激光模拟打靶系统设计与靶环图像处理技术研究
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摘要
射击训练是日常军事训练中的重要训练项目之一,而目前的射击打靶训练,基本仍以实弹为主,报靶方式也多采用人工报靶,不仅费用开支大,可靠性、公正性以及高效性等都不能得到保障。由于激光具有单色性、高方向性、高亮度、相干性等特点,用激光子弹代替传统的实弹进行射击训练已经成为当前各国部队进行装备改进的一个发展趋势。
本课题设计了一套可用于实际模拟训练中的基于图像处理技术的激光模拟打靶训练系统,该系统利用CCD摄像机拍摄靶面图像,通过图像采集卡将采集到的模拟图像转换成数字图像,存储在计算机中,再经过图像预处理和图像识别判靶后得到射击成绩,即:打靶环数。
本文的主要工作是对视频图像采集系统及图像识别判靶算法进行研究。文中详细介绍了视频图像采集系统的硬件组成和工作原理,它用CCD摄像机及图像采集卡采集靶面图像,并通过视频传输线送至PC机进行实时处理及显示;着重研究了图像的识别判靶方法,包括靶环中心点的确定,环间距的计算,光斑中心点位置的判定以及打靶环值判定。然后,根据设计的算法,用Visual C++6.0编制了自动报靶系统程序以及友好的用户管理界面,能够实现打靶成绩的实时显示,个人信息及成绩的查询、修改、打印等功能。通过实验对设计的报靶系统算法进行了验证,成功地实现了自动报靶。
本系统克服了人工报靶效率低、可靠性差,存在安全隐患等许多弊端,大大提高了报靶效率,且成本较低,具有很好的发展及应用前景。
Shooting training is one of the important training projects in routine military training, at present, the shooting target training is still mainly based on real bullet, and it needs the man to reply the scores to the trainer, its cost is not only expenditure, but the reliability, fairness, and efficiency also can not be guaranteed. As the laser has the characteristics of monochrome, high directivity, high brightness, coherence and so on, it becomes a trend to replace the actual shooting training with the laser bullets targeting system.
This issue highlights a realistic simulation training which based on image processing techniques that can be used in real targeting training. The system uses CCD camera to shoot target surface images, converts analog images into digital images by image capture card, and stores in a computer, then through image preprocessing and image recognition sub-target obtains shooting results, namely: shooting rings.
The essay makes researches on video image acquisition system and image recognition algorithm of sub-target. It relates the hardware composition and working principles of the video acquisition system in detail, it uses CCD camera and image acquisition card to acquire target surface image, and then sends to PC by video transmission line to process and display in real-time; the essay emphasizes on the methods of image recognition, including identifying the target of the center, calculating ring spacing, judging the center location of laser and shooting ring. Experiments were conducted using the image processing software, developed on the basis of VC++6.0 software, and succeed in scoring it automatically, the friendly user interface achieve real-time display, as well as to query, modify or print the personal information and achievements and so on.
Compared with manpower target-scoring, the system was found to be able to improve the credibility and safety and scoring efficiency, and for its low cost, it has good prospects for development and application.
本课题设计了一套可用于实际模拟训练中的基于图像处理技术的激光模拟打靶训练系统,该系统利用CCD摄像机拍摄靶面图像,通过图像采集卡将采集到的模拟图像转换成数字图像,存储在计算机中,再经过图像预处理和图像识别判靶后得到射击成绩,即:打靶环数。
本文的主要工作是对视频图像采集系统及图像识别判靶算法进行研究。文中详细介绍了视频图像采集系统的硬件组成和工作原理,它用CCD摄像机及图像采集卡采集靶面图像,并通过视频传输线送至PC机进行实时处理及显示;着重研究了图像的识别判靶方法,包括靶环中心点的确定,环间距的计算,光斑中心点位置的判定以及打靶环值判定。然后,根据设计的算法,用Visual C++6.0编制了自动报靶系统程序以及友好的用户管理界面,能够实现打靶成绩的实时显示,个人信息及成绩的查询、修改、打印等功能。通过实验对设计的报靶系统算法进行了验证,成功地实现了自动报靶。
本系统克服了人工报靶效率低、可靠性差,存在安全隐患等许多弊端,大大提高了报靶效率,且成本较低,具有很好的发展及应用前景。
Shooting training is one of the important training projects in routine military training, at present, the shooting target training is still mainly based on real bullet, and it needs the man to reply the scores to the trainer, its cost is not only expenditure, but the reliability, fairness, and efficiency also can not be guaranteed. As the laser has the characteristics of monochrome, high directivity, high brightness, coherence and so on, it becomes a trend to replace the actual shooting training with the laser bullets targeting system.
