门户网站与内部网络数据交换系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着互联网的迅速普及和广泛的应用，以及我国的电子政务系统逐步构建完成以后，政府的许多工作移植到网上实现。如果在推进电子政务的过程中，对支撑各个部门的各种应用系统缺乏统一的规划，就会形成信息孤岛，从而为信息共享带来困难。同时，就某个单位来说，如果没有很好的规划内外网络上应用系统的数据库，就会造成数据的冗余和不一致性，内外应用系统的数据也无法相互同步更新。建立数据交换系统是解决上述问题的有效途径之一。
本论文结合淳安县门户网站与内部办公网络数据交换的实际需求，提出一个政府数据交换模型(Government Data Interchange Model，GDIM)。GDIM是以元数据模型(Meta Data Model)的外挂封装为基础，以支持提供不同数据格式间转换的环境，由此实现不同系统间数据的重整、选取、分析、与封装，进而将它转入到另一个系统中，以增加数据的可重用性。
本文实现的数据交换系统有以下三个主要模块组成：
(1)文件转换规则处理系统(File Transform Rules System)。该系统负责处理来源数据库系统的数据转换规则，其主要目的是将用户所输入的文件格式(File Format)与数据结构(Data Schema)的内容加以处理，并以DOM(Document Object Model)的结构将之传给数据转换系统来作为转换的依据。
(2)数据转换处理系统(Data Transform Process System)。主要是针对数据库系统的实体文件作数据转换(Data Transform)与选取的处理，并将得到的数据依其原有的结构与关系，重新编写成XML的格式，并通过DOM来将其转换为树状的数据型态，以利于提供数据的交换与再使用(Reuse)的处理。
(3)数据交换处理系统(Data Interchange Process System)。将从数据库文件中经选取而重新整合过的数据，通过HTML、CSS(Cascading Style Sheet)等描述语言、接口或程序，进而传送给其它的应用系统，以完成数据交换工作。
本系统与一般数据交换系统相比，特点是：以XML为基础，将其应用于所定义出的通用性的数据交换模型之中，以方便系统维护者进行不同系统数据间的转移工作；这样一来，就不必像传统的做法那样需要个别开发其转换程序，因此不但能增进系统开发的效率、数据的重用性、降低软件系统开发的成本、还可使数据的维护更加容易。
With the prevalence and broad application of Internet, especiallye-government system constructed gradually, many works done bygovernment can be completed on Internet. "Information Isolated Island"will appear if the applications used by different departments are notplanned consistently during the e-government being constructed, thus it'sdifficult to share information. As far as a certain department is concerned,the data will be redundant and inconsistent and the data of internal andexternal applications can't not be updated synchronously if the applicationdatabases of internal and external networks are not planned well. One ofthe effective methods to solve the above problem is to build a datainterchange system.
This paper presents a Government Data Interchange Model (GDIM) on demand of data interchange between website and internal office network ofChun'an County. GDIM is based on the outer suspended encapsulation ofMeta Data Model, which can support an environment of transformingdifferent data format; the data can be reintegrated, extracted, analyzed andencapsulated between different systems, and then transferred to anothersystem to make the data more re-useful. Based on XML which becomes astandard recently, this paper applies it to universal data interchange modeland creates some tools to make the system administrator transfer the databetween different systems more conveniently. Thus, it can improve theefficiency of developing system and data re-use, decrease the cost ofdeveloping software and maintain data easier.
The system has following primary modules and functions:
1) File Transform Rules System: it processes data transform rules fromdatabase system. It aims at processing the file format inputted and dataschema and transferring it to data interchange system in the structure ofDOM for future transform.
2) Data Transform Process System: it transforms and extracts entity file ofdatabase system, rewrites it into XML format in terms of the previousstructure and relation, and then transforms it into tree-shaped data, thusdata interchange and reuse can be improved.
3) Data Interchange Process System: it extracts the data reintegrated fromdatabase and transfers it to other applications by some descriptionlanguages, including HTML, CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), etc., interfaces and programs in order to interchange data.
