铁路客车配件类产品生产计划与调度问题研究
|
摘要
随着产品创新的步伐加快,铁路客车配件类产品的生产模式已转变为多品种、中小批量生产方式。该类产品生产工作的核心就是铁路客车配件类产品生产企业按铁路客车生产企业安排的生产任务,按时、保质地完成配件类产品的生产。主要的工作内容是：(1)生产计划分解与能力平衡工作；(2)安排好车间作业调度工作。
论文以铁路客车车窗类产品为代表的铁路客车配件类产品的生产实际为背景,结合该类产品的生产计划与调度的实际需求,借鉴MRP和JIT相结合的生产计划与控制思想、并着眼短期零库存管理期望,以四种型号的铁路客车车窗生产实际为例,首先研究了该类产品生产计划分解与能力平衡的计算问题,建立了相关数学方程,并结合实际设计了该类产品日生产计划的编制流程和调度流程,对实际生产计划算例进行了较为细致地计算与分析,得出了有关结论。然后,在对该类产品生产作业调度问题的特点及思想分析基础上,从保证生产流程化、均衡化,避免在制品积压,确保产品生产成套性入手,设计了结合使用看板管理JIT拉动生产控制模式思想的该类产品日生产作业调度工作基本流程；同时,考虑到生产设备的不唯一性,借鉴非标准作业车间调度思想,建立了该类产品生产作业调度的数学模型,并利用了遗传算法实现了问题的求解。
论文在完成以上工作基础上,采用面向对象的技术,建立了该类产品生产计划与作业调度系统的信息模型,并采用C#2.0语言和Access数据库,在Microsoft Visual Studio 2005开发环境下,完成了系统的软件实现。
With the accelerated pace of production innovation, the production mode of the accessories products of railway passenger cars has been transformed into the multi-species, small and medium batch process. The core work of such product is that the product manufacturing enterprises of the accessories products of railway passenger cars fulfills the manufacturing task of railway passenger accessories according to the requirements of railway passenger car manufacturer enterprises on time. The main works are:(1) the work of production planning decomposition and capability balance; (2) arrangement for work of job shop scheduling.
The product of rail passenger window of railway passenger cars is taken as the background. Actual needs of production planning and scheduling are also taken into consideration. This paper utilizes production planning and control idea of a combination of MRP and JIT, focusing on management expectations of short-term zero stock. The actual production for four types of window of railway passenger cars is taken as an example. First, the problem of production planning decomposition and ability balance of the products is studied, and relevant mathematical equation is established. The preparation and scheduling process of daily production plan is designed according to the practice. Calculation and analysis for actual production plan is made, and corresponding conclusions are obtained. Then, on the basis of characteristic and the idea analysis of production scheduling problem, it is designed that the basic processes of the products daily production job scheduling with the use of JIT which is in combination of Kanban to pull production control mode from guaranteeing of the production process, balance, and preventing products from backlog. At the same time, considering the uniqueness of production equipment, taking the idea of non-standard job shop scheduling as example, mathematical model of production job scheduling is established, and the Genetic Algorithm is used to solve the problem.
Based on the above work, object-oriented technology is applied to this research. Information system model of the product manufacturing planning and job scheduling is established. The software implementation of the system is completed in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 development environment using C# 2.0 language and Access database.
