基于框架理论的操作票自动生成专家系统
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摘要
随着计算机生成操作票系统在电力系统应用的逐渐推广,人们对其性能提出了更高的要求。国内外的相关科研人员为此进行了不懈的努力,先后开发出了多种类型的操作票生成系统。从早期的程序存储式操作票自动生成系统到现在的操作票专家系统,操作票生成系统取得了长足的发展,其性能也得到了很大的提高。但是,在通用性、实时性和出票正确率等方面仍然存在不足。
     本文介绍的操作票自动生成系统,试图为解决上述问题做出一点尝试。
     本系统是专家系统理论、面向对象程序设计方法和数据库管理系统融合的结晶。它通过采用框架表示法来描述电力系统的设备参数,建构了一个直观的、层次分明的数据结构;通过运用产生式表示法来表示变电站一次电气设备的操作规则知识,建立了一个具有通用性的知识库;通过采集SCADA系统的实时数据来刷新设备状态,保证了设备状态的实时性,确保了开票的正确率;通过使用面向对象编程语言Visual C++6.0和数据库管理系统Microsoft Access,实现了系统的开发。本系统具有以下一些主要特点:
     (1)实时性。通过与SCADA系统的连接,利用SCADA数据库里的实时数据刷新本系统的设备状态,使之与现场实际状态相符。
     (2)实用性。本系统开发了一个功能强大的图形软件包,用户可以根据现场设备的变化自行修改变电站一次系统图,甚至可以自行扩展。
     (3)通用性。本系统的知识库是建立在电力系统一般知识和客户提供的变电站的特殊知识的基础上的,因而本系统基本上无需修改即可应用于其它变电站。
     (4)多种开票方式,保证了较高的出票正确率。由于本系统有3种操作票生成模式(自动生成、调用典型票和手工编写),故能满足各种操作任务开票的需要。
     (5)动画预演。在系统生成操作票后,可通过操作票预演功能把操作票中的一次设备操作项目用动画形式在变电站一次系统图上逐项展示,从而起到检查操作项目及培训新手的作用。
     (6)用户的分级管理。通过划分操作权限,对用户进行分级管理,保证系统的安全性。
     本系统已在湖南省张家界电业局投入运行。
After expert system technology was introduced to research automatically forming system of operation tickets, many progresses had made at many aspects of the system's performance. But, some faults are still survived at aspects of generalness, real time, etc.
    An expert system based on frame theory for automatic generating operation sequences of substation is introduced in this paper. The parameters of power system are described with the reproach of frame knowledge representation, and an obvious and clear data structure is constructed. The operating rules of substation equipments are depicted by the reproach of production representation, and a general knowledge data is formed. The equipments' state of the expert system global database is renewed with the real time datum from SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system. A practical and intelligent expert system has been developed with the combination of expert system theory and the object-oriented language Visual C++.
    The main distinguishing features of the system are the following:
    1) The system has interface with SCADA system, and can renew its global database's equipments state with the real time datum from SCADA system.
    2) The system develops a strong figure software. Users can initialize and modify substation drawing easily.
    3) The system can apply to all kinds of substations, if some modifications are done to its knowledge base.
    4) Three modes are provided to form operation tickets, they are automatically forming mode, modifying typical tickets mode and manual writing mode.
    5) The operating items can be previewed in substation drawing.
    6) Users are graded according to their purview.
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