平衡节点设置对电力交易公平性的影响
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摘要
随着电力市场的日趋完善,电力交易的公平性受到了广泛关注。平衡节点的设置不同将导致市场各成员的利益分配不均。因此,对于调度和监管机构如何设置平衡节点,以及进行电网运行方式选择显得尤为重要。本文基于功率分布理论和支路输电费用守恒原则,建立了输电成本模型,研究了平衡节点选取不同将如何影响潮流计算的结果(主要包括发电机出力和网络损耗),进一步分析计算了输电成本的变化。通过IEEE典型算例及课题组成本分析软件验证了结论的正确性。该理论可为电力调度提供参考,为电力交易公平性提供依据。
Along with the electric power market gradually perfect,electric power market’s transaction fairness receives widespread attention. The different setting of slack bus lead to the benefit maldistribution in the market. So, for the dispatching and supervisory system,selecting slack bus correctly is very significant. Based on power distribution theory and branch transmission cost conservation,computation model of transmission is developed, the different slack bus choices and how it will affect the trend of mutual relations are discussed. Further,the change of electric transmission cost is discussed. According to the numerical results of IEEE-9 bus system, the theory proposed in this paper is positive, and this theory may be a reference of electric power trades。
Along with the electric power market gradually perfect,electric power market’s transaction fairness receives widespread attention. The different setting of slack bus lead to the benefit maldistribution in the market. So, for the dispatching and supervisory system,selecting slack bus correctly is very significant. Based on power distribution theory and branch transmission cost conservation,computation model of transmission is developed, the different slack bus choices and how it will affect the trend of mutual relations are discussed. Further,the change of electric transmission cost is discussed. According to the numerical results of IEEE-9 bus system, the theory proposed in this paper is positive, and this theory may be a reference of electric power trades。
引文
[1].吴政球,匡文凯,方日升,王良缘,张建平.电力市场非线性费用函数分摊公平性准则.中国电机工程学报,2006,26,(14):36-40
[2].刘继春.电力市场环境下发电公司竞价策略及市场力研究:[博士学位论文].成都:四川大学,2006
[3].黎灿兵,康重庆,江健健,沈瑜,夏清,胡左浩.电力市场监管中的信息披露与市场评估.电力系统自动化,2003,21(27):1-6
[4].简洪宇,康重庆,都百青,江健健,夏清.电力市场下“三公”调度的一种评判方法.电网技术,2005,16(29):26-32
[5].魏萍,倪以信.输电系统开放中经济问题综述.电力系统自动化,1999, 20(23):52-56
[6].舒立平.市场环境下电网安全运行策略及输电模型的研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:武汉大学,2004
[7].彭涛.区域电力市场理论与交易体系研究:[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学,2004
[8].欧家坤.发电侧电力市场中市场势力的辨识与监管:[硕士学位论文].福建:东南大学,2006
[9].张元鹏,朱利伟,曹志东,许洪强.发电侧电力市场公平性分析与探讨.山东电力技术,2000,1:31-33
[10].王平洋.电力市场竞争与电力调度.电力系统自动化,1997,2(21):10-12
[11].孙慧皎,鲍海,王小君.电网等值对计及网损时的输电成本分析.中国电机工程学报,2007,27,4:79-84
[12].苏C.A.萨瓦洛夫,电力系统的运行方式,水利水电出版社,1987:27-41
[13].Antonio Gomez Exposito,Jose Luis Martinez Ramos.Slack Bus Selection to Minimize the System Power Imbalance in Load-Flow Studies.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWRR SYSTRMS. V01. 19. N0.2. MAY 2004:987-995
[14].L.L.Freris and M.Sasson.Investigation of the load-flow problem. Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng, 1968, vol.115,no.10:1459-1470
[15].王正凤.平衡节点电压幅值影响电力系统经济运行的分析.华东电力,[J],2000,28,(9):18-19
