自动控制原理虚拟实验室的研制与开发
|
摘要
随着计算机技术、多媒体技术和网络技术的发展，产生了虚拟实验技术。尤其随着远程教育的发展，远程实验教学也逐渐被人们重视。远程实验教学被视为有效突破时空限制的教学通道，研究人员或学生可以随时随地与同行协作、共享或独占仪器设备、共享数据和计算机资源、得到教师的远程指导。因此针对远程教育的需求和传统实验的弊端，借助计算机开发相关的虚拟实验具有重要的意义。
本文首先介绍了虚拟实验的发展和现状，以及常用的几种虚拟实验技术，并对基于MATLAB Web Server的虚拟实验的开发进行了研究，探讨了此项技术的优缺点，进而提出基于MATLAB和Flash相结合的技术，利用Flash模拟实验场景、MATLAB进行后台计算和前后台通信，这种构思采纳了两者的优点，使得实验场景更加逼真，令实验者有身临其境的感觉。本课题利用Dreamweaver强大的网页制作功能、Flash强大的图形处理功能以及MATLAB强大的绘图、计算和网络功能构建了自动控制原理远程虚拟实验室。此虚拟实验室的构建包括网络服务器的配置、虚拟实验电路的设计、输入页面的创建、MATLAB Web应用程序的编写、输出页面的创建等。本文介绍了此远程虚拟实验室的构成及其研制和开发。本虚拟实验室共设计了十个实验，内容涉及线性系统时域分析、线性系统的根轨迹、线性系统频域分析、线性系统串联校正、离散系统分析和非线性系统分析。最后以两个典型虚拟实验的例子详细介绍了此远程虚拟实验室的实现过程。
这种方法设计的虚拟实验室对客户机的软硬件要求较低，功能易于扩充、便于维护和升级，并且界面美观、操作简单，针对每个实验都有实验目的、实验原理和实验步骤作为实验前的提示，并且给出实验的电路原理图和虚拟电路，在参数框中输入实验参数，点击提交按钮即可获得实验结果。它突破了时间、地点的限制，学生可以随时、随地登陆网络进行实验，修改实验参数反复进行实验，加深对知识的理解并提高动手和创新能力。
The virtual experimental technology is generated with the development of computer technology, multimedia and network technology. Especially with the development of distance education, remote experimental teaching is gradually taken by the people. It can break restrictions of time and space effectively, researchers or students can study with peers, share or monopolizes equipments, share data and computer resources, get remote guidance of teachers. Because of the demand for distance education and traditional experiment defects, the development of virtual experiment using computer is of great significance.
This paper introduces the development situation of virtual experiment and several virtual experimental technology, and then researches virtual experimental development based on MATLAB Web Server and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this technique, presents the technology based on MATLAB and Flash, using Flash to simulate scene and MATLAB to compute and correspondence. The technology adopts the advantages of them and makes the scene more realistic. The subject constructs Automatic Control Principles virtual lab using Dreamweaver powerful web function, Flash powerful graphic processing function and MATLAB powerful drawing, computing and web functions. The construction of this lab includes web server configuration, virtual experimental circuit design, input documents creation, M-Files creation and output documents creation. The paper introduces structure and development of the lab. The lab has ten experiments, covering time and frequency domain analysis of linear system, root locus and series compensation of linear system, analysis of discrete and nonlinear system. At last the process of developing the virtual lab is introduced by two typical virtual experiments.
The lab has lower software and hardware requirement of client, has advantages of easy expansion, maintenance and upgrading, also it has beautiful interface and simple operation. Every experiment has objection, theory and steps, also circuit diagram and virtual circuit, you can input parameters in parameter boxes and click submit button to get the results. The lab breaks the restrictions of time and space, students can do experiments at any time and any where, alter parameters repeatedly, it can deepen the understanding of knowledge and enhance the sets and the ability of innovate.
