成人网络实验设计与开发的优化策略研究
摘要
网络实验教学是有效开展成人网络教育教学的一个重要环节,成人网络实验设计与开发的质量在这一环节中起着关键的作用。本研究是在全面调查成人网络实验教学现状的基础上,依据相关的研究理论剖析了成人学习者的学习特征及成人网络实验的内涵;按照成人网络实验的教学目标和成人学习者参与实验的程度将实验重新分类;对各类实验表现形式进行总结,设计出了表现形式优化选择的流程;提出了成人网络实验的设计与开发的优化策略,其中包括实验界面设计、实验呈现方式的选择、开发技术的选择及辅助网络实验学习所需要的系统功能;同时对适用于呈现网络实验的几种开发技术进行了比较;最后以典型的开发案例诠释了本文提出的成人网络实验设计与开发的优化策略。
With the rapid development of computer technology and network technology, the distance education was poured in great energy. In the adult education field, the effect development of adult experimental teaching was promoted by the application and development of adult web-based experiment, which plays an essential role in bringing up innovative talent. But during the distance education system of the separate space’s state, education organization and adult learner produces some unaccommodating state between distance experimental teaching and distance education pattern. Now there are many perplex problems in the aspect of design and exploitation in the area of adult web-based experimental teaching.
The thesis falls into five parts.
Part one is the background about the research and state of design and exploitation of adult web-based experiment. Modern society requires adult not only gain more and more ability but also can be in application in practice. But nowadays, the web-based experimental courses can not meet the need of adult far away. In this part the author studies about the part of national distance educate college which developed adult web-based experiment, summarizes the single of expression、unreasonable exploration technology and the state of exploiting goes surround this state, combines the need of society and the adult learner, analyzes the problem which the web-based experimental teaching is faced with, then made the research approach that this research institute should adopt.
Part two basing on the theories of cognitive learning, design of instruction, and the theory of independent study and teaching. The author defines the adult learner and the adult's web-based experiments. First the author point out that the adult learn is the person who has had some experiences in working; mature body and these people can find self-study chance. Second, the author summarizes the definition of the adult's web-based experiment. Finally, the author sums up that the adult's web-based experiments have four characteristics: fictitiously、openly、practically、repeatedly.
Part three, the author combines the practice of exploit experiment to put forward the design of instruction of the adult web-based experiment, included the previous analysis about the design and exploitation. From the view of design of teaching, the author previously analyzes the design of adult web-based and exploitation system. Previous analysis includes adult’s characteristic, the goal and the type of adult web-based experiment. Generally speaking, the adult chooses distance education in order to abstain more stills so that the can make better job. They also have higher ability in learning and comprehending, so they can learn in distance by themselves independently.
Basing on the relative theory, the author takes into account the circumstance and characteristic of modern society which the adult exist in ,analyses the teaching targets in five facts : comprehension、observation、application、analysis、innovation. According to the characteristics and the grade of the adult participate in experiment, the author classify the web-based experiments, which including three classes. This can help designing and exploitation of adult's web-based experiments.
Part four is the main body of the study. This part introduces the excellent strategy of the adult web-based experiment. This strategy shows the part of the design of exploiting.①Designing interface. Favorable interface can help adult making more actions and can reduce mistake in learning. When interface was designed, the designer should take multi- mode as the preferred way.②Selecting manifestation. The teaching quality was infected by the mode which the web-based experiments present themselves firstly. Only the actual needs and the distinct traits were seized, we can make right chance.③Selecting exploitation technology. Because of the mass job in exploitation, it seems that selecting a sit of fit technologies is very important. Take insuring teaching as precondition, we can take optimize teaching effect and reduce cost into account. According to different teaching targets and experiments types select suited technologies.④Estimate and feedback. When they are in separate condition, the adult are prone to worry about their sore because of lacking the information that come from schoolmate. So it is necessary to increase the whole statistic and the individual contrast function.⑤Patterns of web-based learning. Teachers, learning condition and interactions with classmates are important to adult when it is in their process. A great deal of means are affected all together that can make a splendid atmosphere which can be benefit to the adult.
Part five is the conclusion of the study. In this part the author applied the study in practice. Combining some typical instances, the author finished the design and exploitation. In this part, the author pays attention to the mode of present itself, s electing technology and the definition of virtual experimental 3D-model. Using multi- means promote the effect of adult experimental.
Part six is the conclusion of the paper. In this part, the author sums up the research result, looking into the prospect of the design and exploiting of the adult web-based experiment. At the same time, it’s also expected to be of some help for the adult's web-based experimental teaching.
With the rapid development of computer technology and network technology, the distance education was poured in great energy. In the adult education field, the effect development of adult experimental teaching was promoted by the application and development of adult web-based experiment, which plays an essential role in bringing up innovative talent. But during the distance education system of the separate space’s state, education organization and adult learner produces some unaccommodating state between distance experimental teaching and distance education pattern. Now there are many perplex problems in the aspect of design and exploitation in the area of adult web-based experimental teaching.
The thesis falls into five parts.
Part one is the background about the research and state of design and exploitation of adult web-based experiment. Modern society requires adult not only gain more and more ability but also can be in application in practice. But nowadays, the web-based experimental courses can not meet the need of adult far away. In this part the author studies about the part of national distance educate college which developed adult web-based experiment, summarizes the single of expression、unreasonable exploration technology and the state of exploiting goes surround this state, combines the need of society and the adult learner, analyzes the problem which the web-based experimental teaching is faced with, then made the research approach that this research institute should adopt.
