番石榴叶和幼果降糖成分开发研究
摘要
番石榴( Psidium guajava Linn1)为桃金娘科(Myrtaces)植物,最早在美洲热带地区发现,世界热带与亚热带地区均有分布,生于旷野或村庄附近。我国广西、广东、福建、四川和江西等省、自治区有栽培,台湾地区盛产。
在番石榴种植和生长过程中会产生副产物——幼果和叶,大量的幼果和叶是被种植户丢弃。这两种副产物都可入药,广东中药材标准记载它们的主要功效是涩肠止泻,收敛止血,用于泄泻,下痢不止。国内外民间很早就用番石榴来降低血糖,近十几年来,经过研究人员大量的实验证明番石榴中的黄酮和多糖均有降血糖功效。将番石榴幼果和叶开发成降糖健康产品,可实现“变废为宝”。
本课题以番石榴种植和生长过程中产生的副产物——番石榴幼果和叶为研究对象,以其降糖功效为切入点,研究其降糖成分——番石榴总黄酮和番石榴多糖的提取工艺,并开发出以番石榴幼果和叶为原料的降糖产品。本课题研究内容包括:①研究了番石榴叶和幼果中总黄酮和多糖的检测方法;②对广州地区不同地域不同品种的番石榴叶和幼果中总黄酮和多糖含量进行了比较研究;③对番石榴幼果中降糖成分提取工艺初步研究;④对番石榴叶中总黄酮提取纯化的小试、中试工艺进行了大量的优化实验研究;⑤对番石榴幼果水提物和叶总黄酮干膏提取物的降糖效果进行了动物实验验证。
本研究的创新点在于:①首次对广州地区不同品种不同产地的番石榴叶和幼果中总黄酮和多糖含量进行了比较研究;②首次对番石榴幼果中的降糖成分进行研究;③通过大量的优化实验建立起番石榴叶黄酮提取纯化工艺并比较了两种中试提取方式,最终确定了适合工业生产的提取纯化工艺;④利用番石榴叶黄酮提取物开发出一种降糖药物组合并申请了专利。
Guava (Psidium guajava Linn1) belongs in Myrtaceae. Other names of guava are Fan Ren, Jishi Fruit, Fan Tao. They are firstly found in tropical America, and are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and are in the wild area or near the village. They are cultivated in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan and Jiangxi provinces in China, and rich in Taiwan.
There will produce by-products that are unripe fruits and leaves in the process of planting guava. Both of there two by-products can be used as medicine, the main effect that is recorded in Guangdong Chinese herbal medicine standard have astringing intestinal, stopping diarrhea, stanching bleeding c. According to the literature, people have long used guava to lower blood sugar. In a nearly dozen years , It is showed that the flavonoids and polysaccharides of guava have hypoglycemic effects, after researchers completed a large number of experiments. Unripe fruits and leaves are developed into healthy products to turn waste into treasure.
The study objects of the project are unripe fruits and leaves that are by-products generated in the process of planting guava. With their hypoglycemic effect as an entry point, we study the extraction process of their hypoglycemic components—total flavonoids and total polysaccharides, and develop products whose raw materials are unripe fruits and leaves of guava. The content of study include:①study on detection methods of total flavonoids and total polysaccharides in guava leaves and unripe fruits;②study on total flavonoids and total polysaccharides content in different regions and different varieties of guava leaves and unripe fruits in Guangzhou;③preliminary study on the extraction process of hypoglycemic components in guava unripe fruits;④study on optimizing the extraction and purification process of total flavonoids in guava leaves in the laboratory and pilot scale test;⑤verification tests on hypoglycemic effects of unripe fruits water extract and guava leaves flavonoids extract.
Innovation points of this project are:①Firstly studying total flavonoids and total polysaccharides content in different regions and different varieties of guava leaves and unripe fruits in Guangzhou;②firstly studying hypoglycemic components in guava unripe fruits ;③ setting up the optimized extraction and purification process of total flavonoids in guava leaves by a large number of experiments and comparing the two pilot extraction method, and ultimately determining the industrial appropriate extraction and purification process;④developing a hypoglycemic drug combination containing guava leaves flavonoids extract, and applying for a patent.