本文首先介绍了虚拟实验的发展和现状，以及常用的几种虚拟实验技术，并对基于MATLAB Web Server的虚拟实验的开发进行了研究，探讨了此项技术的优缺点，进而提出基于MATLAB和Flash相结合的技术，利用Flash模拟实验场景、MATLAB进行后台计算和前后台通信，这种构思采纳了两者的优点，使得实验场景更加逼真，令实验者有身临其境的感觉。本课题利用Dreamweaver强大的网页制作功能、Flash强大的图形处理功能以及MATLAB强大的绘图、计算和网络功能构建了自动控制原理远程虚拟实验室。此虚拟实验室的构建包括网络服务器的配置、虚拟实验电路的设计、输入页面的创建、MATLAB Web应用程序的编写、输出页面的创建等。本文介绍了此远程虚拟实验室的构成及其研制和开发。本虚拟实验室共设计了十个实验，内容涉及线性系统时域分析、线性系统的根轨迹、线性系统频域分析、线性系统串联校正、离散系统分析和非线性系统分析。最后以两个典型虚拟实验的例子详细介绍了此远程虚拟实验室的实现过程。
这种方法设计的虚拟实验室对客户机的软硬件要求较低，功能易于扩充、便于维护和升级，并且界面美观、操作简单，针对每个实验都有实验目的、实验原理和实验步骤作为实验前的提示，并且给出实验的电路原理图和虚拟电路，在参数框中输入实验参数，点击提交按钮即可获得实验结果。它突破了时间、地点的限制，学生可以随时、随地登陆网络进行实验，修改实验参数反复进行实验，加深对知识的理解并提高动手和创新能力。
The virtual experimental technology is generated with the development of computer technology, multimedia and network technology. Especially with the development of distance education, remote experimental teaching is gradually taken by the people. It can break restrictions of time and space effectively, researchers or students can study with peers, share or monopolizes equipments, share data and computer resources, get remote guidance of teachers. Because of the demand for distance education and traditional experiment defects, the development of virtual experiment using computer is of great significance.
This paper introduces the development situation of virtual experiment and several virtual experimental technology, and then researches virtual experimental development based on MATLAB Web Server and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this technique, presents the technology based on MATLAB and Flash, using Flash to simulate scene and MATLAB to compute and correspondence. The technology adopts the advantages of them and makes the scene more realistic. The subject constructs Automatic Control Principles virtual lab using Dreamweaver powerful web function, Flash powerful graphic processing function and MATLAB powerful drawing, computing and web functions. The construction of this lab includes web server configuration, virtual experimental circuit design, input documents creation, M-Files creation and output documents creation. The paper introduces structure and development of the lab. The lab has ten experiments, covering time and frequency domain analysis of linear system, root locus and series compensation of linear system, analysis of discrete and nonlinear system. At last the process of developing the virtual lab is introduced by two typical virtual experiments.
The lab has lower software and hardware requirement of client, has advantages of easy expansion, maintenance and upgrading, also it has beautiful interface and simple operation. Every experiment has objection, theory and steps, also circuit diagram and virtual circuit, you can input parameters in parameter boxes and click submit button to get the results. The lab breaks the restrictions of time and space, students can do experiments at any time and any where, alter parameters repeatedly, it can deepen the understanding of knowledge and enhance the sets and the ability of innovate.
引文
[1] 王国权 主编．虚拟试验技术[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．
[2] 苏建明．展望虚拟现实技术[J]．计算机仿真技术，2004，(1)．
[3] 姜学智，李忠华．国内外虚拟现实技术的研究现状[J]．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2004，(2)．
[4] 邹湘军，孙健，何汉武．虚拟现实技术的演变发展与展望[J]．系统仿真学报，2004，(9)．
[5] 范新伟，申瑞民，申丽萍．虚拟实验标准化的研究和解决方案[J]．计算机仿真，2005，(1)．
[6] 张君玺等．信息化虚拟实验室[J]．河北工业科技，2001，(5)．
[7] 陆正兴．虚拟实验室[J]．物理实验，2000，(9)．
[8] 单美贤．虚拟实验室的发展方向[J]．开放教育研究，2002，(2)．
[9] 何利等．基于虚拟技术的实验教学[H]．实用测试技术，2001，(4)．
[10] Burdea G, Coiffet P. Virtual reality technology. New York: John Wiley &Sons, Inc, 1994, 5-10.
[11] Krueger M W. Artificial reality: past and future. In: Helsel S K, Roth J P, eds. Virtual reality: theory, practice, and promise. London: Meckler Ltd, 1991, 19-25.
[12] Fisher S S. Virtual interface environment, In: Laurel B, ed. The art of human-computer interaction design. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1990, 432-499.
