混凝土斜拉桥合理成桥状态及地震响应分析研究
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摘要
随着斜拉桥跨径的增大和柔索的采用,其索力对梁体的内力影响越来越显著,已成为控制全桥受力的关键。如何合理地确定索力,使斜拉桥处于合理地受力状态,已成为斜拉桥设计中的关键问题。并且大跨度斜拉桥一般都是交通运输的枢纽工程,一旦在地震中遭到破坏,将会造成巨大的直接和间接经济损失。因此,对斜拉桥进行正确有效的抗震设计,确保其抗震安全性同样具有非常重要的意义。
论文首先简要介绍了混凝土斜拉桥的发展概况及其结构体系和结构特点;然后以实际工程为背景,运用大型有限元软件MIDAS/CIVIL 2006,建立了完整的全桥组合有限元模型;以未知荷载系数法为基础,按所取控制目标优化索力,确定合理成桥状态;然后采用倒拆—正装迭代法确定合理施工索力。
最后,采用反应谱分析方法对桥梁的地震响应进行了计算分析。其中对标准反应谱进行长周期和阻尼比修正,采用修正后的谱曲线作为输入的谱曲线;分别考虑了不同阻尼比值下该桥的纵向、横向、竖向地震响应,并对不同阻尼比情况下三向地震反应进行了分析对比。
本文的工作取得一些初步的研究成果,可为大跨斜拉桥设计提供参考。
With the increasing of the span and the using of the flexibility cable, the cable forces have more and more important influence on the distribution of internal force of the whole structure system and they have become the key to control the forcing of the whole bridge. So, how to reasonably determine the cable forces to make the internal force state of the cable-stayed bridge rational has become the key point in the design of cable-stayed bridges. And also, long span cable-stayed bridges generally are the key structures of transportation system. Great direct and indirect economic loss will be caused if these bridges get damaged in an earthquake. Therefore the correct and effective earthquake resistance design and assurance of earthquake safety of cable-stayed bridges have the same importance.
Firstly, the development situation, structural systems and structural characteristics of concrete cable-stayed bridge are presented in this thesis. Then the integrated finite element model based on a practical project is built up by using finite element software called MIDAS/CIVIL 2006.
Secondly, the unknown load-factor method is used which takes the minimum stress of girder and tower in the finished state as the objective function to decide reasonable finished state, then the backward analysis-forward iteration method is adopted to determine the reasonable construction cable forces.
Finally, the seismic response is calculated and analysed by means of the response spectrum analysis. In this part, the standard seismic response spectrum's long period and damping ratio are modified, and the modified spectrum curves with different values of damping ratio are input in longitudinal, transverse and vertical direction respectively, the result of the seismic response with different values of damping ratio of the bridge in three directions is studied and compared.
Some conclusions are obtained in this thesis, and can be referenced in the design of long span cable-stayed bridges.
论文首先简要介绍了混凝土斜拉桥的发展概况及其结构体系和结构特点;然后以实际工程为背景,运用大型有限元软件MIDAS/CIVIL 2006,建立了完整的全桥组合有限元模型;以未知荷载系数法为基础,按所取控制目标优化索力,确定合理成桥状态;然后采用倒拆—正装迭代法确定合理施工索力。
最后,采用反应谱分析方法对桥梁的地震响应进行了计算分析。其中对标准反应谱进行长周期和阻尼比修正,采用修正后的谱曲线作为输入的谱曲线;分别考虑了不同阻尼比值下该桥的纵向、横向、竖向地震响应,并对不同阻尼比情况下三向地震反应进行了分析对比。
本文的工作取得一些初步的研究成果,可为大跨斜拉桥设计提供参考。
With the increasing of the span and the using of the flexibility cable, the cable forces have more and more important influence on the distribution of internal force of the whole structure system and they have become the key to control the forcing of the whole bridge. So, how to reasonably determine the cable forces to make the internal force state of the cable-stayed bridge rational has become the key point in the design of cable-stayed bridges. And also, long span cable-stayed bridges generally are the key structures of transportation system. Great direct and indirect economic loss will be caused if these bridges get damaged in an earthquake. Therefore the correct and effective earthquake resistance design and assurance of earthquake safety of cable-stayed bridges have the same importance.