This issue highlights a realistic simulation training which based on image processing techniques that can be used in real targeting training. The system uses CCD camera to shoot target surface images, converts analog images into digital images by image capture card, and stores in a computer, then through image preprocessing and image recognition sub-target obtains shooting results, namely: shooting rings.
The essay makes researches on video image acquisition system and image recognition algorithm of sub-target. It relates the hardware composition and working principles of the video acquisition system in detail, it uses CCD camera and image acquisition card to acquire target surface image, and then sends to PC by video transmission line to process and display in real-time; the essay emphasizes on the methods of image recognition, including identifying the target of the center, calculating ring spacing, judging the center location of laser and shooting ring. Experiments were conducted using the image processing software, developed on the basis of VC++6.0 software, and succeed in scoring it automatically, the friendly user interface achieve real-time display, as well as to query, modify or print the personal information and achievements and so on.
Compared with manpower target-scoring, the system was found to be able to improve the credibility and safety and scoring efficiency, and for its low cost, it has good prospects for development and application.
引文
[1]赵苗.激光模拟打靶训练系统的研究础[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:南昌大学.2008.
[2]周炳琨,高以智,陈家骅.激光原理[M].国防工业出版社.2004,4-45.
[3]朱永军.论军训在学生素质教育中的地位和作用[J].科学教育.2008(4),8-36.
[4]范金兵.高校学生军训工作现状及对策研究.西安邮电学院报[J].2006,11(4): 151-153.
[5]张年进.学生军训工作当前需要解决的几个问题[J].国防.2003(7), 57-58.
[6]杨子宁.光电自动报靶系统的设计与实现[J].军事通信.2007(7),38-42.
[7]许小璇.激光技术在军事领域中的应用[J].电子器件,2003,26(1):98-101.
[8]Deepak Varshneya, Dal Mar,John B.Rose.Low cost laser small arms transmitter and method of aligning the same.United States Patent.2006.6.
[9]One MILLES Small Arms Transmitter (SAT).Training&Simulationg Information Technology.
[10]Cards Number0291.MILLES2000 Training device operational requirements document for replacement of ground direct fire tactical engagement simulation (TES) device,Revision Jul96.
[11]Shlomo Lev.Combat Simulation method and system utilizing lasers with wireless. activatiom United States patent.1999.6.
[12]Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System.
[13]预备役部队军事训练考核大纲[M].中国人民解放军总参谋部.2008,287-298.
[14]何兴仁.半导体激光器发展现状与趋势[J].光电子技术与信息.1999,12(4):14-19.
[15] http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/24466856.html?si=7.
[16] http://www.aienlight.com/Article/laserchanpinxilie/200905/1.html.
[17]王庆有,孙学珠.CCD应用技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1993,15-35.
[18] http://wenda.tianya.cn/wenda/thread?tid=607bddde35b40852.
[19]米本和也,陈榕庭,彭美桂译.CCD/CMOS图像传感器基础与应用[M].科学出版社.2006,159-180.
[20]刘荣生.CCD与CMOS传感器的发展与应用[J].影像材料.2003,5:7-10
[21]105教研室编.枪械构造讲义[M].华东工程学院,1975,117-118.
[22]Li-Yi Wei, Marc Levoy. Fast Texture Synthesis Using Tree-Structured Quantization[J]. Vector Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000,2000, 479~487.
[23]Gonzalez R.C., Woods, R.E. Digital Image Processing(3rd Ed)[D]. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley,1992.
[24]顾敏芬,梁忠诚.激光模拟训练器的研制[D],硕士学位论文.南京:南京师范大学.2004.
[25]冯志强.武器百科[M],中国戏剧出版社.2008,272-284.
[26]尚波.射击训练模拟系统的研究与设计[D].硕士学位论文.大连:大连海事大学. 2008.
[27]何兴仁.半导体激光器应用与发展趋势预测.半导体光电.2004,15(3):216-221.
[28]Solid-State High-Energy LASER WEAPONS,Option &Photonics News January.2003.
[29]李言,李伟明,李贺.VisualC++项目开发全程实录[M].北京:清华大学出版.2008(6),56-58.
[30]刘力天,方兰.使用VisualC++6.0实现视频捕捉编程[J].多媒体世界.1999,10:102～103.
[31]J.L.Garrido Castro,R.Medina-Carnicer,Alfonso Martinez Galisteo. Design and evaluation of a new three-dimensional motion capture system based on video. Gait&Posture(24) 2006:126~129.
