基于SOA的分布式城管指挥协同工作系统的研究与实现
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摘要
当前,电子政务在应用中常遇到信息孤岛、异构性、可交互性差、可扩展性低等问题。而城市管理指挥系统是一类特殊的电子政务系统,市区两级部门和协同联动单位都有各自不同的指挥系统,协调通信存在着接口规范不一致与数据不一致等问题,使得系统之间的协同工作效率低下,所以有必要研究一个面向分布式环境的多指挥中心的协同工作平台。
本文在广东省计算机集成制造系统重点实验室承担的广州市城市建设管理监控指挥系统开发项目的基础上,通过对广州市城管信息化的应用现状和城市管理指挥系统的建设目标的概括,对城市管理指挥系统的工作特征进行了分析,提出并建立了一个基于SOA的分布式城市管理指挥协同工作系统的总体结构。
本文笔者仔细研究和比较分析了各种分布式计算模式,探索相关前沿技术,从而确定了本文的技术路线和研究方法;进而深入研究了SOA的原理、框架结构、基本特征、参考模型和设计原则等相关理论;研究了企业服务总线的编排模式以及XMLWeb Services分布式计算模式,深入掌握XML语言和SOAP协议;研究了各种协同工作模式的特点以及相应的应用领域;采用SOA设计原则与方法对分布式协同指挥系统的工作流程进行了分析,发现关键服务,定义了服务接口,构造了服务模型,进而优化了业务流程,建立了面向分布式结构的协同工作模型;利用Web Services技术,基于C#和XML语言编写Web服务,创建和封装了服务构件,系统化地部署Web服务,并建立了私有的UDDI注册中心,以管理Web服务的发布和查找,通过SOAP协议绑定和调用Web服务,从而建立了Web服务层;采用SOA和基于组件的技术,构建应用系统,主要开发了事件接入、事件分派、控制监督等几个业务处理系统;并利用协同机制下的通信协议和数据同步等技术,构建一个基于SOA的协同工作平台,以实现内部应用系统和外部指挥系统与Web服务层之间的数据转换与交互。
广州市城市建设管理监控指挥系统经过笔者所在的实验室近两年的开发已投入实际运行,基于SOA的监控指挥系统架构满足了广州市城市管理机制的需要,实现了较高效率的分布式应急指挥与协同联动工作,为后续的城市应急指挥系统的开发奠定了稳固的基础。
Nowadays, we encounter some problems in the procedure of e-government's application, such as isolated information islands, heterogeneous, bad interoperability, poor expansibility and so on.City Management Directing System (CMDS) is one kind of special e-government system, civic department, borough department and collaborative linkage departments all have their own directing systems, these systems' communication have problems such as variance of interface criterion and abhorrent data. Therefore, the collaborative work efficiency between systems is very low, we need to develope a collaborative work platform which is oriented distributed environment and fits for multi directing centers.
Based on the project about Guangzhou City Construction Management Monitoring Directing System which is been took charge of by Guangdong CMS Emphases Laboratory, this paper sums up the application actuality of Guangzhou City Management Informationization and the construction aim of CMDS, analyses the work characters of CMDS, and puts forward a new system structure of Distributed Collaborative Work Directing System in City Management Based on SOA.
This paper's author study carefully and make comparative analysis of a variety of distributed computing model, explore relevant cutting-edge technology, so to determine the technical line and research methods on this paper; and then study theories deeply about SOA, such as SOA principle, basic characters, reference model, design principle and so on; study ESB arrangement mode and distributed computing mode—XML Web Services,master XML language and SOAP protocol deeply; study the characteristics of each collaborative work model and their application fields; analyse distributed collaborative work directing system's operation flow, find pivotal service, define service interface, construct service model, then optimize operation flow and build a collaborative work model oriented distributed environment by adopting methods of SOA design principle and methods;use Web Services technology to programming web services based on C# and XML language , create and encapsulate service component, build Private UDDI Register Center which can administer upon services query and publish, binding and call web services by SOAP protocol, consequently build a Web Services Layer;use SOA and component-based technologies to construct application systems,mainly developed several business handling systems,such as "Incept Case System", "Handle Case System" and "Control & Supervise System"; then use some technologies under collaborative mechanism, such as communication protocol and data synchronous,to construct a collaborative work platform based on SOA.,so to realize data transformation and reciprocation between inner application systems,outer directing systems and Web Services Layer.
