湖北省棉花黄萎病菌与品种的互作研究
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摘要
棉花黄萎病作为一种由大丽轮枝菌引起的真菌性土传病害,在世界范围内对棉花生产造成严重的影响,因而有“棉花癌症”之称。湖北省作为长江流域棉花主产区之一,全国六大产棉省之一,棉花是全省除粮食外经济总量最大的农作物。但是近年来,由于气候的不稳定以及对种子调运检疫的忽视等因素,湖北省棉花生产的产量和品质因黄萎病发生而导致的影响有逐年加重的趋势,而且病害在田间表现出多种症状类型。为此,研究湖北省不同地区黄萎病菌与品种的互作规律,对于选育抗黄萎病品种从而防治棉花黄萎病具有重要意义。
本实验对选自湖北省不同地区的32个代表性菌株与4个生产上抗性表现不同的鉴别品种之间的互作进行研究,以期寻找出湖北省棉花黄萎病菌不同致病力菌株与品种互作过程中的规律。其次,本实验主要以营养液漂浮育苗即水浮育苗技术为基础进行,对于水浮育苗壮苗培育也进行了研究,主要是为了找出助壮素处理最有效的壮苗浓度组合。所得主要结果如下：
(1)根据5个非落叶型菌株1cd11-b、1cd3-2、1cd21-b、ve10及ve5在中棉所8号和冀棉11号上表现出的致病力分化现象,可将非落叶型黄萎病菌划分为三个类型。第1种类型：对中棉所8号致病力较弱,使其表现抗病,对冀棉11号致病力较强,使其表现感病,代表菌株如1cd11-b菌株。第11种类型：对中棉所8号致病力较强,使其表现感病,对冀棉11号致病力较弱,使其表现抗病,代表菌株如lcd3-2菌株。第111种类型：对中棉所8号和冀棉11号致病力均较弱,使其均表现抗病,包括1cd21-b、ve10、ve5三种菌株。选取两个鉴别品种的自交株行中棉所8号-3和冀棉11号-5为新的鉴别品种,从这两个株行材料与三种代表菌株互作结果进一步肯定了以上三种分类方式,更加明确地证实了非落叶型菌株与棉苗品种之间存在抗性分化。
(2)根据不同地区的27个落叶型菌株与银瑞361、中棉所8号、豫棉21、冀棉11号4种鉴别品种互作的反应类别将落叶型菌株分为五种类型。第Ⅰ种类型,对四个鉴别品种致病力均较强,四种品种在其作用下均表现感病,包括1cd3-1、1cd3-33等蔡甸大部分菌株、麻城菌株、江陵菌株、石首菌株、天门部分菌株、农科院菌株、仙桃菌株。第Ⅱ种类型,对银瑞361致病力较弱,使其表现抗病,对其他三个品种致病力较强,使其表现感病,代表菌株如1hnw-1华农网室菌株。第Ⅲ种类型,对银瑞361和豫棉2两个品种致病力较弱,使其表现抗病,对中棉所8号和冀棉11号致病力较强,使其表现感病,代表菌株如4tm-52R1和4tm-52R2天门菌株的部分菌株。第Ⅳ种类型,对4种不同品种致病力均较弱,使其均表现抗病,代表菌株如1cd3-29菌株。第V种类型,对银瑞361和冀棉11号两个品种致病力中等,使其表现耐病,对豫棉21和中棉所8号两个品种致病力较弱,使其表现感病,代表菌株如1cd3-38菌株。
(3)同一鉴别品种的不同株行对同一菌株的抗性表现出明显的差异,说明鉴别品种在抗病性的纯度方面有很大的差异,提高品种纯度,可以大幅度地提高品种对棉花黄萎病的鉴别能力。
(4)利用助壮素对棉苗种子进行浸种处理和发芽后水培处理可以达到壮苗的效果。本试验通过对不同浓度助壮素溶液组合进行浸种处理和水培处理,观察、记录、比较、分析在子叶期、一叶一心期、两叶一心期(即移栽期)各处理棉苗生长状况。试验结果显示,仅仅在浸种时处理会导致棉苗矮化但仍瘦弱,浸种200ppm和水培200ppm对于壮苗有良好效果,其鲜重较高,各个节间长度较短,有利于棉苗后期生长。
Verticillium dahliae is one kind of fungal soil-borne diseases in the world spreading all over the cotton production areas, so it is called "cotton cancer". Hubei Province, as one of the main production areas of cotton in Yangtze River, is one of six major cotton-producing provinces, and cotton is the province's biggest economic crops besides the main grain crops. But in recent years, due to the climate instability and neglecting of seed transporting quarantine and other factors, the effects on yield and quality of cotton production in Hubei Province occurred due to Verticillium wilt is increasing year by year showing a variety of disease symptoms in the field type. To do this, finding out the interaction rules between different Verticillium dahliae from different areas of Hubei and different kinds of varieties is important for the control of cotton Verticillium wilt.