Firstly, the development situation, structural systems and structural characteristics of concrete cable-stayed bridge are presented in this thesis. Then the integrated finite element model based on a practical project is built up by using finite element software called MIDAS/CIVIL 2006.
Secondly, the unknown load-factor method is used which takes the minimum stress of girder and tower in the finished state as the objective function to decide reasonable finished state, then the backward analysis-forward iteration method is adopted to determine the reasonable construction cable forces.
Finally, the seismic response is calculated and analysed by means of the response spectrum analysis. In this part, the standard seismic response spectrum's long period and damping ratio are modified, and the modified spectrum curves with different values of damping ratio are input in longitudinal, transverse and vertical direction respectively, the result of the seismic response with different values of damping ratio of the bridge in three directions is studied and compared.
Some conclusions are obtained in this thesis, and can be referenced in the design of long span cable-stayed bridges.
引文
[1]王伯惠.斜拉桥结构发展和中国经验(上册)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[2]陈明宪.斜拉桥建造技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[3]严国敏.现代斜拉桥[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1996.
[4]林元培.斜拉桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996.
[5]刘士林.斜拉桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.8.
[6]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.
[7]王勋成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[8]MIDAS IT(Beijing)Corporation.MIDAS/CIVIL Analysis for Civil Structures,2004.
[9]肖汝诚.确定大跨径桥梁结构合理设计状态的理论与方法研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文,1996.
[10]王胜军.大跨刚构拱桥的组合有限元分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[11]靳欣华.斜拉与T构组合体系桥梁全桥仿真分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2000.
[12]张晓壳,陈宁,王应良等.斜拉桥的数学建模.国外桥梁,1998,2:52-56.
[13]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范(JTJ027-96)[S].人民交通出版社,1996.
[14]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术[M].人民交通出版社,2001.
[15]范立础.桥梁工程(上册)[M].人民交通出版社,2001.
[16]葛耀君.分段施工桥梁分析与控制[M].人民交通出版设,2003.
[17]宁平华等.广州鹅洞大桥科拉桥合理索力设计.第十二届全国桥梁学术会议论文集,1996.
[18]吴东升.大跨独塔斜拉桥计算分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[19]陈礼榕.大跨刚结拱桥的组合有限元分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[20]颜东煌.斜拉桥合理设计状态确定与施工控制[D].湖南大学博士学位论文,2001.
[21]杨国静.墩梁刚结和墩梁铰结矮塔斜拉桥的比较分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[22]潘彪.基于梁单元的矮塔斜拉桥施工与地震计算和合龙顶推力优化研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[23]许立强.确定斜拉桥合理成桥索力的综合方法与施工控制研究[D].武汉 理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[24]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路桥涵设计通用规范(JTGD60-2004).人民交通出版社,2004.
[25]杜正国.结构力学教程[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2004.
[26]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.(JTGD62-2004).北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[27]于建华,谢用九,魏泳涛.高等结构动力学[M].北京:四川大学出版社,2001.
[28]范立础,胡世德,叶爱君.大跨桥梁抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[29]爱德华.L.威尔逊.结构静力与动力分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[30]Anil K.Chopra.Elastic Response Spectrum:A historical Note.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2006.
[31]Masatsugu Nagai,Yozo Fujino,Hiroki Yamaguchi,Eiji Iwasaki.Feasibility of a 1400 m Span Steel Cable-Stayed Bridge[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2004,(5):444-452.
[32]S.P.Seif,W.H.Dilger.Nonlinear Analysis and Collapse Load of PC Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1990,116(3):829-849.
[33]D.Janjic,M.Pircher,H.Pircher.Optimization of Cable Tensioning in Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2003,8(3):131-137.