[16].杜松怀.电力市场.北京:中国电力出版社,2003,90-98
[17].A.Zobian and M.D.Illic,“Unbundling of transmission and ancillaryservices Part I: Technical issues,”IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, May 1997 vol.12,no.2:539-548
[18].F.F.Wu and P.Varaiya,“Coordinated multilateral trades for electric power networks: Theory and implementation,”University of California Energy Institute,Berkeley,CA,POWER Report PWP-031,June 1995
[19]J.Zaborszky,G.Huang POWER Report PWP-031,June 1995 et al,“Reactive Computationally Effective Voltage and Summer Meeting ,Seattle, Washington,1984 And Real Power Control For Thermal Management,”IEEE/PES Summer Meeting ,Seattle, Washington,1984
[20].刘晓鹏,吕世荣,郭强,夏道止.特征值对运行方式灵敏度的计算.电力系统自动化,1998,12,22(12):9-12
[21].Caramaris M.C.,Bohn R.E.,and Schweppe F.C..Optimal Spot Pricing: Practice and Theory. IEEE Transaction on power Apparatus Systems, 1982,vol.101,no.9: 3234～3245
[22].Ghoufjrhnsklou H, Puttgen HB.Optimal Electric Utility Spot Price Determinations for Small Power Producing Facilities Operating Under PURPA Provisions.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1988,vol.3,no.9:575～582
[23].Kirsch L. D.,Sullivan R. L.,Flaim T. A.Developing Marginal Costs for Real-time Pricing.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1988,Vol. 3( No. 3):1133～1138
[24].Baughman M. L.,Siddiqi S. N.Real- time Pricing of Reactive Power:Theory and Case Study Results.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 1991 ,Vol.6(No.1):23～29
[25].Kovacs , A.L.Leverett.A Load Flow Based Method for Calculating Embedded,Incremental and Marginal Cost of Transmission Capacity.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,Vol.9( No.1):272～278
[26].Billinton R.,Chajar R,Evaluation of the Purposes Outage Cost of Generating Systems for the Purposes of Spot Princing,IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994 Vol.9( No.1):68～75
[27].Shirmohammadi D.,Gribik P.R,Law ETK, et al. Evaluation of Transmission Network Capacity Use for wheeling Transmission,”IEEE Trans on power system,1989,4(4):1405～1431
[28].ERC Transmission Task Force,Electricity Transmission: Realities,Theory,and Policy Alternatives,Federal Energy Regulatory Commission,Washington, D. C, October, 1989
[29].State of New York Public Service Commission CASE88-E-238,Report on Wheeling costs, New York State Department of Public Service,Albany,New York,Feburary,1990
[30].Happ H H. Cost of wheeling Methodologies[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1994,9( 1):147～156
[31].于尔铿等,电力市场,北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[32].穆刚,王华伟,韩学山.基于费用流法的输电网节点电力成本分析.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(12):36-40.
[33].蔡洋,电力系统运行管理,北京:水力电力出版社,1995:13-26
[34].杜松怀,电力市场,北京:电力出版社,2002:78-99
[35].戴彦,文福拴,韩祯祥.电力系统市场化的影响和最新发展.电力系统自动化,1999,2(23):50-54
[36].陈珩,东南大学,北京:中国电力出版社,1995:139-189
[37].张毅,钟金,白晓民.考虑网损和输电约束的发电竞价交易方法.电力系统自动化,2000,4(10):16-20.
[38].Bell Syst.J. R. Carson, Wave Propagation in Overhead Wires with Ground Return Tech.J.1926,Vol.5:539-554.
[39].鲍海,马千.电网线损物理分布机理[J].中国电机报,2005,25(21):82-86.
