桌面虚拟实验在实验教学中的作用及其应用条件
摘要
近年来桌面虚拟实验已逐渐应用于实验教学,且数量和规模在不断扩大,对桌面虚拟实验的研究也不断深入,但是,从目前研究的结果来看,对于桌面虚拟实验的研究,多局限在桌面虚拟实验的设计与开发,桌面虚拟实验的优点和局限性以及桌面虚拟实验与传统实验结合的模式研究上,对桌面虚拟实验的应用理论至今还缺乏这方面的研究。
实验教学的主要目的是通过实验建立概念、理解规则,并掌握一定的实验基本知识和技能。本文以加涅的学习结果分类为基础,在现有的对言语信息学习、智慧技能和动作技能学习的研究成果基础上,结合桌面虚拟实验的特点,详细论述了桌面虚拟实验对学生言语信息、智慧技能学习的作用,桌面虚拟实验对培养学生动作技能的作用和桌面虚拟实验对迁移学生实验技能的作用,并在此基础上归纳总结出桌面虚拟实验的应用条件和确定桌面虚拟实验应用的流程,最后通过调查问卷和实验法验证桌面虚拟实验的应用条件。
The desktop virtual experiment already has applied to experiment teaching gradually in recent years, in and quantity and scale expanding unceasingly, the research the desktop virtual experiment is also unceasingly thorough, but, judging from the result studying at present, the research the desktop virtual experiment, most probably is to limit design and exploitation the desktop virtual experiment, the desktop virtual experiment merit and limits the pattern being tied in wedlock as well as the desktop virtual experiment and the tradition experiment studying, do not make a systematic study to suppositional the desktop virtual experiment application theory.
Anthony?Beici thinks: The medium is nimble and substitute in general, focal point is what medium is under the condition of presetting the rightest; As for some concrete teaching targets, existence is more certain comparing with others kind of mediums teaching effect is obvious better than that other medium. Resolve two the following problems owing to that the above-mentioned viewpoint, the main body of a book think of mainly: What experiment that the desktop virtual experiment first is most effective against, what learner that two is that the desktop virtual experiment is most effective against. Ask the primo resolving this two problems to start with experiment teaching purpose, purpose discussing experiment teaching. Clear and definite experiment teaching major objective be pass experiment building-up concept, understand that knowledge, and grasp certain experiment an ABC and technical ability basis upper, use study theory be basis, already some face to face knowledge study, technical ability study research result basis upper be tied in wedlock table top suppositional real characteristic, detailed comment that the desktop virtual experiment face to face student knowledge acquisition effect, that the desktop virtual experiment face to face cultivate student technical ability effect and table top suppositional experiment face to face migrate student experiment technical ability effect. Condition and analyses the sort method that that the desktop virtual experiment of applies , verify suppositional experiment of table top application condition finally by inquiring into the questionnaire and experiment law summing up the application summing up out that the desktop virtual experiment.
The main body of a book is composed of from seven parts. And the Part I author studies law by the document, look up the document being related to the desktop virtual experiment, introduce that the current desktop virtual experiment studies current situation here on the basis, the experience studying based on the analysis studying current situation's to present in combination with medium in the past has set forth cause brought forward by problem, and has set forth the target and research method studying.
Part II is a concept and characteristic having set forth virtual really, the desktop virtual experiment concept, concept and people supposing an experiment suppose content such as the experiment cognition and experiment teaching purpose. Have made clear that the article studies a marriage partner and studies range.
What the main body of a book studies main content has made sufficient explanation in third, four, five and six part.
Part III of article has discussed the desktop virtual experiment checking knowledge's having an effect in hand. In the characteristic supposing the desktop virtual experiment on the definition having set forth knowledge, the basis grasping the knowledge stage, from the desktop virtual experiment effect to the knowledge gaining, the effect that the desktop virtual experiment has in hand to knowledge and the desktop virtual experiment effect to knowledge application, three aspect has discussed the effect that t the desktop virtual experiment has in hand in promoting student knowledge. Reach the desktop virtual experiment overcoming penetrating limitation of material object , beneficial to laying stress on the nature key element and the key characteristic, and passing the conclusion promoting knowledge acquisition and grasping beneficial to image memory and scene memory.