After two years' development by the author's laboratory, Guangzhou City Construction Management Monitoring Directing System has been running now. The architecture of Monitoring Directing System based on SOA fit for the demands of Guang Zhou City Management mechanism, implement higher efficiency distributed emergency directing and collaborative linkage work, establish steady foundation for subsequent development of City Emergency Directing System
本文在广东省计算机集成制造系统重点实验室承担的广州市城市建设管理监控指挥系统开发项目的基础上,通过对广州市城管信息化的应用现状和城市管理指挥系统的建设目标的概括,对城市管理指挥系统的工作特征进行了分析,提出并建立了一个基于SOA的分布式城市管理指挥协同工作系统的总体结构。
本文笔者仔细研究和比较分析了各种分布式计算模式,探索相关前沿技术,从而确定了本文的技术路线和研究方法;进而深入研究了SOA的原理、框架结构、基本特征、参考模型和设计原则等相关理论;研究了企业服务总线的编排模式以及XMLWeb Services分布式计算模式,深入掌握XML语言和SOAP协议;研究了各种协同工作模式的特点以及相应的应用领域;采用SOA设计原则与方法对分布式协同指挥系统的工作流程进行了分析,发现关键服务,定义了服务接口,构造了服务模型,进而优化了业务流程,建立了面向分布式结构的协同工作模型;利用Web Services技术,基于C#和XML语言编写Web服务,创建和封装了服务构件,系统化地部署Web服务,并建立了私有的UDDI注册中心,以管理Web服务的发布和查找,通过SOAP协议绑定和调用Web服务,从而建立了Web服务层;采用SOA和基于组件的技术,构建应用系统,主要开发了事件接入、事件分派、控制监督等几个业务处理系统;并利用协同机制下的通信协议和数据同步等技术,构建一个基于SOA的协同工作平台,以实现内部应用系统和外部指挥系统与Web服务层之间的数据转换与交互。
广州市城市建设管理监控指挥系统经过笔者所在的实验室近两年的开发已投入实际运行,基于SOA的监控指挥系统架构满足了广州市城市管理机制的需要,实现了较高效率的分布式应急指挥与协同联动工作,为后续的城市应急指挥系统的开发奠定了稳固的基础。
Nowadays, we encounter some problems in the procedure of e-government's application, such as isolated information islands, heterogeneous, bad interoperability, poor expansibility and so on.City Management Directing System (CMDS) is one kind of special e-government system, civic department, borough department and collaborative linkage departments all have their own directing systems, these systems' communication have problems such as variance of interface criterion and abhorrent data. Therefore, the collaborative work efficiency between systems is very low, we need to develope a collaborative work platform which is oriented distributed environment and fits for multi directing centers.
Based on the project about Guangzhou City Construction Management Monitoring Directing System which is been took charge of by Guangdong CMS Emphases Laboratory, this paper sums up the application actuality of Guangzhou City Management Informationization and the construction aim of CMDS, analyses the work characters of CMDS, and puts forward a new system structure of Distributed Collaborative Work Directing System in City Management Based on SOA.
This paper's author study carefully and make comparative analysis of a variety of distributed computing model, explore relevant cutting-edge technology, so to determine the technical line and research methods on this paper; and then study theories deeply about SOA, such as SOA principle, basic characters, reference model, design principle and so on; study ESB arrangement mode and distributed computing mode—XML Web Services,master XML language and SOAP protocol deeply; study the characteristics of each collaborative work model and their application fields; analyse distributed collaborative work directing system's operation flow, find pivotal service, define service interface, construct service model, then optimize operation flow and build a collaborative work model oriented distributed environment by adopting methods of SOA design principle and methods;use Web Services technology to programming web services based on C# and XML language , create and encapsulate service component, build Private UDDI Register Center which can administer upon services query and publish, binding and call web services by SOAP protocol, consequently build a Web Services Layer;use SOA and component-based technologies to construct application systems,mainly developed several business handling systems,such as "Incept Case System", "Handle Case System" and "Control & Supervise System"; then use some technologies under collaborative mechanism, such as communication protocol and data synchronous,to construct a collaborative work platform based on SOA.,so to realize data transformation and reciprocation between inner application systems,outer directing systems and Web Services Layer.