[13] 张再兴．虚拟现实的技术概念和研究课题[J]．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1995，(5)．
[14] 王志新，张华，黎永明．虚拟技术及其应用[J]．上海理工大学学报，1998，(1)．
[15] 杨雪，周淑红，包方华．基于互联网的虚拟实验教学中心的构建[J]．中国高教研究，2001，(1)．
[16] 宁超，张世英，高巍然，韦素媛．网络虚拟实验的研究与开发[J]．实验技术与管理，2005，(4)．
[17] Qin Shuren, Bo Lin, Liu Xiaofeng. Development of the networked virtual instrument lab for vibration measuring based on Microsoft.NET[J]. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2004, 1286-1289.
[18] 何强，何英．MATLAB扩展编程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[19] The Math Works, Inc. MATLABWeb Server[M]. The Math Works, Inc., 1999.
[20] 王宏．MATLAB的Web应用和开发[J]．计算机应用，2001，(3)．
[21] 王继成．WEB应用开发原理与技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[22] 董长虹 主编．Matlab接口技术与应用[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2004．
[23] 刘春英，张国煊．基于MATLAB网络服务器的虚拟实验室实现[J]．杭州电子科技大学学报，2005，(6)．
[24] 张志涌．掌握和精通MATLAB[M]．北京：北京航空航天出版社，1998．
[25] Huiqin Jia, Junhua liu. Developing remote virtual instrument laboratory (RVIL) based on browser/server pattern. IEEE Info-tech and Info-net, 2001: 267-272.
[26] Van.Poppel, B.P, Benson, M.J, Boettner, D.B, Arnas, A.O. Virtual laboratory development for undergraduate engineering courses. IEEE Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, 2004, 644-649.
[27] 文锋，贾光辉．自动控制理论[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2002．
[28] 黄忠霖．控制系统MATLAB计算及仿真[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2001．
[29] 楼顺天，于卫．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—控制系统[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998．
[30] Gu Hui, Li Yanshan, Chen Qi, Zhang Yuntao. One distributed virtual experiment platform model and the cooperation mechanism[J]. IEEE Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2004, 14-17.
[31] 高嵩 主编．自动控制理论实验与计算机仿真[M]．长沙：国防科技大学，2004．
[32] Zhao Aiping. Matlab Web Server and its application in remote collaborative design of magnetic bearing systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineeeing. 2001, 14(2): 179-183.
[33] 胡小平，杨健，毛征宇．基于MATLAB的Web数据处理过程研究[J]．湘潭矿业学院学报，2001，(2)．
[34] 李伟红，龚卫国，秦岚，刘嘉敏．基于MATLAB和Web技术的远程数据处理方法[J]．测控技术，2004，(4)．
[35] 蔡丽萍，李茂青，王颖．基于MATLAB Web Server的远程控制实验室仿真模块实现[J]．厦门大学学报(自然科学版)，2005，(4)．
[36] 张烈平．基于MATLAB Web的“自动控制原理”远程教学系统[J]．电气电子教学学报，2005，(4)．
[37] Shuang H Yang, James LAhy. Development of a distributed simulator for control experiments through the Internet[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2002, 18: 595-611.
[38] 唐春霞，吴晓蓓，徐志良．基于MATLAB的Web应用程序开发[J]．电气电子教学学报，2005，(3)．
[39] ZENG Jian-iiang, CHENWen-liang, DING Qiu-ling. AWeb-based CAD system[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2003, 139: 229-232.
[40] 袁大勇 编著．Flash MX教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[41] 杨戈，武浩，钟磊，陈淑鹏．Flash MX Action Script与实例高手教程[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003．
[42] 王国平 编著．Dreamweaver MX 2004网页时尚设计师[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．
[2] 苏建明．展望虚拟现实技术[J]．计算机仿真技术，2004，(1)．
[3] 姜学智，李忠华．国内外虚拟现实技术的研究现状[J]．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2004，(2)．
[4] 邹湘军，孙健，何汉武．虚拟现实技术的演变发展与展望[J]．系统仿真学报，2004，(9)．
[5] 范新伟，申瑞民，申丽萍．虚拟实验标准化的研究和解决方案[J]．计算机仿真，2005，(1)．
[6] 张君玺等．信息化虚拟实验室[J]．河北工业科技，2001，(5)．
[7] 陆正兴．虚拟实验室[J]．物理实验，2000，(9)．
[8] 单美贤．虚拟实验室的发展方向[J]．开放教育研究，2002，(2)．
[9] 何利等．基于虚拟技术的实验教学[H]．实用测试技术，2001，(4)．
[10] Burdea G, Coiffet P. Virtual reality technology. New York: John Wiley &Sons, Inc, 1994, 5-10.