[34]A.Kasuga,H.Arai,J.E.Breen,K.Furukawa.Optimum Cable-Force Adjustments in Concrete Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1995,121(4):685-694.
[35]John C.Wilson,Keith Holmes.Seismic Vulnerability and Mitigation during Construction of Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2007,12(3):364-372.
[36]Erik A.Johnson,Greg A.Baker,B.F.Spencer Jr.,Yozo Fujino.Semiactive Damping of Stay Cables[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2007,133(1):1-11.
[37]Praveen Reddy,Jamshid Ghaboussi,Neil M.Hawkins.Simulation of Construction of Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,1999,4(4):249-257.
[38]韦晓等.关于桥梁抗震设计规范反应谱若干问题[J].同济大学学报,1999,27(2):24-28.
[39]项海帆,陈国强.规范化的人工地震波[J].同济大学学报,1985,(4):1-11.
[40]韦晓等.桥梁抗震设计规范实用功率谱[J].同济大学学报,2000,28(1): 98-102.
[41]王君杰,范力础.规范反应谱长周期部分修正方法的探讨[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(6):49-54.
[42]马东辉等.阻尼比对设计反应谱的影响分析[J].工程抗震,1995,(4):35-40.
[43]李龙安等.公路桥梁抗震设计规范反应谱阻尼修正方法研究[J].桥梁建设,2006,(2):43-45.
[44]赵大亮.大跨度桥梁地震反应谱的发展[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(2):79-82.
[45]姜秀娟.桩—土相互作用对桥梁地震响应影响分析[J].公路,2007,(5):45-47.
[46]申选召.混凝土斜拉桥三维地震反应研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2006.
[47]方国强.斜拉桥地震反应及其弹性约束减震研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[48]王爽.大跨度斜拉桥的地震响应研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[49]技术标准:交通部公路规划设计院.JTJ004-89公路工程抗震设计规范.人民交通出版社,1989.
[50]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动(修订版)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.
[51]颜东煌,刘光栋.确定斜拉桥合理设计状态的正装迭代法[J].中国公路学报,1999,(2).
[52]肖汝诚,项海帆.斜拉桥索力优化及其工程应用[J].计算力学学报,1998.
[53]尼尔斯J.吉姆辛.缆索支撑桥梁——概念与设计[M].金增洪译.第二版.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[54]郝超,刘民,强士中.不同主梁纵向约束方式对大跨径斜拉桥地震行为的影响[J].重庆交通学院学报,1999.
[55]胡人礼.桥梁抗震设计[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1984.
[56]李爱群,高振世.工程结构抗震与防灾[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2003.
[2]陈明宪.斜拉桥建造技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[3]严国敏.现代斜拉桥[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1996.
[4]林元培.斜拉桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996.
[5]刘士林.斜拉桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.8.
[6]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.
[7]王勋成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[8]MIDAS IT(Beijing)Corporation.MIDAS/CIVIL Analysis for Civil Structures,2004.
[9]肖汝诚.确定大跨径桥梁结构合理设计状态的理论与方法研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文,1996.
[10]王胜军.大跨刚构拱桥的组合有限元分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[11]靳欣华.斜拉与T构组合体系桥梁全桥仿真分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2000.
[12]张晓壳,陈宁,王应良等.斜拉桥的数学建模.国外桥梁,1998,2:52-56.
[13]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范(JTJ027-96)[S].人民交通出版社,1996.
[14]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术[M].人民交通出版社,2001.
[15]范立础.桥梁工程(上册)[M].人民交通出版社,2001.
[16]葛耀君.分段施工桥梁分析与控制[M].人民交通出版设,2003.
[17]宁平华等.广州鹅洞大桥科拉桥合理索力设计.第十二届全国桥梁学术会议论文集,1996.
[18]吴东升.大跨独塔斜拉桥计算分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[19]陈礼榕.大跨刚结拱桥的组合有限元分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[20]颜东煌.斜拉桥合理设计状态确定与施工控制[D].湖南大学博士学位论文,2001.