论文以铁路客车车窗类产品为代表的铁路客车配件类产品的生产实际为背景,结合该类产品的生产计划与调度的实际需求,借鉴MRP和JIT相结合的生产计划与控制思想、并着眼短期零库存管理期望,以四种型号的铁路客车车窗生产实际为例,首先研究了该类产品生产计划分解与能力平衡的计算问题,建立了相关数学方程,并结合实际设计了该类产品日生产计划的编制流程和调度流程,对实际生产计划算例进行了较为细致地计算与分析,得出了有关结论。然后,在对该类产品生产作业调度问题的特点及思想分析基础上,从保证生产流程化、均衡化,避免在制品积压,确保产品生产成套性入手,设计了结合使用看板管理JIT拉动生产控制模式思想的该类产品日生产作业调度工作基本流程；同时,考虑到生产设备的不唯一性,借鉴非标准作业车间调度思想,建立了该类产品生产作业调度的数学模型,并利用了遗传算法实现了问题的求解。
论文在完成以上工作基础上,采用面向对象的技术,建立了该类产品生产计划与作业调度系统的信息模型,并采用C#2.0语言和Access数据库,在Microsoft Visual Studio 2005开发环境下,完成了系统的软件实现。
With the accelerated pace of production innovation, the production mode of the accessories products of railway passenger cars has been transformed into the multi-species, small and medium batch process. The core work of such product is that the product manufacturing enterprises of the accessories products of railway passenger cars fulfills the manufacturing task of railway passenger accessories according to the requirements of railway passenger car manufacturer enterprises on time. The main works are:(1) the work of production planning decomposition and capability balance; (2) arrangement for work of job shop scheduling.
The product of rail passenger window of railway passenger cars is taken as the background. Actual needs of production planning and scheduling are also taken into consideration. This paper utilizes production planning and control idea of a combination of MRP and JIT, focusing on management expectations of short-term zero stock. The actual production for four types of window of railway passenger cars is taken as an example. First, the problem of production planning decomposition and ability balance of the products is studied, and relevant mathematical equation is established. The preparation and scheduling process of daily production plan is designed according to the practice. Calculation and analysis for actual production plan is made, and corresponding conclusions are obtained. Then, on the basis of characteristic and the idea analysis of production scheduling problem, it is designed that the basic processes of the products daily production job scheduling with the use of JIT which is in combination of Kanban to pull production control mode from guaranteeing of the production process, balance, and preventing products from backlog. At the same time, considering the uniqueness of production equipment, taking the idea of non-standard job shop scheduling as example, mathematical model of production job scheduling is established, and the Genetic Algorithm is used to solve the problem.
Based on the above work, object-oriented technology is applied to this research. Information system model of the product manufacturing planning and job scheduling is established. The software implementation of the system is completed in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 development environment using C# 2.0 language and Access database.
引文
[1]游海波.多品种小批量生产方式下基于约束理论的生产计划与控制研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2009：1页
[2]张良扬.单件小批生产模式下的计划系统与优化算法研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2004：2-3页
[3]陈春山.济南发电设备厂生产计划与控制系统的改进研究.山东大学硕士学位论文.2007：16-18页
[4]王丽莉,张风荣.生产计划与控制.北京：机械工业出版社,2006：122-136页
[5]喻富超.加工装配式生产车间作业计划与控制系统的研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2005：7,8,4页
[6]Steven Nahmias(美)著,高杰,贺竹磬,孙林岩译.生产与运作分析(第5版).北京：清华大学出版社,2008：324页
[7]韦云东.机加车间准时制生产监控系统的研制与实现.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2008：5页
[8]吕勇.汽车制造业生产计划与控制模式研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006：3页.