Part IV part of article has discussed the effect that the desktop virtual experiment gains to the technical ability. Stage and pertinent research result taking form combining with the action technical ability and the intelligence technical ability on classed technical ability basis in the definition , setting forth a technical ability, has discussed the desktop virtual experiment effect to handling the technical ability and the intelligence technical ability detailed.
Part V part of article has discussed the desktop virtual experiment effect to removing student knowledge and the technical ability. Classify in having introduced definition and migration learning migrating. Study state and the desktop virtual experiment effect to knowledge and the technical ability to have discussed the desktop virtual experiment migration effect to knowledge and the intelligence technical ability and the desktop virtual experiment migration effect to handling a technical ability combining with learner's initiation.
Sixth part of article is the article priority, according to coming into being that the desktop virtual experiment studies to that knowledge acquisition effect , and the desktop virtual experiment forms to the technical ability to removing student knowledge and the technical ability effect being close to the effect and "human being combining with multi-media model " analyses the application condition reaching the suppositional experiment of table top——What experiment that t the desktop virtual experiment is have the effect and the desktop virtual experiment what to suppose the experiment learner to most effective against. By inquiring into the questionnaire and experiment research method, the conclusion carries out verification on gains.
Seventh part of article, full text sum up and look into the distance. The viewpoint and the point being innovative have carried out the problem having summed up, and discussing the hair that the suppositional the desktop virtual experiment studies after the deficiency and Buddhist monk looking into the distance and studying originally solving on the thesis main part.
And with the development of suppositional real technology and network education, the desktop virtual experiment is relied on whose vivid demonstration effect, nimble interactive nature will be by fields such as applicative broad military affairs, education, medical science, appear with game the situations that the tactics studying waits for to study tactics being tied in wedlock each other such as studying tactics, studying tactics in cooperation. The conclusion studying originally will play arrive at certain direction and draw lessons role to virtual reality technology application educating a field in military affairs field, medical science field.
实验教学的主要目的是通过实验建立概念、理解规则,并掌握一定的实验基本知识和技能。本文以加涅的学习结果分类为基础,在现有的对言语信息学习、智慧技能和动作技能学习的研究成果基础上,结合桌面虚拟实验的特点,详细论述了桌面虚拟实验对学生言语信息、智慧技能学习的作用,桌面虚拟实验对培养学生动作技能的作用和桌面虚拟实验对迁移学生实验技能的作用,并在此基础上归纳总结出桌面虚拟实验的应用条件和确定桌面虚拟实验应用的流程,最后通过调查问卷和实验法验证桌面虚拟实验的应用条件。
The desktop virtual experiment already has applied to experiment teaching gradually in recent years, in and quantity and scale expanding unceasingly, the research the desktop virtual experiment is also unceasingly thorough, but, judging from the result studying at present, the research the desktop virtual experiment, most probably is to limit design and exploitation the desktop virtual experiment, the desktop virtual experiment merit and limits the pattern being tied in wedlock as well as the desktop virtual experiment and the tradition experiment studying, do not make a systematic study to suppositional the desktop virtual experiment application theory.
Anthony?Beici thinks: The medium is nimble and substitute in general, focal point is what medium is under the condition of presetting the rightest; As for some concrete teaching targets, existence is more certain comparing with others kind of mediums teaching effect is obvious better than that other medium. Resolve two the following problems owing to that the above-mentioned viewpoint, the main body of a book think of mainly: What experiment that the desktop virtual experiment first is most effective against, what learner that two is that the desktop virtual experiment is most effective against. Ask the primo resolving this two problems to start with experiment teaching purpose, purpose discussing experiment teaching. Clear and definite experiment teaching major objective be pass experiment building-up concept, understand that knowledge, and grasp certain experiment an ABC and technical ability basis upper, use study theory be basis, already some face to face knowledge study, technical ability study research result basis upper be tied in wedlock table top suppositional real characteristic, detailed comment that the desktop virtual experiment face to face student knowledge acquisition effect, that the desktop virtual experiment face to face cultivate student technical ability effect and table top suppositional experiment face to face migrate student experiment technical ability effect. Condition and analyses the sort method that that the desktop virtual experiment of applies , verify suppositional experiment of table top application condition finally by inquiring into the questionnaire and experiment law summing up the application summing up out that the desktop virtual experiment.