[21]杨国静.墩梁刚结和墩梁铰结矮塔斜拉桥的比较分析研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[22]潘彪.基于梁单元的矮塔斜拉桥施工与地震计算和合龙顶推力优化研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[23]许立强.确定斜拉桥合理成桥索力的综合方法与施工控制研究[D].武汉 理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[24]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路桥涵设计通用规范(JTGD60-2004).人民交通出版社,2004.
[25]杜正国.结构力学教程[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2004.
[26]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.(JTGD62-2004).北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[27]于建华,谢用九,魏泳涛.高等结构动力学[M].北京:四川大学出版社,2001.
[28]范立础,胡世德,叶爱君.大跨桥梁抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[29]爱德华.L.威尔逊.结构静力与动力分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[30]Anil K.Chopra.Elastic Response Spectrum:A historical Note.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2006.
[31]Masatsugu Nagai,Yozo Fujino,Hiroki Yamaguchi,Eiji Iwasaki.Feasibility of a 1400 m Span Steel Cable-Stayed Bridge[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2004,(5):444-452.
[32]S.P.Seif,W.H.Dilger.Nonlinear Analysis and Collapse Load of PC Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1990,116(3):829-849.
[33]D.Janjic,M.Pircher,H.Pircher.Optimization of Cable Tensioning in Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2003,8(3):131-137.
[34]A.Kasuga,H.Arai,J.E.Breen,K.Furukawa.Optimum Cable-Force Adjustments in Concrete Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1995,121(4):685-694.
[35]John C.Wilson,Keith Holmes.Seismic Vulnerability and Mitigation during Construction of Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2007,12(3):364-372.
[36]Erik A.Johnson,Greg A.Baker,B.F.Spencer Jr.,Yozo Fujino.Semiactive Damping of Stay Cables[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2007,133(1):1-11.
[37]Praveen Reddy,Jamshid Ghaboussi,Neil M.Hawkins.Simulation of Construction of Cable-Stayed Bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,1999,4(4):249-257.
[38]韦晓等.关于桥梁抗震设计规范反应谱若干问题[J].同济大学学报,1999,27(2):24-28.
[39]项海帆,陈国强.规范化的人工地震波[J].同济大学学报,1985,(4):1-11.
[40]韦晓等.桥梁抗震设计规范实用功率谱[J].同济大学学报,2000,28(1): 98-102.
[41]王君杰,范力础.规范反应谱长周期部分修正方法的探讨[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(6):49-54.
[42]马东辉等.阻尼比对设计反应谱的影响分析[J].工程抗震,1995,(4):35-40.
[43]李龙安等.公路桥梁抗震设计规范反应谱阻尼修正方法研究[J].桥梁建设,2006,(2):43-45.
[44]赵大亮.大跨度桥梁地震反应谱的发展[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(2):79-82.
[45]姜秀娟.桩—土相互作用对桥梁地震响应影响分析[J].公路,2007,(5):45-47.
[46]申选召.混凝土斜拉桥三维地震反应研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2006.
[47]方国强.斜拉桥地震反应及其弹性约束减震研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[48]王爽.大跨度斜拉桥的地震响应研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[49]技术标准:交通部公路规划设计院.JTJ004-89公路工程抗震设计规范.人民交通出版社,1989.
[50]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动(修订版)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.
[51]颜东煌,刘光栋.确定斜拉桥合理设计状态的正装迭代法[J].中国公路学报,1999,(2).
[52]肖汝诚,项海帆.斜拉桥索力优化及其工程应用[J].计算力学学报,1998.
[53]尼尔斯J.吉姆辛.缆索支撑桥梁——概念与设计[M].金增洪译.第二版.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[54]郝超,刘民,强士中.不同主梁纵向约束方式对大跨径斜拉桥地震行为的影响[J].重庆交通学院学报,1999.
[55]胡人礼.桥梁抗震设计[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1984.
[56]李爱群,高振世.工程结构抗震与防灾[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2003.