After two years' development by the author's laboratory, Guangzhou City Construction Management Monitoring Directing System has been running now. The architecture of Monitoring Directing System based on SOA fit for the demands of Guang Zhou City Management mechanism, implement higher efficiency distributed emergency directing and collaborative linkage work, establish steady foundation for subsequent development of City Emergency Directing System
引文
[1]Dirk Krafzig,Karl Banke,Dirk Slama,韩宏志(译).面向服务架构的最佳实战[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.14-73
[2]胡磊.使用EJB你考虑好了吗?.http://tech.it168.com/j/n/2007-07-17/200707171548937.shtml.2008年3月
[3]MSDN.XML Web Services 概述.http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/chs/default.asp?url=/library/CHS/cpgui de/html/cpconwebservicesoverview.asp.2007年12月
[4]仲萃豪,邹震.SOA趋势不可阻挡.http://www.cww.net.cn/tech/html/2007/11/7/20071171419221849.htm.2007年11月
[5]崔晓波.SOA概述.http://www.cww.net.cn/tech/html/2007/11/9/2007119101412043.htm.2007年11月
[6]周庆峰.基于SOA的工商综合业务集成平台的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文][D].北京:北京邮电大学,2007
[7]唐传祥.基于SOA的电子政务系统架构设计与应用:[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2006
[8]毛新生.SOA原理方法实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[9]陈琳.面向服务体系结构(SOA)的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文][D].上海:华东师范大学,2005
[10]李建华,陈松乔,马华.面向服务架构参考模型及应用研究[J].计算机工程,2006.10,32(20):100-102
[11]IBM DW.面向服务的体系结构详述.http:tech.ccidnet.com/pub/article/c322_a206969_p2.html.2007年4月
[12]林宗楷.CSCW现状及发展前 景.http://www2.ccw.com.cn/1995/36/135603.shtml.2007年4月
[13]柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、架构和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[14]柴晓路.Web服务架构与开放互操作技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[15]樊蓉.基于Web Services的电子政务数据交换平台的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西北工业大学,2006
[16]刘新法,叶晓俊.基于XMLBeans和Web服务技术构建SOA[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(6):1320-1323
[17]曾一,袁纲,张元平等.基于Web服务的电子政务数据交换中心的设计和实现[J].计算机科学,2007年,34(11):98-102
[18]金竹青,刘玉秀,周伟.基于面向服务架构的电予政务系统集成[J].大连海事大学学报,2007,33(6):171-174
[19]史美林.计算机支持的协同工作:概念、技术、应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
[20]董文炜.基于SOA的分布式Web应用系统的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西北工业大学,2007
[21]王建伟.基于Web Services的SOA架构设计方法的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连海事大学,2006
[22]王立鹏.基于Web Services的CSCW的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2006
[23]艾利锋.WebServices技术在行车安全综合监控系统整合中应用的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].北京:铁道科学研究院,2006
[24]杨曼.Web服务架构下UDDI机制的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[25]刘翔,刘家红,吴泉源.基于SOA架构的公安应用集成平台的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,18(28):4519-4525
[26]丁兆青,董传良.基于SOA的分布式应用集成研究[J].计算机工程,2007,33(10):246-248
[27]杨象驰,李鹏飞.基于SOA的邮政物流信息系统规划[J].计算机工程与设 计,2007,28(19):4825-4827
[28]高岩,张少鑫,张斌等.基于SOA架构的Web服务组合系统[J].小型微型计算机系统2007,28(4):729-733
[29]潘杰,陈德煜,周咨聪.基于SOA开发框架的异构工作流集成方案[J].微计算机应用,2008,29(1):99-105
[30]房鼎益,安娜,魏东等.一个基于SOA的大型分布式计算机辅助教学系统[J].计算机应用与软件,2005,22(10):130-132
[31]Scannell,E.IBM debuts SOA governance[J].Bank Systems + Technology,2006,43(5)
[32]Babcock,C.SOA goes open source[service-oriented architectures][J].Information WEEK,2006,1024:69-70
[33]Tsalgatidou A,Pilioura T.An Overview of Standards and Related Technology in Web Services.Distributed and Parallel Databases,2002,12(2-3):135
[34]W3C.Web Services Architecture[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/.2007
[35]Endrei M,Ang J,Arsanjani A,et al.Patterns:service-oriented ar-chitecture and Web Services.IBM International Technical Support Organization,2004
[36]Hammer K.Web Services and Enterprise Integration[J].EAI Jour-nal,2001,11(3):12-15
[37]Yefim Natis,Roy Schulte.Introduction to Service-Oriented Architecture[J].US:Gartns Affiler,Inc,2003.04:45-72
