沿海地区风场特性实测分析与大跨度桥梁抖振响应研究
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摘要
大跨度桥梁桥位处风场特性是桥梁风工程领域中的基础性研究之一,桥位处风场特性的实测研究成果,可为桥梁抗风设计和风洞试验风场模拟提供依据。抖振响应现场实测结果可为完善桥梁抖振分析理论,验证风洞试验、改进风洞试验技术提供重要参数。
本文在我国沿海地区风场特性长期连续现场实测基础上,提出沿海地区强风和季风的风场特性参数,如平均风速、平均风向、平均风攻角、风速剖面、紊流强度、紊流积分尺度、紊流功率谱以及脉动风速空间相关性等参数,并对这些风特性参数进行了深入分析。开展了斜风作用下分离式钢箱梁断面气动力现场实测和节段模型风洞测压试验,研究了斜风作用下分离式钢箱梁断面气动力分布特性、断面的静力三分力系数以及气动导纳函数。结合现场实测、全桥气弹模型风洞试验和计算分析对斜风作用下大跨度桥梁抖振响应进行了综合分析。本文研究工作可以归结为以下五个方面：
1.介绍了风场特性现场实测研究的观测仪器、观测站布置,实测数据处理方法以及风场特性参数的分析方法；
2.在对我国沿海地区风场长期连续现场实测基础上,分析强风和季风气候下沿海地区的平均风速、风向、风攻角、风速剖面、脉动风紊流强度、阵风因子、摩擦速度、紊流积分尺度以及脉动风速功率谱和脉动风速空间相关性等风场特性参数,并分析了这些风参数之间的相关关系；
3.开展了大跨度桥梁抖振响应的现场实测以及全桥气弹模型风洞试验,研究了大跨径桥梁的抖振响应,分析了斜风作用下主梁抖振响应；
4.采用自主研制的同步测压系统,对西堠门大桥主梁分离式钢箱梁断面开展了现场风压实测以及相应的节段模型风洞试验研究。研究了断面的气动力分布特性,识别了斜风作用下断面的静力三分力系数以及气动导纳函数等气动参数；
5.采用现场实测获得的风场特性参数、斜风下的静力三分力系数、斜风下气动导纳函数和修正后的颤振导数等气动参数,分析了斜风作用下西堠门大桥的抖振响应,比较了不同气动导纳函数对抖振响应的影响。
Field measurement of wind characteristics is one of the basic research topics in bridge wind engineering. The wind characteristics results based on field measurement can provide a reference for the modification of wind tunnel simulation technology of natural wind, the field measurement of buffeting response can be used as a case study which provides the validation and calibration for buffeting analysis theory and wind tunnel test technology. Based on the field measurement of typhoon and strong monsoons, this paper presents the field measurement results of natural wind characteristics in coastal region of China, including mean wind speed, mean wind direction, mean wind attack angle, turbulent intensities, gust factors, turbulence integral length scales, power spectrum of wind speed and spatial correlation of gusty wind, the profiles of mean wind speed and turbulent intensity, etc.. The correlation among wind characteristics is analyzed in detail. Aerodynamic load on girder, the buffeting response under skew wind and so on are elaborated using the combined method of field measurement, wind-tunnel test and theoretical analysis. These results can provide detailed wind characteristics of coastal areas of China, which can be taken as a reference for the design and construction of other similar long-span bridges. In summary, following five aspects have been covered in context:
1. The field measurement system of wind characteristics, the observation station, data reduction and the analysis of wind parameters about the wind characteristic parameters are introduced.
2. The field data about strong wind and strong monsoon are obtained through long-term and continuous field measurement in coastal region. The wind characteristics including mean wind speed, mean wind direction, mean wind attack angle, the profiles of mean wind speed and mean turbulence intensity, turbulent intensity, gust factors, turbulence integral length scales, spectrum and spatial correlation of gusty wind and so on are obtained based on the results of field data. The relationship among of the wind characteristics is analyzed in detail.
3. Based on field measurement of buffeting response and full aeroelastic bridge model wind tunnel test, the buffeting response of long-span bridge is investigated. The influence of skew wind to buffeting response is analysized.
4. The characteristic of aerodynamic force is studied based on full scale and large-scale section model wind tunnel test by using the self-developed200channel synchronization pulse pressure measurement system. And the coefficient of three-components of aerodynamics force and aerodynamic admittance function under the skew wind are identified.