In order to find out the law of interaction between Verticillium wilt bacteria in Hubei Province with varieties of Cotton,32 representative strains from different regions of Hubei province and 4 different cotton varieties and their plant strains with different resistance to pathotypes were selected to do this research. Secondly, this study mainly based on nutrient water floating nursery seedling technology, and some research have been done about the strengthened seedling, mainly to identify the most effective combination of Mepiquat Chloride concentration. The main results are as follows:
(1) According to the pathogenic changes represented on the interactions of the five non-defoliating pathotypes 1cd11-b、1cd3-2、1cd21-b、ve10 and ve5 with cotton varieties of Zhongmiansuo 8 and Jimian 11, the non-defoliating pathotypes could be divided into three types. TypeⅠ, the pathotype that performance resistance on Zhongmiansuo 8, and sensitivity on Jimian 11, represented by non-defoliating pathotype 1cd11-b. TypeⅡ, the pathotype that performance sensitivity on Zhongmiansuo 8, and resistance on Jimian 11, represented by non-defoliating pathotype 1cd3-2. TypeⅢ, the pathotypes that performance resistance both on Zhongmiansuo 8 and Jimian 11, including pathotypes 1cd21-b, ve10 and ve5. The interaction results between these three types of pathotype with t Zhongmiansuo 8-3 and Jimian 11-5, which seleced from the cross-strain lines of different kinds of varieties, further confirmed that classification and proved the resistance differentiation between non-defoliating pathotypes and cotton varieties.
(2) According to the pathogenic changes represented on the interactions of the 27 defoliating pathotypes with cotton varieties of Zhongmiansuo 8, Yumian 21, Yinrui 361 and Jimian 11, the defoliating pathotypes could be divided into five types. TypeⅠ, the pathotypes that performance sensitivity on all of the four kinds of varieties, represented by pathotype 1cd3-33, 1cd3-1 and most pathotypes gathered from Caidian. TypeⅡ, the pathotype that performance resistance on Yinrui 361, and sensitivity on the other three kinds of varieties, represented by pathotype lhnw-1. TypeⅢ, the pathotype that performance resistance on Yinrui 361 and Yumian 21, and sensitivity on Zhongmiansuo 8 and Jimian 11, represented by pathotype 4tm-52R1. TypeⅣ, the pathotype that performance resistance on all these four kinds of varieties, represented by 1cd3-29. TypeⅤ, the pathotype that performance tolerance on Yinrui 361 and Jimian 11, and sensitivity on Yumian 21 and Zhongmiansuo 8, represented by pathotype 1cd3-38.
(3) The variety purity could be improved since the adoption of cross-plant, and the disease index of cross-strain line generally change too large or too small indicating that resistance and sensitivity differentiation is apparent. Different strains of the same differential host have obvious different resistance and sensitivity performance on the same pathotype, indicating that there exists great difference on the purity of the differential host.
(4) Seed soaking and hydroponics treatment after germination seedlings using Mepiquat Chloride could achieve the effect of strengthening the seedlings. In this research, seed soaking and hydroponics treatments with different concentration of Mepiquat Chloride could find the different effect during the time of cotyledon, one leaf and two leaves. The results showed that only treat on the soaking time processing could cause dwarfism but the seedlings still shin, and soaking and hydroponics treatment with 200ppm has a positive effect, having higher fresh weight, shorter length of each section, which is conducive to the late growth.