[38]C.Ferris,J.Farrell.What are Web Services[J].Communications of the ACM,2003,(6):76-80
[39]Fausto Ibarra.The Enterprise service Bus:Building Enterprise SOA.US:BEA systems,2004:6872
[40]Perrey R,Lycett M.Service-oriented architecture[C].Proceedings of Applications and the Internet Workshops,2003:116-119
[2]胡磊.使用EJB你考虑好了吗?.http://tech.it168.com/j/n/2007-07-17/200707171548937.shtml.2008年3月
[3]MSDN.XML Web Services 概述.http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/chs/default.asp?url=/library/CHS/cpgui de/html/cpconwebservicesoverview.asp.2007年12月
[4]仲萃豪,邹震.SOA趋势不可阻挡.http://www.cww.net.cn/tech/html/2007/11/7/20071171419221849.htm.2007年11月
[5]崔晓波.SOA概述.http://www.cww.net.cn/tech/html/2007/11/9/2007119101412043.htm.2007年11月
[6]周庆峰.基于SOA的工商综合业务集成平台的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文][D].北京:北京邮电大学,2007
[7]唐传祥.基于SOA的电子政务系统架构设计与应用:[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2006
[8]毛新生.SOA原理方法实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[9]陈琳.面向服务体系结构(SOA)的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文][D].上海:华东师范大学,2005
[10]李建华,陈松乔,马华.面向服务架构参考模型及应用研究[J].计算机工程,2006.10,32(20):100-102
[11]IBM DW.面向服务的体系结构详述.http:tech.ccidnet.com/pub/article/c322_a206969_p2.html.2007年4月
[12]林宗楷.CSCW现状及发展前 景.http://www2.ccw.com.cn/1995/36/135603.shtml.2007年4月
[13]柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、架构和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[14]柴晓路.Web服务架构与开放互操作技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[15]樊蓉.基于Web Services的电子政务数据交换平台的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西北工业大学,2006
[16]刘新法,叶晓俊.基于XMLBeans和Web服务技术构建SOA[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(6):1320-1323
[17]曾一,袁纲,张元平等.基于Web服务的电子政务数据交换中心的设计和实现[J].计算机科学,2007年,34(11):98-102
[18]金竹青,刘玉秀,周伟.基于面向服务架构的电予政务系统集成[J].大连海事大学学报,2007,33(6):171-174
[19]史美林.计算机支持的协同工作:概念、技术、应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
[20]董文炜.基于SOA的分布式Web应用系统的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西北工业大学,2007
[21]王建伟.基于Web Services的SOA架构设计方法的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连海事大学,2006
[22]王立鹏.基于Web Services的CSCW的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2006
[23]艾利锋.WebServices技术在行车安全综合监控系统整合中应用的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].北京:铁道科学研究院,2006
[24]杨曼.Web服务架构下UDDI机制的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[25]刘翔,刘家红,吴泉源.基于SOA架构的公安应用集成平台的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,18(28):4519-4525
[26]丁兆青,董传良.基于SOA的分布式应用集成研究[J].计算机工程,2007,33(10):246-248
[27]杨象驰,李鹏飞.基于SOA的邮政物流信息系统规划[J].计算机工程与设 计,2007,28(19):4825-4827
[28]高岩,张少鑫,张斌等.基于SOA架构的Web服务组合系统[J].小型微型计算机系统2007,28(4):729-733
[29]潘杰,陈德煜,周咨聪.基于SOA开发框架的异构工作流集成方案[J].微计算机应用,2008,29(1):99-105
[30]房鼎益,安娜,魏东等.一个基于SOA的大型分布式计算机辅助教学系统[J].计算机应用与软件,2005,22(10):130-132
[31]Scannell,E.IBM debuts SOA governance[J].Bank Systems + Technology,2006,43(5)
[32]Babcock,C.SOA goes open source[service-oriented architectures][J].Information WEEK,2006,1024:69-70
[33]Tsalgatidou A,Pilioura T.An Overview of Standards and Related Technology in Web Services.Distributed and Parallel Databases,2002,12(2-3):135
[34]W3C.Web Services Architecture[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/.2007
[35]Endrei M,Ang J,Arsanjani A,et al.Patterns:service-oriented ar-chitecture and Web Services.IBM International Technical Support Organization,2004
[36]Hammer K.Web Services and Enterprise Integration[J].EAI Jour-nal,2001,11(3):12-15
[37]Yefim Natis,Roy Schulte.Introduction to Service-Oriented Architecture[J].US:Gartns Affiler,Inc,2003.04:45-72
[38]C.Ferris,J.Farrell.What are Web Services[J].Communications of the ACM,2003,(6):76-80
[39]Fausto Ibarra.The Enterprise service Bus:Building Enterprise SOA.US:BEA systems,2004:6872
[40]Perrey R,Lycett M.Service-oriented architecture[C].Proceedings of Applications and the Internet Workshops,2003:116-119