基于新型磁场传感器的无线传感器网络系统研究
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摘要
近年来,对无线传感器网络的研究日益深入,使其在众多应用领域得到了快速的发展。文章详细分析了无线传感器网络系统的特点、优势以及发展现状,并在综合新型非晶合金磁场传感器特点和广阔应用前景的基础上,提出了构建无线磁传感器网络的设想,最终在软硬件两方面予以实现。文章的主要研究内容如下:
文章分析了常见的传感器网络结构体系的特点,并根据课题研究的实际需要提出了大量相同普通节点外加一个基站节点的系统模型。该模型具有一般传感器网络的特性,并易于扩展。文章从软硬件两个方面设计普通节点和基站节点,实现整个系统。
硬件方面采取模块化的设计思路,普通节点和基站节点采用相同的处理模块和无线通信模块。普通节点另有传感器模块用于信息采集;基站节点没有传感器模块而是有一个同计算机通信的接口模块。处理器采用8位的AVR系列芯片Atmega1281,用于节点资源管理和任务调度;无线通信模块采用工作在ISM频段(433MHz)的CC1000无线收发集成芯片,用于节点间的通信联系。普通节点采用非晶合金磁场传感器做为传感器模块,实现对环境磁场信息的采集。基站节点在经过电平转换后通过RS232串行总线实现同计算机的通信。
节点软件方面,采用流行的TinyOS嵌入式操作系统。基于TinyOS的组件化思想,节点程序由不同的功能组件组成,如主组件、通信组件、模数转换组件、路由组件等,以此来实现相应的功能。组件代码采用NesC语言,有利于实现组件化编程。数据管理部分分析了传统数据库系统的不足,采用基于传感器网络的分布式数据管理系统TinyDB,设计了客户端,用于节点数据的查询、筛选、汇总等管理。TinyDB客户端由java语言实现。
无线磁场传感器网络通过程序仿真与实验,通信功能正常,能够实现环境磁场信息的实时监测。系统具有良好的通用性和可扩展性,可用于车位检测和地表运动监测等多种领域。
In recent years, the reseach for wireless sensor networks(WSN) increasingly penetrates into a variety field of applications and develops rapidly. The article analyzed the wireless sensor network system characteristics, advantages and the actuality of WSN's development in detail, and on the basis of integrating characteristics of new amorphous alloys magnetic sensor and extensive prospects for applications, proposed a assumption of building a wireless sensor network and finally realized in both hardware and software aspects.The main study of the article is as follows:
The article analyzes the structure characteristics of common sensor network and according to the actual needs of research proposed a system model of large number of ordinary nodes with a base station node . This model possess a general character and expand easily. Articles designed ordinary nodes and base stations node from both hardware and software aspects, actualized the entire system.
In terms of the thought of modular design in hardware,ordinary nodes and base stations node are based on the same processing module and wireless communications module.The ordinary nodes have sensor modules used for information collection, the base station node have a interface module communicated with computer but not the sensor module. Processing module used the processor chip of 8-bits AVR Series Atmega1281 for node hardware resources management and tasks scheduling; wireless communication module used radio transceiver integrated chips,CC1000 worked in the ISM band (433 MHz),for the communications among the nodes. Ordinary nodes used amorphous alloys magnetic field sensor as sensor module to acllect the information of environmental field. The base station node communicated with the computer through the RS232 serial bus after the chip voltage was converted.
In node software aspects, there are popular TinyOS embedded operating system. Based on the components thinking of TinyOS, nodes programs make up of different functional components, such as the main components, communications components, analog-digital conversion components and routing components, in order to complete the corresponding function. Components codes used NesC language to be propitious to realize components programming. The part of data management analyze the shortcomings of traditional database systems. Then design the distributed data management system TinyDB,which is based on wireless sensor network, and the client for data query, selecting and gathering. TinyDB realized by java language.
Wireless magnetic field sensor networks passed program simulation and experiment, the communication functions were normal and can be achieve real-time monitoring of magnetic field information. System has good versatility and expansibility, can be used into many fields,for example: to detect parking spaces and to monitor the surface movement.
