺。其关键技术在于,解决系统耦合系数低导致的传输能力受限制、海水导电性引起的系统能量损耗、深海高压与水流冲击引起的系统参数变化,以及电磁屏蔽、系统稳定性等问题。本文即针对上述问题进行系统讨论。
建立非接触式电能传输系统的互感模型和励磁模型,分析系统传输特性,讨论不同的补偿结构对系统传输的影响,从而指导补偿方式的选择。建立电磁耦合系统在深海环境中的涡流场模型,并对耦合器参数、能量损失、电磁屏蔽等进行有限元分析,从而实现对频率及耦合器结构的优化。应用磁阻建模方法,建立耦合器磁路模型,分析在深海高压环境以及磁芯偏心条件下的励磁电感、耦合系数等参数的变化,为系统稳定性分析提供依据。
基于上述分析,设计深海非接触式电能传输系统的电路、磁路结构,并制作原型样机。根据电磁耦合器的电气特性和样机的磁芯线圈结构,建立线圈功率损失模型,提出耦合器线圈匝数优化方法。并通过实验,分别对耦合器在海水导电环境下的传输能力、40MPa高压环境和耦合器对接偏心、电磁屏蔽情况下的功率传输进行测试。实验结果表明,结构优化后的电磁耦合器能够适应深海恶劣环境,充分发挥非接触式电能传输系统的优势,安全高效地为水下机电设备提供足够电能。
Power transmission for underwater mechanical and electrical equipments is evitable in deep-sea resource explorations. It generally relies on contact methods, which require complicated sealing in the hostile deep sea. However the connecter was always badly worn and was threaten by electrical leakage. The contactless power transmission technology is expected to resolve these problems because of its special advantages.
Based on the electromagnetic induction, the CLPT system supply electrical energy for the equipments without any electrical connection between the power source and the loading. Comparing to the contact method, the contactless one has remarkable advantages, such as avoiding the danger of electrical shock and leakage without complicated sealing. Consequently, the key technologies of the CLPT system include the following:resolving the limited transferring power due to low coefficients, reducing the energy loss in seawater, maintaining the system's parameters which may be changed by the high pressure and stream in the deep sea, and some other problems such as the electromagnetic shielding and system's stability. These issues have been systematically considered in this thesis.
The mutual model and magnetizing model have been established to analyze the system's transferring characters. And the influences of different compensations have been investigated to select a reasonable compensation structure for the system. In order to optimize the electromagnetic (EM) coupler's structure and the system's frequency, the eddy current field of the EM coupler in the seawater was modeled. Therefore the coupler's parameters, power losses and EM shielding were investigated by the finite element method (FEM). By using reluctance modeling method, the magnetic circuit of the coupler was modeled. Therefore, the parameters, such as magnetizing inductance and coupling coefficient, which can be changed by high pressure and stream in the deep sea, were explored to provide references for the system's stability analysis.
As results of the above analysis, we designed the electric circuit and magnetic structures and the prototype the CLPT system for deep-sea applications. According to the electric characters and the physical structure of the EM coupler, power losses of the windings were modeled and the optimizing method for the winding turns was proposed. Finally, some experiments were implemented to verify the designed system, including the power transmissions in seawater and high pressure up to 40 MPa, and with misaligned cores and EM shielding. It demonstrated in the experiments that the optimized EM coupler is adaptable to the deep-sea environment, and the CLPT system is sufficient to supply electrical energy for underwater equipments with high efficiency.
引文
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