本实验对选自湖北省不同地区的32个代表性菌株与4个生产上抗性表现不同的鉴别品种之间的互作进行研究,以期寻找出湖北省棉花黄萎病菌不同致病力菌株与品种互作过程中的规律。其次,本实验主要以营养液漂浮育苗即水浮育苗技术为基础进行,对于水浮育苗壮苗培育也进行了研究,主要是为了找出助壮素处理最有效的壮苗浓度组合。所得主要结果如下：
(1)根据5个非落叶型菌株1cd11-b、1cd3-2、1cd21-b、ve10及ve5在中棉所8号和冀棉11号上表现出的致病力分化现象,可将非落叶型黄萎病菌划分为三个类型。第1种类型：对中棉所8号致病力较弱,使其表现抗病,对冀棉11号致病力较强,使其表现感病,代表菌株如1cd11-b菌株。第11种类型：对中棉所8号致病力较强,使其表现感病,对冀棉11号致病力较弱,使其表现抗病,代表菌株如lcd3-2菌株。第111种类型：对中棉所8号和冀棉11号致病力均较弱,使其均表现抗病,包括1cd21-b、ve10、ve5三种菌株。选取两个鉴别品种的自交株行中棉所8号-3和冀棉11号-5为新的鉴别品种,从这两个株行材料与三种代表菌株互作结果进一步肯定了以上三种分类方式,更加明确地证实了非落叶型菌株与棉苗品种之间存在抗性分化。
(2)根据不同地区的27个落叶型菌株与银瑞361、中棉所8号、豫棉21、冀棉11号4种鉴别品种互作的反应类别将落叶型菌株分为五种类型。第Ⅰ种类型,对四个鉴别品种致病力均较强,四种品种在其作用下均表现感病,包括1cd3-1、1cd3-33等蔡甸大部分菌株、麻城菌株、江陵菌株、石首菌株、天门部分菌株、农科院菌株、仙桃菌株。第Ⅱ种类型,对银瑞361致病力较弱,使其表现抗病,对其他三个品种致病力较强,使其表现感病,代表菌株如1hnw-1华农网室菌株。第Ⅲ种类型,对银瑞361和豫棉2两个品种致病力较弱,使其表现抗病,对中棉所8号和冀棉11号致病力较强,使其表现感病,代表菌株如4tm-52R1和4tm-52R2天门菌株的部分菌株。第Ⅳ种类型,对4种不同品种致病力均较弱,使其均表现抗病,代表菌株如1cd3-29菌株。第V种类型,对银瑞361和冀棉11号两个品种致病力中等,使其表现耐病,对豫棉21和中棉所8号两个品种致病力较弱,使其表现感病,代表菌株如1cd3-38菌株。
(3)同一鉴别品种的不同株行对同一菌株的抗性表现出明显的差异,说明鉴别品种在抗病性的纯度方面有很大的差异,提高品种纯度,可以大幅度地提高品种对棉花黄萎病的鉴别能力。
(4)利用助壮素对棉苗种子进行浸种处理和发芽后水培处理可以达到壮苗的效果。本试验通过对不同浓度助壮素溶液组合进行浸种处理和水培处理,观察、记录、比较、分析在子叶期、一叶一心期、两叶一心期(即移栽期)各处理棉苗生长状况。试验结果显示,仅仅在浸种时处理会导致棉苗矮化但仍瘦弱,浸种200ppm和水培200ppm对于壮苗有良好效果,其鲜重较高,各个节间长度较短,有利于棉苗后期生长。
Verticillium dahliae is one kind of fungal soil-borne diseases in the world spreading all over the cotton production areas, so it is called "cotton cancer". Hubei Province, as one of the main production areas of cotton in Yangtze River, is one of six major cotton-producing provinces, and cotton is the province's biggest economic crops besides the main grain crops. But in recent years, due to the climate instability and neglecting of seed transporting quarantine and other factors, the effects on yield and quality of cotton production in Hubei Province occurred due to Verticillium wilt is increasing year by year showing a variety of disease symptoms in the field type. To do this, finding out the interaction rules between different Verticillium dahliae from different areas of Hubei and different kinds of varieties is important for the control of cotton Verticillium wilt.