文章分析了常见的传感器网络结构体系的特点,并根据课题研究的实际需要提出了大量相同普通节点外加一个基站节点的系统模型。该模型具有一般传感器网络的特性,并易于扩展。文章从软硬件两个方面设计普通节点和基站节点,实现整个系统。
硬件方面采取模块化的设计思路,普通节点和基站节点采用相同的处理模块和无线通信模块。普通节点另有传感器模块用于信息采集;基站节点没有传感器模块而是有一个同计算机通信的接口模块。处理器采用8位的AVR系列芯片Atmega1281,用于节点资源管理和任务调度;无线通信模块采用工作在ISM频段(433MHz)的CC1000无线收发集成芯片,用于节点间的通信联系。普通节点采用非晶合金磁场传感器做为传感器模块,实现对环境磁场信息的采集。基站节点在经过电平转换后通过RS232串行总线实现同计算机的通信。
节点软件方面,采用流行的TinyOS嵌入式操作系统。基于TinyOS的组件化思想,节点程序由不同的功能组件组成,如主组件、通信组件、模数转换组件、路由组件等,以此来实现相应的功能。组件代码采用NesC语言,有利于实现组件化编程。数据管理部分分析了传统数据库系统的不足,采用基于传感器网络的分布式数据管理系统TinyDB,设计了客户端,用于节点数据的查询、筛选、汇总等管理。TinyDB客户端由java语言实现。
无线磁场传感器网络通过程序仿真与实验,通信功能正常,能够实现环境磁场信息的实时监测。系统具有良好的通用性和可扩展性,可用于车位检测和地表运动监测等多种领域。
In recent years, the reseach for wireless sensor networks(WSN) increasingly penetrates into a variety field of applications and develops rapidly. The article analyzed the wireless sensor network system characteristics, advantages and the actuality of WSN's development in detail, and on the basis of integrating characteristics of new amorphous alloys magnetic sensor and extensive prospects for applications, proposed a assumption of building a wireless sensor network and finally realized in both hardware and software aspects.The main study of the article is as follows:
The article analyzes the structure characteristics of common sensor network and according to the actual needs of research proposed a system model of large number of ordinary nodes with a base station node . This model possess a general character and expand easily. Articles designed ordinary nodes and base stations node from both hardware and software aspects, actualized the entire system.
In terms of the thought of modular design in hardware,ordinary nodes and base stations node are based on the same processing module and wireless communications module.The ordinary nodes have sensor modules used for information collection, the base station node have a interface module communicated with computer but not the sensor module. Processing module used the processor chip of 8-bits AVR Series Atmega1281 for node hardware resources management and tasks scheduling; wireless communication module used radio transceiver integrated chips,CC1000 worked in the ISM band (433 MHz),for the communications among the nodes. Ordinary nodes used amorphous alloys magnetic field sensor as sensor module to acllect the information of environmental field. The base station node communicated with the computer through the RS232 serial bus after the chip voltage was converted.
In node software aspects, there are popular TinyOS embedded operating system. Based on the components thinking of TinyOS, nodes programs make up of different functional components, such as the main components, communications components, analog-digital conversion components and routing components, in order to complete the corresponding function. Components codes used NesC language to be propitious to realize components programming. The part of data management analyze the shortcomings of traditional database systems. Then design the distributed data management system TinyDB,which is based on wireless sensor network, and the client for data query, selecting and gathering. TinyDB realized by java language.
Wireless magnetic field sensor networks passed program simulation and experiment, the communication functions were normal and can be achieve real-time monitoring of magnetic field information. System has good versatility and expansibility, can be used into many fields,for example: to detect parking spaces and to monitor the surface movement.
引文
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[2]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络.软件学报.2003.14(7)
[3]曾鹏,于海斌,梁英等.分布式无线传感器网络体系结构及应用支撑技术研究.信息与控制.2004.33(3)
[4]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络极其数据管理的概念、问题与进展.软件学报.2003.14(10).
[5]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述。通信学报.2004.25(4).
[6]Lin Ruizhong,Wang Zhi,Sun Youxian.Wireless Sensor Networks Solutions for Real Time Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plant[A].Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Cingress on Intelligent Control and Automation[C].6,15,2004.Hang,zhou,China.2004.
[7]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展.计算机研究与进展.2005.42(1)
[8]Kris Pister,Barbara Hohlt,Jaein Jeong,Lance Doherty,Vainio J.P.Ivy-A Sensor Network Infrastructure for the College of Engineer[R].Berkeley:University of California at Berkeley:Mircolab,Technical Report,2003.
[9]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.5:9-11
[10]Johnson P.Remote Continuous Physiological Monitoring in the Home.Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare.1996.2(2).
[11]Schwiebert L.Gupta S.K.S,Weinmann J..Reserch Challenges in Wireless Networks of Biomedical Sensors.MobiCOM'01.2001.