[40].邹云,李卫东.一类输电网损分摊方法的积分路径相关性简析.电力系统自动化,2004,05
[41].彭新宇.电力市场下的网损计算与网损分摊[硕士学位论文].浙江大学电气上程学院,2002
[42].刘梓洪,程浩忠,刘晓冬,周坚,杨立兵,赵绮绮,励刚,“国外典型区域电力市场网损分摊方法”,电力系统自动化,2003.02.25:29-32
[43].韦玉珍,卫志农.输电网网损分摊方法的研究.电力自动化备.2003.05:23-25
[44].Zhang Zuping,Fan Mingtain,Liu Liping,Chang Jianguo,Sun guoqing .A study of the Target Prediction of Line Loss Rate based on Probability and Statistics Method for Radial Distribution System,1998 IEEE, Volume 2,18-21 Aug,1998:928-934
[45].Ma Jin, Xu Jianyuan,Wang Shenghui,Lin Xin.Calculation and Analysis for line losses in Distribution Networks,2002 IEEE,Volume 4,vol.4,13-17 Oct.2002:2537-2541
[46].刘焕志,李扬,柏瑞,杨立兵.区域电力市场中实用网损计算及分摊的研究.电网技术:2003,3(27):63-67
[47].荆朝霞,段献忠,文福拴,严正,倪以信,吴复立.输电系统固定成本分摊问题.电力系统自动化,2003,16(27):94-100
[48].王建学,王锡凡,别朝红.电力市场中的备用问题.电力系统自动化,2001,8,10:7-14
[49].刘坤,王先甲,方德斌,朱中云,梁劲,张博.区域电力市场中电网公司与调峰电厂的最优合同设计.电力系统自动化,2003,10(27):27-30
[50].丁晓莺,王锡凡.考虑输电网络损耗的节点电价计算方法.电力系统自动化,2005,22(29):14-18
[51].姚诸香,左玉华,刘吉龙.实时经济调度的算法及其应用.继电器,2006,1(34):79-86
[2].刘继春.电力市场环境下发电公司竞价策略及市场力研究:[博士学位论文].成都:四川大学,2006
[3].黎灿兵,康重庆,江健健,沈瑜,夏清,胡左浩.电力市场监管中的信息披露与市场评估.电力系统自动化,2003,21(27):1-6
[4].简洪宇,康重庆,都百青,江健健,夏清.电力市场下“三公”调度的一种评判方法.电网技术,2005,16(29):26-32
[5].魏萍,倪以信.输电系统开放中经济问题综述.电力系统自动化,1999, 20(23):52-56
[6].舒立平.市场环境下电网安全运行策略及输电模型的研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:武汉大学,2004
[7].彭涛.区域电力市场理论与交易体系研究:[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学,2004
[8].欧家坤.发电侧电力市场中市场势力的辨识与监管:[硕士学位论文].福建:东南大学,2006
[9].张元鹏,朱利伟,曹志东,许洪强.发电侧电力市场公平性分析与探讨.山东电力技术,2000,1:31-33
[10].王平洋.电力市场竞争与电力调度.电力系统自动化,1997,2(21):10-12
[11].孙慧皎,鲍海,王小君.电网等值对计及网损时的输电成本分析.中国电机工程学报,2007,27,4:79-84
[12].苏C.A.萨瓦洛夫,电力系统的运行方式,水利水电出版社,1987:27-41
[13].Antonio Gomez Exposito,Jose Luis Martinez Ramos.Slack Bus Selection to Minimize the System Power Imbalance in Load-Flow Studies.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWRR SYSTRMS. V01. 19. N0.2. MAY 2004:987-995
[14].L.L.Freris and M.Sasson.Investigation of the load-flow problem. Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng, 1968, vol.115,no.10:1459-1470
[15].王正凤.平衡节点电压幅值影响电力系统经济运行的分析.华东电力,[J],2000,28,(9):18-19
[16].杜松怀.电力市场.北京:中国电力出版社,2003,90-98
[17].A.Zobian and M.D.Illic,“Unbundling of transmission and ancillaryservices Part I: Technical issues,”IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, May 1997 vol.12,no.2:539-548
[18].F.F.Wu and P.Varaiya,“Coordinated multilateral trades for electric power networks: Theory and implementation,”University of California Energy Institute,Berkeley,CA,POWER Report PWP-031,June 1995
[19]J.Zaborszky,G.Huang POWER Report PWP-031,June 1995 et al,“Reactive Computationally Effective Voltage and Summer Meeting ,Seattle, Washington,1984 And Real Power Control For Thermal Management,”IEEE/PES Summer Meeting ,Seattle, Washington,1984
[20].刘晓鹏,吕世荣,郭强,夏道止.特征值对运行方式灵敏度的计算.电力系统自动化,1998,12,22(12):9-12
[21].Caramaris M.C.,Bohn R.E.,and Schweppe F.C..Optimal Spot Pricing: Practice and Theory. IEEE Transaction on power Apparatus Systems, 1982,vol.101,no.9: 3234～3245