[9]时春明.生产计划与控制.北京：高等教育出版社,2005：492-493页
[10]周勇,钟毅芳,万立等MRP/JIT混合系统的研究.组合机床与自动化加工技术.1998(5)：22-27页
[11]方建华,林则兴,方明伦.基于MRPII和JIT的混合控制的设计与实现.机电一体化.2000(6)：23-26页
[12]郑志民,郭伟.基于MRPII和JIT的复合生产控制策略.辽宁工学院学报.2003,23(6)：38-40页
[13]江定伟.实验性Push/Pull生产管理系统的研究与开发.高技术通讯.1994(7)：12-15页
[14]姬永清.多品种单件小批生产模式下生产计划与调度问题研究.南京航 空航天大学硕士学位论文.2005：10,62页
[15]宋立涛.中小制造企业计划管理和生产查询设计与实现.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2006：7-8页
[16]杜厚东.批量生产模式下机床厂生产计划与控制系统研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文.2006：8-9页
[17]王国新,宁汝新,王爱民.基于仿真的生产调度优化技术研究.计算机集成制造系统.2007,13(8)：1419-1427页
[18]徐俊刚,戴国忠,王宏安.生产调度理论和方法研究综述.计算机研究与发展.2004,41(2)：258页
[19]王永明.作业车间调度理论及其优化方法研究.华南理工大学博士学位论文.2008：7-8页
[20]张丽华,涂攀生.一个批处理机随机调度模型.系统工程.2006,24(3)：106-109页
[21]Huang Wenqi, Zeng Liping. Local Search Algorithm with Hybrid Neighborhood and Its Application to Job Shop Scheduling Problem. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University.2004,2:95-100P
[22]N. Jawahar, P. Aracindan, S. G. Ponnambalam. A Genetic Algorithm for Scheduling Flexible Manufacturing Systems. Advanced Manufacturing Technology.1998,14:588-607P
[23]Blackstone J H, Philips D T, Hogg G L. A State-of-the Art Survey of Dispatching Rues-for Manufacturing Job Shop Operation. International Journal of Production Research,1982,20:27-45P
[24]Kiran A S, Smith M S. Simulation Studies in Job-Shop Scheduling:A Survey. Computers and Industrial Engineering,1984,8:46-51P
[25]段亚南,何霆,褚槟生.基于自适应混合启发算法求解一类JSP问题.计算机工程与设计.2004,7(7)：1206-1207页
[26]Alexander Reinefeld. An improvement of the scout tree-search algorithm. ICCA Jounal,1983,64(4):4-14页
[27]刘民,吴澄.制造过程智能优化调度算法及其应用.北京：国防工业出版社.2008：7-10,24页
[28]Solimanpura M, Vratb P, Shankarc R.A heuristic to minimize makespan of cell scheduling problem. International Journal of production Economics, 2004,88:231-241P
[29]Allahverdi A. A new heuristic for m-machine flowshop scheduling problem with bicriteria of makespan and maximum tardiness.Computers and Operations Research,2004,31(2):157-180P
[30]Zadeh L A. Fuzzy logic and soft computing:Issues, contention and perspectives. In:Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Fuzzy Logic, Neural Nets and Soft Computing, Iizuka,Japan,1994:1-2P
[31]Pal S K, Pal N R. Soft computing:Goals, tools and feasibility. Journal of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers,1996, 42(4-5):195-204P
[32]Larranaga P, Lozano J A. Estimation of distribution algorithms:A new tool for evolutionary computation. Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2002: 35-38P
[33]Wille R. Restructuring lattice theory:An approach based on hierarchies of concepts. In:Rival I Ed. Ordered Sets, Dordrecht, Boston:Reidel,1982: 445-470P
[34]Gediga G, Wille R. Formal concept analysis:Mathematical foundation. Berlin:Springer,1999:23-26P
[35]Koonce D A, TSAI S C. Use data mining to find patterns in genetic algorithm solutions to a job shop schedule. Computers and Industrial Engineering,2000, (38):361-374P
[36]Youssef H, Brigitte M, Noureddine Z. A genetic algorithm and data mining to resolve a job shop schedule. In:8th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation,2001,2(2):727-728P
[37]Liang Wei, Yu Haibin. Learning based dynamic approach to job shop scheduling. In:IEEE International Conference on Info-tech and Info-net, Beijing,2001,3(3):274-279P
[38]Bertsimas D, Gamarnik D. Asymptotically optimal algorithms for job shop scheduling and packetrouting. Journal of Algorithms,1999,33(2):296-318P