The main body of a book is composed of from seven parts. And the Part I author studies law by the document, look up the document being related to the desktop virtual experiment, introduce that the current desktop virtual experiment studies current situation here on the basis, the experience studying based on the analysis studying current situation's to present in combination with medium in the past has set forth cause brought forward by problem, and has set forth the target and research method studying.
Part II is a concept and characteristic having set forth virtual really, the desktop virtual experiment concept, concept and people supposing an experiment suppose content such as the experiment cognition and experiment teaching purpose. Have made clear that the article studies a marriage partner and studies range.
What the main body of a book studies main content has made sufficient explanation in third, four, five and six part.
Part III of article has discussed the desktop virtual experiment checking knowledge's having an effect in hand. In the characteristic supposing the desktop virtual experiment on the definition having set forth knowledge, the basis grasping the knowledge stage, from the desktop virtual experiment effect to the knowledge gaining, the effect that the desktop virtual experiment has in hand to knowledge and the desktop virtual experiment effect to knowledge application, three aspect has discussed the effect that t the desktop virtual experiment has in hand in promoting student knowledge. Reach the desktop virtual experiment overcoming penetrating limitation of material object , beneficial to laying stress on the nature key element and the key characteristic, and passing the conclusion promoting knowledge acquisition and grasping beneficial to image memory and scene memory.
Part IV part of article has discussed the effect that the desktop virtual experiment gains to the technical ability. Stage and pertinent research result taking form combining with the action technical ability and the intelligence technical ability on classed technical ability basis in the definition , setting forth a technical ability, has discussed the desktop virtual experiment effect to handling the technical ability and the intelligence technical ability detailed.
Part V part of article has discussed the desktop virtual experiment effect to removing student knowledge and the technical ability. Classify in having introduced definition and migration learning migrating. Study state and the desktop virtual experiment effect to knowledge and the technical ability to have discussed the desktop virtual experiment migration effect to knowledge and the intelligence technical ability and the desktop virtual experiment migration effect to handling a technical ability combining with learner's initiation.
Sixth part of article is the article priority, according to coming into being that the desktop virtual experiment studies to that knowledge acquisition effect , and the desktop virtual experiment forms to the technical ability to removing student knowledge and the technical ability effect being close to the effect and "human being combining with multi-media model " analyses the application condition reaching the suppositional experiment of table top——What experiment that t the desktop virtual experiment is have the effect and the desktop virtual experiment what to suppose the experiment learner to most effective against. By inquiring into the questionnaire and experiment research method, the conclusion carries out verification on gains.
Seventh part of article, full text sum up and look into the distance. The viewpoint and the point being innovative have carried out the problem having summed up, and discussing the hair that the suppositional the desktop virtual experiment studies after the deficiency and Buddhist monk looking into the distance and studying originally solving on the thesis main part.
And with the development of suppositional real technology and network education, the desktop virtual experiment is relied on whose vivid demonstration effect, nimble interactive nature will be by fields such as applicative broad military affairs, education, medical science, appear with game the situations that the tactics studying waits for to study tactics being tied in wedlock each other such as studying tactics, studying tactics in cooperation. The conclusion studying originally will play arrive at certain direction and draw lessons role to virtual reality technology application educating a field in military affairs field, medical science field.
引文
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② 李成.从现实到虚拟——实验教学的一条新途径[J].嘉兴学院学报.2002,14,6 P50
③ 郑富龙.仿真实验与传统实验的教学探索[J].实验室研究与探索.2005,9 P84
④ 黄慕雄.电视节目制作虚拟实验室的建设与应用[J].中国电化教育.2005,7 P99
⑤ 马王俊美,邓文生,梁昭峰等.DVR技术在教育领域中的应用研究[J].中国电化教育.2005,4 P86
① 沈亦红.论物理虚拟实验与真实实验的互补作用[J].中国电化教育.2004.7 P42
② 郑富龙.仿真实验与传统实验的教学探索[J].实验室研究与探索.2005.9 P84
③ 陈雅.浅谈虚拟实验在高校教学中的应用[J].广东技术师范学院学报.2003.6 P102
④ 沈亦红.论物理虚拟实验与真实实验的互补作用[J].中国电化教育.2004.7 P42
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