在番石榴种植和生长过程中会产生副产物——幼果和叶,大量的幼果和叶是被种植户丢弃。这两种副产物都可入药,广东中药材标准记载它们的主要功效是涩肠止泻,收敛止血,用于泄泻,下痢不止。国内外民间很早就用番石榴来降低血糖,近十几年来,经过研究人员大量的实验证明番石榴中的黄酮和多糖均有降血糖功效。将番石榴幼果和叶开发成降糖健康产品,可实现“变废为宝”。
本课题以番石榴种植和生长过程中产生的副产物——番石榴幼果和叶为研究对象,以其降糖功效为切入点,研究其降糖成分——番石榴总黄酮和番石榴多糖的提取工艺,并开发出以番石榴幼果和叶为原料的降糖产品。本课题研究内容包括:①研究了番石榴叶和幼果中总黄酮和多糖的检测方法;②对广州地区不同地域不同品种的番石榴叶和幼果中总黄酮和多糖含量进行了比较研究;③对番石榴幼果中降糖成分提取工艺初步研究;④对番石榴叶中总黄酮提取纯化的小试、中试工艺进行了大量的优化实验研究;⑤对番石榴幼果水提物和叶总黄酮干膏提取物的降糖效果进行了动物实验验证。
本研究的创新点在于:①首次对广州地区不同品种不同产地的番石榴叶和幼果中总黄酮和多糖含量进行了比较研究;②首次对番石榴幼果中的降糖成分进行研究;③通过大量的优化实验建立起番石榴叶黄酮提取纯化工艺并比较了两种中试提取方式,最终确定了适合工业生产的提取纯化工艺;④利用番石榴叶黄酮提取物开发出一种降糖药物组合并申请了专利。
Guava (Psidium guajava Linn1) belongs in Myrtaceae. Other names of guava are Fan Ren, Jishi Fruit, Fan Tao. They are firstly found in tropical America, and are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and are in the wild area or near the village. They are cultivated in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan and Jiangxi provinces in China, and rich in Taiwan.
There will produce by-products that are unripe fruits and leaves in the process of planting guava. Both of there two by-products can be used as medicine, the main effect that is recorded in Guangdong Chinese herbal medicine standard have astringing intestinal, stopping diarrhea, stanching bleeding c. According to the literature, people have long used guava to lower blood sugar. In a nearly dozen years , It is showed that the flavonoids and polysaccharides of guava have hypoglycemic effects, after researchers completed a large number of experiments. Unripe fruits and leaves are developed into healthy products to turn waste into treasure.
The study objects of the project are unripe fruits and leaves that are by-products generated in the process of planting guava. With their hypoglycemic effect as an entry point, we study the extraction process of their hypoglycemic components—total flavonoids and total polysaccharides, and develop products whose raw materials are unripe fruits and leaves of guava. The content of study include:①study on detection methods of total flavonoids and total polysaccharides in guava leaves and unripe fruits;②study on total flavonoids and total polysaccharides content in different regions and different varieties of guava leaves and unripe fruits in Guangzhou;③preliminary study on the extraction process of hypoglycemic components in guava unripe fruits;④study on optimizing the extraction and purification process of total flavonoids in guava leaves in the laboratory and pilot scale test;⑤verification tests on hypoglycemic effects of unripe fruits water extract and guava leaves flavonoids extract.
Innovation points of this project are:①Firstly studying total flavonoids and total polysaccharides content in different regions and different varieties of guava leaves and unripe fruits in Guangzhou;②firstly studying hypoglycemic components in guava unripe fruits ;③ setting up the optimized extraction and purification process of total flavonoids in guava leaves by a large number of experiments and comparing the two pilot extraction method, and ultimately determining the industrial appropriate extraction and purification process;④developing a hypoglycemic drug combination containing guava leaves flavonoids extract, and applying for a patent.