In order to find out the law of interaction between Verticillium wilt bacteria in Hubei Province with varieties of Cotton,32 representative strains from different regions of Hubei province and 4 different cotton varieties and their plant strains with different resistance to pathotypes were selected to do this research. Secondly, this study mainly based on nutrient water floating nursery seedling technology, and some research have been done about the strengthened seedling, mainly to identify the most effective combination of Mepiquat Chloride concentration. The main results are as follows:
(1) According to the pathogenic changes represented on the interactions of the five non-defoliating pathotypes 1cd11-b、1cd3-2、1cd21-b、ve10 and ve5 with cotton varieties of Zhongmiansuo 8 and Jimian 11, the non-defoliating pathotypes could be divided into three types. TypeⅠ, the pathotype that performance resistance on Zhongmiansuo 8, and sensitivity on Jimian 11, represented by non-defoliating pathotype 1cd11-b. TypeⅡ, the pathotype that performance sensitivity on Zhongmiansuo 8, and resistance on Jimian 11, represented by non-defoliating pathotype 1cd3-2. TypeⅢ, the pathotypes that performance resistance both on Zhongmiansuo 8 and Jimian 11, including pathotypes 1cd21-b, ve10 and ve5. The interaction results between these three types of pathotype with t Zhongmiansuo 8-3 and Jimian 11-5, which seleced from the cross-strain lines of different kinds of varieties, further confirmed that classification and proved the resistance differentiation between non-defoliating pathotypes and cotton varieties.
(2) According to the pathogenic changes represented on the interactions of the 27 defoliating pathotypes with cotton varieties of Zhongmiansuo 8, Yumian 21, Yinrui 361 and Jimian 11, the defoliating pathotypes could be divided into five types. TypeⅠ, the pathotypes that performance sensitivity on all of the four kinds of varieties, represented by pathotype 1cd3-33, 1cd3-1 and most pathotypes gathered from Caidian. TypeⅡ, the pathotype that performance resistance on Yinrui 361, and sensitivity on the other three kinds of varieties, represented by pathotype lhnw-1. TypeⅢ, the pathotype that performance resistance on Yinrui 361 and Yumian 21, and sensitivity on Zhongmiansuo 8 and Jimian 11, represented by pathotype 4tm-52R1. TypeⅣ, the pathotype that performance resistance on all these four kinds of varieties, represented by 1cd3-29. TypeⅤ, the pathotype that performance tolerance on Yinrui 361 and Jimian 11, and sensitivity on Yumian 21 and Zhongmiansuo 8, represented by pathotype 1cd3-38.
(3) The variety purity could be improved since the adoption of cross-plant, and the disease index of cross-strain line generally change too large or too small indicating that resistance and sensitivity differentiation is apparent. Different strains of the same differential host have obvious different resistance and sensitivity performance on the same pathotype, indicating that there exists great difference on the purity of the differential host.
(4) Seed soaking and hydroponics treatment after germination seedlings using Mepiquat Chloride could achieve the effect of strengthening the seedlings. In this research, seed soaking and hydroponics treatments with different concentration of Mepiquat Chloride could find the different effect during the time of cotyledon, one leaf and two leaves. The results showed that only treat on the soaking time processing could cause dwarfism but the seedlings still shin, and soaking and hydroponics treatment with 200ppm has a positive effect, having higher fresh weight, shorter length of each section, which is conducive to the late growth.
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43.张胜昔,李国荣,孟庆忠.湖北省棉花抗病育种存在的问题及技术对策.湖北农业科学,2007,46(6)：893-896.
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47.章元寿,王建新,方中达.大丽轮枝菌毒素的脂肪组分对棉花致萎活性研究.真菌学报,1992,11(3)：229-233.
48.周明炎.湖北棉花生产技术手册.北京：中国农业出版社,2007,129-130.
49.朱荷琴,宋晓轩,孙君灵,苗子胜.棉花黄萎病菌安阳菌系致病类型变异研究.棉花学报,1999,11(6)：312-317.
50.朱荷琴,宋晓轩,简桂良.棉花黄萎病菌致病力变异生理机制的初步研究.棉花学报,2004,16(5)：275-279.
51.朱有勇,王云月等.棉花黄萎病菌致病类型及其分子指纹分析.中国农业科学.1998,31(3)：56-61.