[32]图像采集卡软件开发说明书[Z].北京:中国大恒(集团)有限公司北京图像视觉技术分公司,2003.
[33]唐永红.数字图像处理面面观[J].信息科学.2008,15(8):38-39.
[34]Gonzalez R.C, Woods, R.E. Digital Image Processing(3rd Ed)[D]. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley,1992.
[35]章毓晋.图像工程(上册)一图像处理和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005.
[36]韩晓军.数字图像处理技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2009.
[37]黄爱民,安向京,骆力等.数字图像处理与分析基础[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2005,110-123.
[38] Ruderman D.L., Cronin T.W., Chiao C.C.. Statistics of coneresponses to natural images:Implications for visual coding[J]. Journ of Optical Society of America, 1998, 15(8): 2036~204.
[39]余剑.基于CMOS图像传感器的激光射击模拟训练系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京理工大学.2005.
[40]熊俭,熊震宇,丁时锋,冯丽娜.基于DH_CG400的图像采集卡的二次开发[J].南昌航空工业学院学报(自然科学版).2006,20(3):19~22.
[41]齐剑玲,翟晓烨,冉红霞,韩俊秀:基于DM642视频采集系统的设[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版).2008,26(4):52~58.
[42]孔德慧,程世铨,尹宝才等.三维人脸扫描图像数据预处理[J].北京工业大学学报. 2005,5:31~33.
[43]任祥贵,樊红英,吕百达.基于DS_4004HC图像采集卡的二次开发新技术[J].自动化技术.2009,9:106~114.
[44]陈家凤,彭其圣.图像采集卡开发库函数调用及二次开发探讨[J].计算机应用与软件.2005,22(6):84~86.
[45]陈海峰.基于图像处理技术的自动报靶系统研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京航空航天大学.2005.
[46]Kang S B.A survey of image-based rendering techniques[M]. Digital Equipment Corporation.Cambridge Research Lab,Aug.1997.
[47]Vieira L F M, Vilela R D, Nascimento E R, Jr F A F, Carceroni R L, Araujo A A. Automatically choosing source color images for coloring grayscale images[D].SIBGRAPI 2003.
[48]谢凤英,赵丹培. Visual C++数字图像处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2008.
[49]张德丰,MATLAB数字图像处理[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2009.
[50]张燕.一种改进的快速中值滤波算法[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版).2008,16(4):25~27.
[51]宿业勇.基于图像处理技术的军用自动报靶系统研究[D].硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.2007.
[52]宋建萍.基于中心区域的自动图像采集系统开发[J].软件导刊.2008,7(1):31~35.
[53]牛可.用界面反射构建π相移实现光学图像相减[J].物理与工程.2008,2:15~18.
[54]唐冠群.几种激光光斑定位算法的比较[J].北京:北京机械学院学报.2009, 24(1):23~28.
[55]杨章伟.21天学通Visual C++[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[56]赵强.SQL sever数据库编程技范例.北京:清华大学出版社.2005.
[2]周炳琨,高以智,陈家骅.激光原理[M].国防工业出版社.2004,4-45.
[3]朱永军.论军训在学生素质教育中的地位和作用[J].科学教育.2008(4),8-36.
[4]范金兵.高校学生军训工作现状及对策研究.西安邮电学院报[J].2006,11(4): 151-153.
[5]张年进.学生军训工作当前需要解决的几个问题[J].国防.2003(7), 57-58.
[6]杨子宁.光电自动报靶系统的设计与实现[J].军事通信.2007(7),38-42.
[7]许小璇.激光技术在军事领域中的应用[J].电子器件,2003,26(1):98-101.
[8]Deepak Varshneya, Dal Mar,John B.Rose.Low cost laser small arms transmitter and method of aligning the same.United States Patent.2006.6.
[9]One MILLES Small Arms Transmitter (SAT).Training&Simulationg Information Technology.
[10]Cards Number0291.MILLES2000 Training device operational requirements document for replacement of ground direct fire tactical engagement simulation (TES) device,Revision Jul96.
[11]Shlomo Lev.Combat Simulation method and system utilizing lasers with wireless. activatiom United States patent.1999.6.
[12]Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System.
[13]预备役部队军事训练考核大纲[M].中国人民解放军总参谋部.2008,287-298.
[14]何兴仁.半导体激光器发展现状与趋势[J].光电子技术与信息.1999,12(4):14-19.
[15] http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/24466856.html?si=7.
[16] http://www.aienlight.com/Article/laserchanpinxilie/200905/1.html.
[17]王庆有,孙学珠.CCD应用技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1993,15-35.
[18] http://wenda.tianya.cn/wenda/thread?tid=607bddde35b40852.