引文
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[11] Oh WK,Lee CH,Lee MS,et al.Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava[J]. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005,96(3):411~415
[12] Ojewole JA. Hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects of Psidium guajava Linn(Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract[J]. Methods Find Exp Clin PHarmacol. 2005, 27(10):689~695
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[26]严赞开.紫外分光光度法测定植物黄酮含量的方法[J].食品研究与开发,2007,28:164~165.
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[29]刘晓涵,陈永刚,林励,等.蒽酮硫酸法与苯酚硫酸法测定枸杞子中多糖含量的比较[J].食品科技, 2009,34(9):270-272
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[2]王波,刘衡川.番石榴的降血糖作用研究[J].现代预防医学,2005,32(10): 1293-1294
[3]温靖,徐玉娟,肖更生.番石榴果实的营养价值和药理作用及其加工利用[J].农产品加工·学刊, 2009,6:11-13,17
[4]广东省食品药品监督管理局.广东中药材标准(第一册)[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2004.11:190-193
[5]王波.番石榴叶提取物辅助降血糖作用及其机制研究[D].四川大学,2007:16-17
[6]郭开平.番石榴多糖的提取、分析及降血糖活性研究[D].暨南大学,2006:5-6
[7]小兔吃德芙.糖尿病[DB/OL].百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/view/923.htm,2011.11.29
[8]邵萌,范春林.番石榴叶的化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2009,21:525-528
[9]徐鸿华.中草药彩图手册(一)[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2003:124-125.
[10] Mukhtar HM,Ansari SH,All M ,et a1.Efect of water extractof Psidium guajava leaves on U0xan.induced diabetic rats.Pharmazie,2004,59:734-735
[11] Oh WK,Lee CH,Lee MS,et al.Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava[J]. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005,96(3):411~415
[12] Ojewole JA. Hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects of Psidium guajava Linn(Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract[J]. Methods Find Exp Clin PHarmacol. 2005, 27(10):689~695
[13]王波,刘衡川,鞠长燕.攀枝花地区野生番石榴叶不同提取物降血糖作用研究[J].四川大学学报(医学版),2005,36(6):858-861
[14]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草(第五册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998:642
[15]黎肇炎,曾宝月,简锦溢等.番石榴叶提取黄酮甙对实验性四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大白鼠及正常大白鼠的降糖作用[J].广西医学院学报,1980,(1):19-21
[16]吴建中,欧仕益,陈静等.番石榴多糖对糖尿病小鼠的血糖及抗氧化能力的影响[J].中成药,2007,29(5):668-671
[17]朱碧贞.未成熟番石榴治疗糖尿病临床观察[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2002,23(4)::410
[18]钟方丽,祝波,王慧竹.番石榴叶总黄酮提取工艺的优选[J].中国医院药学杂志, 2011 ,31 (7): 567-570
[19]李玲,何字新,吴晶晶等.番石榴叶提取工艺研究[J].陕西中医,2009,30(11):1529-1531
[20]蔡丹昭,刘华钢,陈洪涛.大孔吸附树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总黄酮的研究[J].生命科学研究,2008,12(1):57-60,90
[21]程冰洁,周迎春,黄海军等.FL一1大孔树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总黄酮工艺研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2008,15(6):56-57
[22]杜阳吉,王三永,李春荣,番石榴叶中多糖分离纯化工艺研究[J].中国食品添加剂,2010:156-159
[23]刘婷.用链脉霉素诱发大鼠糖尿病筛选有降血糖活性的传统药物以及对番石榴作用的研究[J].国外医学·中医中药分册,1997,19(1):41-42
[24]糖尿病科研组.番石榴叶治疗糖尿病166例临床观察[J].广西医学院学报,1980,(1):10-18
[25]田永利,许志宇,葛林等.总黄酮类化合物含量测定方法和药理作用研究进展[J].河北医药,2010,32(15):2094-2096.
[26]严赞开.紫外分光光度法测定植物黄酮含量的方法[J].食品研究与开发,2007,28:164~165.
[27]胡明华,马方励.多糖定量检测的研究进展[J].科技创新导报,2010,30: 10-11.
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