[22].Ghoufjrhnsklou H, Puttgen HB.Optimal Electric Utility Spot Price Determinations for Small Power Producing Facilities Operating Under PURPA Provisions.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1988,vol.3,no.9:575～582
[23].Kirsch L. D.,Sullivan R. L.,Flaim T. A.Developing Marginal Costs for Real-time Pricing.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1988,Vol. 3( No. 3):1133～1138
[24].Baughman M. L.,Siddiqi S. N.Real- time Pricing of Reactive Power:Theory and Case Study Results.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 1991 ,Vol.6(No.1):23～29
[25].Kovacs , A.L.Leverett.A Load Flow Based Method for Calculating Embedded,Incremental and Marginal Cost of Transmission Capacity.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,Vol.9( No.1):272～278
[26].Billinton R.,Chajar R,Evaluation of the Purposes Outage Cost of Generating Systems for the Purposes of Spot Princing,IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994 Vol.9( No.1):68～75
[27].Shirmohammadi D.,Gribik P.R,Law ETK, et al. Evaluation of Transmission Network Capacity Use for wheeling Transmission,”IEEE Trans on power system,1989,4(4):1405～1431
[28].ERC Transmission Task Force,Electricity Transmission: Realities,Theory,and Policy Alternatives,Federal Energy Regulatory Commission,Washington, D. C, October, 1989
[29].State of New York Public Service Commission CASE88-E-238,Report on Wheeling costs, New York State Department of Public Service,Albany,New York,Feburary,1990
[30].Happ H H. Cost of wheeling Methodologies[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1994,9( 1):147～156
[31].于尔铿等,电力市场,北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[32].穆刚,王华伟,韩学山.基于费用流法的输电网节点电力成本分析.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(12):36-40.
[33].蔡洋,电力系统运行管理,北京:水力电力出版社,1995:13-26
[34].杜松怀,电力市场,北京:电力出版社,2002:78-99
[35].戴彦,文福拴,韩祯祥.电力系统市场化的影响和最新发展.电力系统自动化,1999,2(23):50-54
[36].陈珩,东南大学,北京:中国电力出版社,1995:139-189
[37].张毅,钟金,白晓民.考虑网损和输电约束的发电竞价交易方法.电力系统自动化,2000,4(10):16-20.
[38].Bell Syst.J. R. Carson, Wave Propagation in Overhead Wires with Ground Return Tech.J.1926,Vol.5:539-554.
[39].鲍海,马千.电网线损物理分布机理[J].中国电机报,2005,25(21):82-86.
[40].邹云,李卫东.一类输电网损分摊方法的积分路径相关性简析.电力系统自动化,2004,05
[41].彭新宇.电力市场下的网损计算与网损分摊[硕士学位论文].浙江大学电气上程学院,2002
[42].刘梓洪,程浩忠,刘晓冬,周坚,杨立兵,赵绮绮,励刚,“国外典型区域电力市场网损分摊方法”,电力系统自动化,2003.02.25:29-32
[43].韦玉珍,卫志农.输电网网损分摊方法的研究.电力自动化备.2003.05:23-25
[44].Zhang Zuping,Fan Mingtain,Liu Liping,Chang Jianguo,Sun guoqing .A study of the Target Prediction of Line Loss Rate based on Probability and Statistics Method for Radial Distribution System,1998 IEEE, Volume 2,18-21 Aug,1998:928-934
[45].Ma Jin, Xu Jianyuan,Wang Shenghui,Lin Xin.Calculation and Analysis for line losses in Distribution Networks,2002 IEEE,Volume 4,vol.4,13-17 Oct.2002:2537-2541
[46].刘焕志,李扬,柏瑞,杨立兵.区域电力市场中实用网损计算及分摊的研究.电网技术:2003,3(27):63-67
[47].荆朝霞,段献忠,文福拴,严正,倪以信,吴复立.输电系统固定成本分摊问题.电力系统自动化,2003,16(27):94-100
[48].王建学,王锡凡,别朝红.电力市场中的备用问题.电力系统自动化,2001,8,10:7-14
[49].刘坤,王先甲,方德斌,朱中云,梁劲,张博.区域电力市场中电网公司与调峰电厂的最优合同设计.电力系统自动化,2003,10(27):27-30
[50].丁晓莺,王锡凡.考虑输电网络损耗的节点电价计算方法.电力系统自动化,2005,22(29):14-18
[51].姚诸香,左玉华,刘吉龙.实时经济调度的算法及其应用.继电器,2006,1(34):79-86