52.祝水金,高燕会,房卫平等.高抗黄萎病的低酚棉种质系中5629的选育与抗性机理研究.棉花学报,2004,16(5)：307-322.
53.张兴华,田绍仁,李捷等.棉花抗棉铃虫性室内生物测定棉叶活力保鲜技术研究.江西农业学报,2009,21(5)：81-84.
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58. Chen P, Lee B, Robb J. Tolerance to a non-host isolate of Verticillium dahliae in tomato. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,2004,64:283-291.
59. Devey ME, Roose ML. Genetic analysis of Verticillium wilt tolerance in cotton using pedigree data from three crosses. Theor App Genet,1987,74(1):162-167.
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61. Dong HZ, Li WJ, Zhang DM, Tang W. Differential expression of induced resistance by an aqueous extract of killed Penicillium chrysogenum against Verticillium wilt of cotton. Crop Protection,2003,22:129-134.
62. Eastburn DM, Chang RJ. Verticillium dahliae:A Causal Agent of Root Discoloration of Horseradish in Illinois. Plant Disease,1994,78(5):496-498.
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2.陈旭升,陈永首,黄骏麒.黄萎病菌致萎毒素引起棉苗维管系统变化的电镜观察.棉花学报,1998,10(2)：111-112.
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28.齐俊生,马存,赵良忠,刘素恩.海岛棉品种抗黄萎病遗传规律初步研究.棉花学报,2000,12(4)：169-171.
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30.冉鸿昌,肖炎农,姜道宏,李国庆.湖北省棉花黄萎病菌致病力分化和遗传多样性分析.华中农业大学学报,2005,24(5)：442-447.
31.邵家丽,缪卫国,刘海洋等.新疆主要棉区棉花黄萎病菌致病力分化及其遗传多样性分析.新疆农业科学,2009,46(1)：122-127.
32.沈其益.棉花病害基础研究与防治.北京：科学出版社,1992,128-151.
33.宋惠安.植物生长调节剂在棉花生产上的应用.江西棉花,2004,26(3)：38-38.
34.汤海军,周建斌等.矮壮素浸种对不同小麦品种萌发生长及水分利用效率的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(5)：29-34.
35.吴洵耻,杨翠云,姜士理.山东省棉花黄姜病菌“种”的鉴定.山东农业大学学报,1984,(1)：105-112.
36.吴夫安,赵永民等.我国棉花抗黄萎病育种现状.中国棉花学会2010年年会论文汇编.
37.吴献忠.棉花黄萎病菌致病机理的初步研究.莱阳农学院学报,1992,9(3)：235-237.
38.吴征彬,李静,冯纯大,张金发.棉花抗黄萎病鉴定技术研究.湖北农业科学.1999,(5)：16-19.
39.颜绍镛.棉花壮苗及其生产意义.四川农业科技,1991,2：14-14.
40.袁立文,胡醒友等.棉花黄萎病在石河子棉区发病重的原因分析.新疆农垦科技,2010,4：35-36.
41.张丽萍.新疆棉花黄萎病发病规律及品种抗性的研究.[硕士毕业论文].石河子：石河子大学图书馆,2006.
42.张天真,周兆华,阂留芳等.棉花对黄萎病的抗性遗传模式及抗(耐)病品种的选育技术.作物学报,2000,26(6)：673-680.
43.张胜昔,李国荣,孟庆忠.湖北省棉花抗病育种存在的问题及技术对策.湖北农业科学,2007,46(6)：893-896.
44.张绪振,张树琴,陈吉棣等.我国棉花黄萎病菌“种”的鉴定.植物病理学报,1981,11(3)：13-18.
45.章元寿,王建新,方中达.大丽轮枝菌毒素致萎活性成分的研究.真菌学报.1990,9(1)：69-72.
46.章元寿,王建新,周明国等.棉花黄萎病菌毒素对棉花作用机制的初步探讨.植物病理学报,1991,21(1)：49-51.
47.章元寿,王建新,方中达.大丽轮枝菌毒素的脂肪组分对棉花致萎活性研究.真菌学报,1992,11(3)：229-233.
48.周明炎.湖北棉花生产技术手册.北京：中国农业出版社,2007,129-130.