[12]Noury N,Herve T,Riale V,Monitoring Behavior in Home Using a Smart Fail Sensor.IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology,2000.
[13]Gregory J.Pottie,William J.Kaiser.Wireless Integrated Network Sensors[J].Communications of the ACM.2000.43(5).
[14]Kahn J.M.,Katz R.H.,Pister K.S.J.Next Century Challenges:Mobile Networking for Smart Dust[A].Proceedings of MobiCom'99[C].1999.
[15]Mainwaring A.,Polastre J.,Szewczyk R.,Culler D.,Anderson J.Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring[A].Proceedings of WSN' 02[C].2002.
[16]于海斌,曾鹏.智能无线传感器网络系统.北京:科学出版社,2006
[17]吴键.智能无线传感器网络节点的设计和研究.2006.01
[18]Alessio Falchi.Chapter 4:Measurements
[19]吴键,袁慎芳.无线传感器网络节点的设计和实现.仪器仪表学报.Vol.27 No.9.2006
[20]施承,宋铁成,叶芝慧等.基于Zigbee协议的无线传感器网络节点的研制.广东通信技术,2006.01
[21]王建,王汝琳,王学民,刘世民.基于无线传感器网络的煤矿瓦斯监测系统.矿山机械,2007.02
[22]from crossbow technology.inc,document part number:6020-0042-06 Rev A.
[23]Atmega128L datasheet,http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/datasheets.asp?family_id=607
[24]叶驰,孙利民,廖勇.传感器网络的能量管理.计算机工程与应用,2004.8:196-198
[25]Trevor Pering,Tom Burd,Robert Brodersen.Dynamic Voltage Scaling and the Design of a Low-Power Microprocessor System o http://infopad.eecs.berkeley.edu/～pering/lpsw
[26]CC1000 RF Transceiver datasheet.Chipcon Company
[27]陈维克,李文锋,袁兵.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络加权质心定位算法.武汉理工大学学.2006.30(2)
[28]Neal Patwari,Joshua N.Ash,Spyros Kyperountas.Locating the Nodes:Cooperative localization in wireless sensor networks.IEEE Signal processing magazine JULY 2005.
[29]王一禾,杨膺善主编.非晶态合金.北京:冶金工业出版社.1989
[30]鲍丙豪,吴伟,胡恩球.非晶丝单磁芯双绕组闭环系统新型磁场传感器研究.电子测量与仪器学报,2001.9
[31]鲍丙豪,宋雪丰,钱锟.基于钴基非晶丝的数字弱磁场检测仪.传感器与微系统,2006.3:51-53
[32]AD620仪表放大器使用说明
[33]0P07CP datasheet.Maxim Compony
[34]MAX3223 datasheet
[35]段吉祥,李志华.一种RS232多点通信系统的实现方法.工矿自动化,第1期,2007.2
[36]李丽娜,廖明宏.传感器网络及其操作系统.电脑学习,第五期,2005.10
[37]David Gay,Philip Levis,David Culler,Eric Brewer.nesC 1.1 Language Reference Manual.August 2005.
[38]E.A.Lee,S.Neuendorffer.Concurrent models of computation for embedded software,IEE Proc.Comput.Digit.Tech.,Vol.152,No.2,March 2005
[39]David Gay,Philip Levis,Robert von Behren,etc.The nesC Language:A Holistic Approach to Networked Embedded Systems.June 2003.http://nescc.sourceforge.net
[40]Elaine Cheong,Jie Liu.galsC:A Language for Event-Driven Embedded Systems.Munich,Germany.March,2005.
[41]David Gay,Philip Levis,David Culler.Software Design Patterns for TinyOS.LCTES'05. June,2005
[42]Philip Levis.TinyOS Programming.June 28,2006
[43]Philip Levis,Sam Madden,Joseph Polastre,Robert Szewczyk,Kamin Whitehouse,etc.TinyOS:An Operating System for Sensor Networks.
[44]Ciar'an Lynch,Fergus O'Reilly.PIC-based TinyOS Implementation.Centre for Adaptive Wireless Systems Cork Institute of Technology Cork IRELAND.
[45]Jason Lester Hill.System Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks.UNIVERISY OF CALIFORNIA,BERKELEY.Spring 2003.
[46]/tinyos-1.x/..from Crossbow Company
[47]Andrea Goldsmith.WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.Cambridge University Press.2005
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