[11] Krueger M W. Artificial reality: past and future. In: Helsel S K, Roth J P, eds. Virtual reality: theory, practice, and promise. London: Meckler Ltd, 1991, 19-25.
[12] Fisher S S. Virtual interface environment, In: Laurel B, ed. The art of human-computer interaction design. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1990, 432-499.
[13] 张再兴．虚拟现实的技术概念和研究课题[J]．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1995，(5)．
[14] 王志新，张华，黎永明．虚拟技术及其应用[J]．上海理工大学学报，1998，(1)．
[15] 杨雪，周淑红，包方华．基于互联网的虚拟实验教学中心的构建[J]．中国高教研究，2001，(1)．
[16] 宁超，张世英，高巍然，韦素媛．网络虚拟实验的研究与开发[J]．实验技术与管理，2005，(4)．
[17] Qin Shuren, Bo Lin, Liu Xiaofeng. Development of the networked virtual instrument lab for vibration measuring based on Microsoft.NET[J]. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2004, 1286-1289.
[18] 何强，何英．MATLAB扩展编程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[19] The Math Works, Inc. MATLABWeb Server[M]. The Math Works, Inc., 1999.
[20] 王宏．MATLAB的Web应用和开发[J]．计算机应用，2001，(3)．
[21] 王继成．WEB应用开发原理与技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[22] 董长虹 主编．Matlab接口技术与应用[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2004．
[23] 刘春英，张国煊．基于MATLAB网络服务器的虚拟实验室实现[J]．杭州电子科技大学学报，2005，(6)．
[24] 张志涌．掌握和精通MATLAB[M]．北京：北京航空航天出版社，1998．
[25] Huiqin Jia, Junhua liu. Developing remote virtual instrument laboratory (RVIL) based on browser/server pattern. IEEE Info-tech and Info-net, 2001: 267-272.
[26] Van.Poppel, B.P, Benson, M.J, Boettner, D.B, Arnas, A.O. Virtual laboratory development for undergraduate engineering courses. IEEE Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, 2004, 644-649.
[27] 文锋，贾光辉．自动控制理论[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2002．
[28] 黄忠霖．控制系统MATLAB计算及仿真[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2001．
[29] 楼顺天，于卫．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—控制系统[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998．
[30] Gu Hui, Li Yanshan, Chen Qi, Zhang Yuntao. One distributed virtual experiment platform model and the cooperation mechanism[J]. IEEE Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2004, 14-17.
[31] 高嵩 主编．自动控制理论实验与计算机仿真[M]．长沙：国防科技大学，2004．
[32] Zhao Aiping. Matlab Web Server and its application in remote collaborative design of magnetic bearing systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineeeing. 2001, 14(2): 179-183.
[33] 胡小平，杨健，毛征宇．基于MATLAB的Web数据处理过程研究[J]．湘潭矿业学院学报，2001，(2)．
[34] 李伟红，龚卫国，秦岚，刘嘉敏．基于MATLAB和Web技术的远程数据处理方法[J]．测控技术，2004，(4)．
[35] 蔡丽萍，李茂青，王颖．基于MATLAB Web Server的远程控制实验室仿真模块实现[J]．厦门大学学报(自然科学版)，2005，(4)．
[36] 张烈平．基于MATLAB Web的“自动控制原理”远程教学系统[J]．电气电子教学学报，2005，(4)．
[37] Shuang H Yang, James LAhy. Development of a distributed simulator for control experiments through the Internet[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2002, 18: 595-611.
[38] 唐春霞，吴晓蓓，徐志良．基于MATLAB的Web应用程序开发[J]．电气电子教学学报，2005，(3)．
[39] ZENG Jian-iiang, CHENWen-liang, DING Qiu-ling. AWeb-based CAD system[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2003, 139: 229-232.
[40] 袁大勇 编著．Flash MX教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[41] 杨戈，武浩，钟磊，陈淑鹏．Flash MX Action Script与实例高手教程[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003．
[42] 王国平 编著．Dreamweaver MX 2004网页时尚设计师[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．