[19]米本和也,陈榕庭,彭美桂译.CCD/CMOS图像传感器基础与应用[M].科学出版社.2006,159-180.
[20]刘荣生.CCD与CMOS传感器的发展与应用[J].影像材料.2003,5:7-10
[21]105教研室编.枪械构造讲义[M].华东工程学院,1975,117-118.
[22]Li-Yi Wei, Marc Levoy. Fast Texture Synthesis Using Tree-Structured Quantization[J]. Vector Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000,2000, 479~487.
[23]Gonzalez R.C., Woods, R.E. Digital Image Processing(3rd Ed)[D]. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley,1992.
[24]顾敏芬,梁忠诚.激光模拟训练器的研制[D],硕士学位论文.南京:南京师范大学.2004.
[25]冯志强.武器百科[M],中国戏剧出版社.2008,272-284.
[26]尚波.射击训练模拟系统的研究与设计[D].硕士学位论文.大连:大连海事大学. 2008.
[27]何兴仁.半导体激光器应用与发展趋势预测.半导体光电.2004,15(3):216-221.
[28]Solid-State High-Energy LASER WEAPONS,Option &Photonics News January.2003.
[29]李言,李伟明,李贺.VisualC++项目开发全程实录[M].北京:清华大学出版.2008(6),56-58.
[30]刘力天,方兰.使用VisualC++6.0实现视频捕捉编程[J].多媒体世界.1999,10:102～103.
[31]J.L.Garrido Castro,R.Medina-Carnicer,Alfonso Martinez Galisteo. Design and evaluation of a new three-dimensional motion capture system based on video. Gait&Posture(24) 2006:126~129.
[32]图像采集卡软件开发说明书[Z].北京:中国大恒(集团)有限公司北京图像视觉技术分公司,2003.
[33]唐永红.数字图像处理面面观[J].信息科学.2008,15(8):38-39.
[34]Gonzalez R.C, Woods, R.E. Digital Image Processing(3rd Ed)[D]. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley,1992.
[35]章毓晋.图像工程(上册)一图像处理和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005.
[36]韩晓军.数字图像处理技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2009.
[37]黄爱民,安向京,骆力等.数字图像处理与分析基础[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2005,110-123.
[38] Ruderman D.L., Cronin T.W., Chiao C.C.. Statistics of coneresponses to natural images:Implications for visual coding[J]. Journ of Optical Society of America, 1998, 15(8): 2036~204.
[39]余剑.基于CMOS图像传感器的激光射击模拟训练系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京理工大学.2005.
[40]熊俭,熊震宇,丁时锋,冯丽娜.基于DH_CG400的图像采集卡的二次开发[J].南昌航空工业学院学报(自然科学版).2006,20(3):19~22.
[41]齐剑玲,翟晓烨,冉红霞,韩俊秀:基于DM642视频采集系统的设[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版).2008,26(4):52~58.
[42]孔德慧,程世铨,尹宝才等.三维人脸扫描图像数据预处理[J].北京工业大学学报. 2005,5:31~33.
[43]任祥贵,樊红英,吕百达.基于DS_4004HC图像采集卡的二次开发新技术[J].自动化技术.2009,9:106~114.
[44]陈家凤,彭其圣.图像采集卡开发库函数调用及二次开发探讨[J].计算机应用与软件.2005,22(6):84~86.
[45]陈海峰.基于图像处理技术的自动报靶系统研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京航空航天大学.2005.
[46]Kang S B.A survey of image-based rendering techniques[M]. Digital Equipment Corporation.Cambridge Research Lab,Aug.1997.
[47]Vieira L F M, Vilela R D, Nascimento E R, Jr F A F, Carceroni R L, Araujo A A. Automatically choosing source color images for coloring grayscale images[D].SIBGRAPI 2003.
[48]谢凤英,赵丹培. Visual C++数字图像处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2008.
[49]张德丰,MATLAB数字图像处理[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2009.
[50]张燕.一种改进的快速中值滤波算法[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版).2008,16(4):25~27.
[51]宿业勇.基于图像处理技术的军用自动报靶系统研究[D].硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.2007.
[52]宋建萍.基于中心区域的自动图像采集系统开发[J].软件导刊.2008,7(1):31~35.
[53]牛可.用界面反射构建π相移实现光学图像相减[J].物理与工程.2008,2:15~18.
[54]唐冠群.几种激光光斑定位算法的比较[J].北京:北京机械学院学报.2009, 24(1):23~28.
[55]杨章伟.21天学通Visual C++[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[56]赵强.SQL sever数据库编程技范例.北京:清华大学出版社.2005.