[39]Dai J G, Weiss G. A fluid heuristic for minimizing makespan in job shops. Operations Research,2002,50(4):692-707P
[40]Bertsimas D, Gamarnik D, Sethuraman J. From fluid relaxations to practical algorithms for high-multiplicity job-shop scheduling:The holding cost objective. Operations Research,2003,51(5):798-813P
[41]Bo-Wei Hsieh, Chun-Hung Chen, Shi-Chung Chang. Scheduling semiconductor wafer fabrication by using ordinaloptimization-based simulation. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,2001,17(5): 599-608P
[42]Song D P, Hicks C, Earl C F. An ordinal optimization based evolation strategy to schedule complex make-to-order products. International Journal of Production Reseach,2006, (22):4877-4895P
[43]Shin-Yeu Lin, Shih-Cheng Horng. Application of an ordinal optimization algorithm to the wafer testing process. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans, Special Issue on Collaboration Support Systems,2006,36(6):1229-1234P
[44]王海霞.基于遗传算法的FMS调度问题研究.西安理工大学硕士学位论文.2007：39-40页
[45]朱文英,马天山.零库存管理理论在制造企业中的应用.物流技术.2009,28(8)：140-141页
[46]郑志宽.供应链环境下多级库存优化研究.山东师范大学硕士学位论文.2009：31页
[47]陈一芳,王顺林.短期零库存改进策略.物流科技.2007：105-106页
[48]蒋丽雯.基于遗传算法的车间作业调度问题研究.上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2007：41页
[49]王凌.车间调度及其遗传算法.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：69-70页
[50]任子武,伞冶.自适应遗传算法的改进及在系统辨识中应用研究.系统仿真学报.2006,18(1)：41-66页
[2]张良扬.单件小批生产模式下的计划系统与优化算法研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2004：2-3页
[3]陈春山.济南发电设备厂生产计划与控制系统的改进研究.山东大学硕士学位论文.2007：16-18页
[4]王丽莉,张风荣.生产计划与控制.北京：机械工业出版社,2006：122-136页
[5]喻富超.加工装配式生产车间作业计划与控制系统的研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2005：7,8,4页
[6]Steven Nahmias(美)著,高杰,贺竹磬,孙林岩译.生产与运作分析(第5版).北京：清华大学出版社,2008：324页
[7]韦云东.机加车间准时制生产监控系统的研制与实现.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2008：5页
[8]吕勇.汽车制造业生产计划与控制模式研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006：3页.
[9]时春明.生产计划与控制.北京：高等教育出版社,2005：492-493页
[10]周勇,钟毅芳,万立等MRP/JIT混合系统的研究.组合机床与自动化加工技术.1998(5)：22-27页
[11]方建华,林则兴,方明伦.基于MRPII和JIT的混合控制的设计与实现.机电一体化.2000(6)：23-26页
[12]郑志民,郭伟.基于MRPII和JIT的复合生产控制策略.辽宁工学院学报.2003,23(6)：38-40页
[13]江定伟.实验性Push/Pull生产管理系统的研究与开发.高技术通讯.1994(7)：12-15页
[14]姬永清.多品种单件小批生产模式下生产计划与调度问题研究.南京航 空航天大学硕士学位论文.2005：10,62页
[15]宋立涛.中小制造企业计划管理和生产查询设计与实现.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2006：7-8页
[16]杜厚东.批量生产模式下机床厂生产计划与控制系统研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文.2006：8-9页
[17]王国新,宁汝新,王爱民.基于仿真的生产调度优化技术研究.计算机集成制造系统.2007,13(8)：1419-1427页
[18]徐俊刚,戴国忠,王宏安.生产调度理论和方法研究综述.计算机研究与发展.2004,41(2)：258页
[19]王永明.作业车间调度理论及其优化方法研究.华南理工大学博士学位论文.2008：7-8页
[20]张丽华,涂攀生.一个批处理机随机调度模型.系统工程.2006,24(3)：106-109页
[21]Huang Wenqi, Zeng Liping. Local Search Algorithm with Hybrid Neighborhood and Its Application to Job Shop Scheduling Problem. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University.2004,2:95-100P
[22]N. Jawahar, P. Aracindan, S. G. Ponnambalam. A Genetic Algorithm for Scheduling Flexible Manufacturing Systems. Advanced Manufacturing Technology.1998,14:588-607P
[23]Blackstone J H, Philips D T, Hogg G L. A State-of-the Art Survey of Dispatching Rues-for Manufacturing Job Shop Operation. International Journal of Production Research,1982,20:27-45P
[24]Kiran A S, Smith M S. Simulation Studies in Job-Shop Scheduling:A Survey. Computers and Industrial Engineering,1984,8:46-51P