Part two basing on the theories of cognitive learning, design of instruction, and the theory of independent study and teaching. The author defines the adult learner and the adult's web-based experiments. First the author point out that the adult learn is the person who has had some experiences in working; mature body and these people can find self-study chance. Second, the author summarizes the definition of the adult's web-based experiment. Finally, the author sums up that the adult's web-based experiments have four characteristics: fictitiously、openly、practically、repeatedly.
Part three, the author combines the practice of exploit experiment to put forward the design of instruction of the adult web-based experiment, included the previous analysis about the design and exploitation. From the view of design of teaching, the author previously analyzes the design of adult web-based and exploitation system. Previous analysis includes adult’s characteristic, the goal and the type of adult web-based experiment. Generally speaking, the adult chooses distance education in order to abstain more stills so that the can make better job. They also have higher ability in learning and comprehending, so they can learn in distance by themselves independently.
Basing on the relative theory, the author takes into account the circumstance and characteristic of modern society which the adult exist in ,analyses the teaching targets in five facts : comprehension、observation、application、analysis、innovation. According to the characteristics and the grade of the adult participate in experiment, the author classify the web-based experiments, which including three classes. This can help designing and exploitation of adult's web-based experiments.
Part four is the main body of the study. This part introduces the excellent strategy of the adult web-based experiment. This strategy shows the part of the design of exploiting.①Designing interface. Favorable interface can help adult making more actions and can reduce mistake in learning. When interface was designed, the designer should take multi- mode as the preferred way.②Selecting manifestation. The teaching quality was infected by the mode which the web-based experiments present themselves firstly. Only the actual needs and the distinct traits were seized, we can make right chance.③Selecting exploitation technology. Because of the mass job in exploitation, it seems that selecting a sit of fit technologies is very important. Take insuring teaching as precondition, we can take optimize teaching effect and reduce cost into account. According to different teaching targets and experiments types select suited technologies.④Estimate and feedback. When they are in separate condition, the adult are prone to worry about their sore because of lacking the information that come from schoolmate. So it is necessary to increase the whole statistic and the individual contrast function.⑤Patterns of web-based learning. Teachers, learning condition and interactions with classmates are important to adult when it is in their process. A great deal of means are affected all together that can make a splendid atmosphere which can be benefit to the adult.
Part five is the conclusion of the study. In this part the author applied the study in practice. Combining some typical instances, the author finished the design and exploitation. In this part, the author pays attention to the mode of present itself, s electing technology and the definition of virtual experimental 3D-model. Using multi- means promote the effect of adult experimental.
Part six is the conclusion of the paper. In this part, the author sums up the research result, looking into the prospect of the design and exploiting of the adult web-based experiment. At the same time, it’s also expected to be of some help for the adult's web-based experimental teaching.
引文
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①纪河、徐永珍、耿晓君:《成人网络学习策略研究》,《中国远程教育》2006 年第 8 期,第 34-38 页
②郭宝仙:《成人学习者特性和成人教学原则》,《课程与教学》2000 年第 1 期,第 35-36 页
①何克抗:《教学系统设计》,北京师范大学出版社 2002 年 10 月第 1 版,第 80 页
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②杨雪、王硕、黄海林:《网络虚拟实验的界面设计研究与实现》,《中国教育信息化》2007 年第 3期,第 22-24 页
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①刘莉、冯琳、张爱文:《远程教育的学习者(下)——解读上海电视大学的实践与研究》,《中国远程教育》2006 年第 8 期,第 5-13 页
①纪河、徐永珍、耿晓君:《成人网络学习策略研究》,《中国远程教育》2006 年第 8 期,第 34-38 页
②郭宝仙:《成人学习者特性和成人教学原则》,《课程与教学》2000 年第 1 期,第 35-36 页
①何克抗:《教学系统设计》,北京师范大学出版社 2002 年 10 月第 1 版,第 80 页
①[美] Beverly Abbey:《网络教育——教学与认知发展新视角》,中国轻工业出版社 2003 年 1 月第 1 版,第 175 页
②杨雪、王硕、黄海林:《网络虚拟实验的界面设计研究与实现》,《中国教育信息化》2007 年第 3期,第 22-24 页
[1] 习晓远:《仿真技术在实验教学中的作用和地位》,《实验室研究与探索》2002 年第 2 期
[2] 张大中:《计算机在实验教学中的应用探讨》,《实验室研究与探索》2004 年第 9 期
[3] 甘永平、寇斌:《影响网络教育传播的内部因素》,《湖北广播电视大学学报》2004 年第 3 期
[4] 何敏:《网络教育必须突破四大瓶颈》,《IT 时代周刊》2003 年第 1 期
[5] 刘儒德:《学习者特征对网络学习的影响》,《中国电化教育》2004 年第 6 期
[6] 郭宝仙 :《成人学习者特性和成人教学原则》,《课程与教学》2000 年第 1 期
[7] 王晓燕、宋效先:《如何搞好成人教育中的实验教学》,《中国成人教育》2004 年第 4 期
[8] 任红杰:《关于虚拟现实的认识误区》,《自然辩证法研究》2005 年第5 期
[9] 王文胜:《远程网络教育中学习环境建设的探讨》,《中国成人教育》2004 年第 10 期
[10] 王加林:《成人教育面临的问题和努力方向》,《教育与职业》2005 年第 14 期
[11] 赵志立:《试论网络传播对传播理论的冲击》,《社会科学研究》2002年第 4 期
[12] 胡志凌:《基于网络的远程实验教学》,《2001 教育技术国际论坛》 2001 年
[13] 周明秋:《远程网络虚拟实验室支持技术的分析与比较》,《计算机时代》2004 年第 8 期
[14] 马炳新:《略论认知结构对信息传播的影响》,《新闻世界》2003 年 第 4 期
[15] 张宏立:《虚拟现实在仿真实验教学中的应用》,《实验室研究与探索》2005 年第 1 期
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