49.朱荷琴,宋晓轩,孙君灵,苗子胜.棉花黄萎病菌安阳菌系致病类型变异研究.棉花学报,1999,11(6)：312-317.
50.朱荷琴,宋晓轩,简桂良.棉花黄萎病菌致病力变异生理机制的初步研究.棉花学报,2004,16(5)：275-279.
51.朱有勇,王云月等.棉花黄萎病菌致病类型及其分子指纹分析.中国农业科学.1998,31(3)：56-61.
52.祝水金,高燕会,房卫平等.高抗黄萎病的低酚棉种质系中5629的选育与抗性机理研究.棉花学报,2004,16(5)：307-322.
53.张兴华,田绍仁,李捷等.棉花抗棉铃虫性室内生物测定棉叶活力保鲜技术研究.江西农业学报,2009,21(5)：81-84.
54. Atibalentja N, Eastburn DM. Verticillium dahliae Resistance in Horseradish Germ Plasm from the University of Illinois Collection. Plant Disease,1998,82(2):176-180.
55. Bell AA. Phytoalexin production and Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. Phytopathology,1969,59:1119-1127.
56. Bewleyw F. "Sleep disease" of the tomato. Ann. Appl.Biol,1922,9:116-134.
57. Carpenter CW. The verticillium wilt Problem (Abstract) PhytoPathology,1914, (4): 393.
58. Chen P, Lee B, Robb J. Tolerance to a non-host isolate of Verticillium dahliae in tomato. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,2004,64:283-291.
59. Devey ME, Roose ML. Genetic analysis of Verticillium wilt tolerance in cotton using pedigree data from three crosses. Theor App Genet,1987,74(1):162-167.
60. Dobinson KF, Tenuta GK, Lazarovits G. Occurrence of race 2 of verticcillium dahliae in processing tomato fields in southwestern Ontario. CANZDIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY,1996,18:55-58.
61. Dong HZ, Li WJ, Zhang DM, Tang W. Differential expression of induced resistance by an aqueous extract of killed Penicillium chrysogenum against Verticillium wilt of cotton. Crop Protection,2003,22:129-134.
62. Eastburn DM, Chang RJ. Verticillium dahliae:A Causal Agent of Root Discoloration of Horseradish in Illinois. Plant Disease,1994,78(5):496-498.
63. Elena K. Genetic relationships among Verticillium dahliae isolates from cotton in Greece based on vegetative compatibility. European Journal of Plant Pathology,1999, 105:609-616.
64. Flor HH. Current status of the gene-for-gene concept. Annu Rev PhytoPathol,1971,9: 275-296.
65. Hahn MG. Mierobial elieitors and their receptors in Plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 1996,34:387-412.
66. Jabnoun-Khiareddine H, Daami-Remadi M, Ayed F, Mahjoub ME. First report of verticillium wilt of melon caused by Verticillium dahliae in Tunisia. Plant Pathology, 2007,56,726.
67. Joequim TR, Rowe RC. Reassessment of vegetative compatibility relationships among strains of verticillium dahliae using nitrate no-utilizing mutants. Phytopathology,1990,80(11):1160-1166.
68. Keen NT, Long M. Isolation of a protein lipopolysaccharide complex from Verticillium albo-atrum. Physiol Plant Path,1972,2:307-315.
69. Kenneth C, et al. A root-injection method to assess verticillium wilt resistance of peppermint (Mentha_piperita L.) and its use in identifying resistant somaclones of cv. Black Mitcham Euphytica,1999,106:223-230.
70. Oktay Erdogan, Kemal Benlioglu. Biological control of Verticillium wilt on cotton by the use of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. under field conditions. Biological Control, 2010,53:39-45.
71. Olivier Restif, Koella JC. Concurrent Evolution of Resistance and Tolerance to Pathogens. The American Naturalist,2004,164(4):90-102.
72. Paplomatas EJ, Elena K, Tsagkarakou A. Screening tomato and cucurbit rootstocks for resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin,2000,30: 239-242.
73. Puhalh JE, Hummel M. Vegetative compatibility group within Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology,1983,73:1305-1308.
74. Rafael M, Jimenez-Diaz. Differentiation of cotton-defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae by RAPD and specific PCR analyses. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2000,106:507-517.
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