[25]段亚南,何霆,褚槟生.基于自适应混合启发算法求解一类JSP问题.计算机工程与设计.2004,7(7)：1206-1207页
[26]Alexander Reinefeld. An improvement of the scout tree-search algorithm. ICCA Jounal,1983,64(4):4-14页
[27]刘民,吴澄.制造过程智能优化调度算法及其应用.北京：国防工业出版社.2008：7-10,24页
[28]Solimanpura M, Vratb P, Shankarc R.A heuristic to minimize makespan of cell scheduling problem. International Journal of production Economics, 2004,88:231-241P
[29]Allahverdi A. A new heuristic for m-machine flowshop scheduling problem with bicriteria of makespan and maximum tardiness.Computers and Operations Research,2004,31(2):157-180P
[30]Zadeh L A. Fuzzy logic and soft computing:Issues, contention and perspectives. In:Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Fuzzy Logic, Neural Nets and Soft Computing, Iizuka,Japan,1994:1-2P
[31]Pal S K, Pal N R. Soft computing:Goals, tools and feasibility. Journal of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers,1996, 42(4-5):195-204P
[32]Larranaga P, Lozano J A. Estimation of distribution algorithms:A new tool for evolutionary computation. Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2002: 35-38P
[33]Wille R. Restructuring lattice theory:An approach based on hierarchies of concepts. In:Rival I Ed. Ordered Sets, Dordrecht, Boston:Reidel,1982: 445-470P
[34]Gediga G, Wille R. Formal concept analysis:Mathematical foundation. Berlin:Springer,1999:23-26P
[35]Koonce D A, TSAI S C. Use data mining to find patterns in genetic algorithm solutions to a job shop schedule. Computers and Industrial Engineering,2000, (38):361-374P
[36]Youssef H, Brigitte M, Noureddine Z. A genetic algorithm and data mining to resolve a job shop schedule. In:8th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation,2001,2(2):727-728P
[37]Liang Wei, Yu Haibin. Learning based dynamic approach to job shop scheduling. In:IEEE International Conference on Info-tech and Info-net, Beijing,2001,3(3):274-279P
[38]Bertsimas D, Gamarnik D. Asymptotically optimal algorithms for job shop scheduling and packetrouting. Journal of Algorithms,1999,33(2):296-318P
[39]Dai J G, Weiss G. A fluid heuristic for minimizing makespan in job shops. Operations Research,2002,50(4):692-707P
[40]Bertsimas D, Gamarnik D, Sethuraman J. From fluid relaxations to practical algorithms for high-multiplicity job-shop scheduling:The holding cost objective. Operations Research,2003,51(5):798-813P
[41]Bo-Wei Hsieh, Chun-Hung Chen, Shi-Chung Chang. Scheduling semiconductor wafer fabrication by using ordinaloptimization-based simulation. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,2001,17(5): 599-608P
[42]Song D P, Hicks C, Earl C F. An ordinal optimization based evolation strategy to schedule complex make-to-order products. International Journal of Production Reseach,2006, (22):4877-4895P
[43]Shin-Yeu Lin, Shih-Cheng Horng. Application of an ordinal optimization algorithm to the wafer testing process. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans, Special Issue on Collaboration Support Systems,2006,36(6):1229-1234P
[44]王海霞.基于遗传算法的FMS调度问题研究.西安理工大学硕士学位论文.2007：39-40页
[45]朱文英,马天山.零库存管理理论在制造企业中的应用.物流技术.2009,28(8)：140-141页
[46]郑志宽.供应链环境下多级库存优化研究.山东师范大学硕士学位论文.2009：31页
[47]陈一芳,王顺林.短期零库存改进策略.物流科技.2007：105-106页
[48]蒋丽雯.基于遗传算法的车间作业调度问题研究.上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2007：41页
[49]王凌.车间调度及其遗传算法.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：69-70页
[50]任子武,伞冶.自适应遗传算法的改进及在系统辨识中应用研究.系统仿真学报.2006,18(1)：41-66页