5. Based on wind characteristics of field measurement, three-components of aerodynamic force and aerodynamic admittance function under skew wind, modified flutter derivatives, a buffeting analysis method based on pseudo-excitation method for long span bridge is developed. The results show that the analysis method is valid and high accuracy.
本文在我国沿海地区风场特性长期连续现场实测基础上,提出沿海地区强风和季风的风场特性参数,如平均风速、平均风向、平均风攻角、风速剖面、紊流强度、紊流积分尺度、紊流功率谱以及脉动风速空间相关性等参数,并对这些风特性参数进行了深入分析。开展了斜风作用下分离式钢箱梁断面气动力现场实测和节段模型风洞测压试验,研究了斜风作用下分离式钢箱梁断面气动力分布特性、断面的静力三分力系数以及气动导纳函数。结合现场实测、全桥气弹模型风洞试验和计算分析对斜风作用下大跨度桥梁抖振响应进行了综合分析。本文研究工作可以归结为以下五个方面：
1.介绍了风场特性现场实测研究的观测仪器、观测站布置,实测数据处理方法以及风场特性参数的分析方法；
2.在对我国沿海地区风场长期连续现场实测基础上,分析强风和季风气候下沿海地区的平均风速、风向、风攻角、风速剖面、脉动风紊流强度、阵风因子、摩擦速度、紊流积分尺度以及脉动风速功率谱和脉动风速空间相关性等风场特性参数,并分析了这些风参数之间的相关关系；
3.开展了大跨度桥梁抖振响应的现场实测以及全桥气弹模型风洞试验,研究了大跨径桥梁的抖振响应,分析了斜风作用下主梁抖振响应；
4.采用自主研制的同步测压系统,对西堠门大桥主梁分离式钢箱梁断面开展了现场风压实测以及相应的节段模型风洞试验研究。研究了断面的气动力分布特性,识别了斜风作用下断面的静力三分力系数以及气动导纳函数等气动参数；
5.采用现场实测获得的风场特性参数、斜风下的静力三分力系数、斜风下气动导纳函数和修正后的颤振导数等气动参数,分析了斜风作用下西堠门大桥的抖振响应,比较了不同气动导纳函数对抖振响应的影响。
Field measurement of wind characteristics is one of the basic research topics in bridge wind engineering. The wind characteristics results based on field measurement can provide a reference for the modification of wind tunnel simulation technology of natural wind, the field measurement of buffeting response can be used as a case study which provides the validation and calibration for buffeting analysis theory and wind tunnel test technology. Based on the field measurement of typhoon and strong monsoons, this paper presents the field measurement results of natural wind characteristics in coastal region of China, including mean wind speed, mean wind direction, mean wind attack angle, turbulent intensities, gust factors, turbulence integral length scales, power spectrum of wind speed and spatial correlation of gusty wind, the profiles of mean wind speed and turbulent intensity, etc.. The correlation among wind characteristics is analyzed in detail. Aerodynamic load on girder, the buffeting response under skew wind and so on are elaborated using the combined method of field measurement, wind-tunnel test and theoretical analysis. These results can provide detailed wind characteristics of coastal areas of China, which can be taken as a reference for the design and construction of other similar long-span bridges. In summary, following five aspects have been covered in context:
1. The field measurement system of wind characteristics, the observation station, data reduction and the analysis of wind parameters about the wind characteristic parameters are introduced.
2. The field data about strong wind and strong monsoon are obtained through long-term and continuous field measurement in coastal region. The wind characteristics including mean wind speed, mean wind direction, mean wind attack angle, the profiles of mean wind speed and mean turbulence intensity, turbulent intensity, gust factors, turbulence integral length scales, spectrum and spatial correlation of gusty wind and so on are obtained based on the results of field data. The relationship among of the wind characteristics is analyzed in detail.
3. Based on field measurement of buffeting response and full aeroelastic bridge model wind tunnel test, the buffeting response of long-span bridge is investigated. The influence of skew wind to buffeting response is analysized.
4. The characteristic of aerodynamic force is studied based on full scale and large-scale section model wind tunnel test by using the self-developed200channel synchronization pulse pressure measurement system. And the coefficient of three-components of aerodynamics force and aerodynamic admittance function under the skew wind are identified.
5. Based on wind characteristics of field measurement, three-components of aerodynamic force and aerodynamic admittance function under skew wind, modified flutter derivatives, a buffeting analysis method based on pseudo-excitation method for long span bridge is developed. The results show that the analysis method is valid and high accuracy.
引文
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