Compared with other data interchange systems, the system ischaracteristic of following: based on XML; applying XML to general datainterchange model to transfer data between different systems for systemadministrator. It can improve the efficiency of developing system, datareuse, decreasing the cost of developing software and data maintenance.
本论文结合淳安县门户网站与内部办公网络数据交换的实际需求，提出一个政府数据交换模型(Government Data Interchange Model，GDIM)。GDIM是以元数据模型(Meta Data Model)的外挂封装为基础，以支持提供不同数据格式间转换的环境，由此实现不同系统间数据的重整、选取、分析、与封装，进而将它转入到另一个系统中，以增加数据的可重用性。
本文实现的数据交换系统有以下三个主要模块组成：
(1)文件转换规则处理系统(File Transform Rules System)。该系统负责处理来源数据库系统的数据转换规则，其主要目的是将用户所输入的文件格式(File Format)与数据结构(Data Schema)的内容加以处理，并以DOM(Document Object Model)的结构将之传给数据转换系统来作为转换的依据。
(2)数据转换处理系统(Data Transform Process System)。主要是针对数据库系统的实体文件作数据转换(Data Transform)与选取的处理，并将得到的数据依其原有的结构与关系，重新编写成XML的格式，并通过DOM来将其转换为树状的数据型态，以利于提供数据的交换与再使用(Reuse)的处理。
(3)数据交换处理系统(Data Interchange Process System)。将从数据库文件中经选取而重新整合过的数据，通过HTML、CSS(Cascading Style Sheet)等描述语言、接口或程序，进而传送给其它的应用系统，以完成数据交换工作。
本系统与一般数据交换系统相比，特点是：以XML为基础，将其应用于所定义出的通用性的数据交换模型之中，以方便系统维护者进行不同系统数据间的转移工作；这样一来，就不必像传统的做法那样需要个别开发其转换程序，因此不但能增进系统开发的效率、数据的重用性、降低软件系统开发的成本、还可使数据的维护更加容易。
With the prevalence and broad application of Internet, especiallye-government system constructed gradually, many works done bygovernment can be completed on Internet. "Information Isolated Island"will appear if the applications used by different departments are notplanned consistently during the e-government being constructed, thus it'sdifficult to share information. As far as a certain department is concerned,the data will be redundant and inconsistent and the data of internal andexternal applications can't not be updated synchronously if the applicationdatabases of internal and external networks are not planned well. One ofthe effective methods to solve the above problem is to build a datainterchange system.
This paper presents a Government Data Interchange Model (GDIM) on demand of data interchange between website and internal office network ofChun'an County. GDIM is based on the outer suspended encapsulation ofMeta Data Model, which can support an environment of transformingdifferent data format; the data can be reintegrated, extracted, analyzed andencapsulated between different systems, and then transferred to anothersystem to make the data more re-useful. Based on XML which becomes astandard recently, this paper applies it to universal data interchange modeland creates some tools to make the system administrator transfer the databetween different systems more conveniently. Thus, it can improve theefficiency of developing system and data re-use, decrease the cost ofdeveloping software and maintain data easier.
The system has following primary modules and functions:
1) File Transform Rules System: it processes data transform rules fromdatabase system. It aims at processing the file format inputted and dataschema and transferring it to data interchange system in the structure ofDOM for future transform.
2) Data Transform Process System: it transforms and extracts entity file ofdatabase system, rewrites it into XML format in terms of the previousstructure and relation, and then transforms it into tree-shaped data, thusdata interchange and reuse can be improved.
3) Data Interchange Process System: it extracts the data reintegrated fromdatabase and transfers it to other applications by some descriptionlanguages, including HTML, CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), etc., interfaces and programs in order to interchange data.
Compared with other data interchange systems, the system ischaracteristic of following: based on XML; applying XML to general datainterchange model to transfer data between different systems for systemadministrator. It can improve the efficiency of developing system, datareuse, decreasing the cost of developing software and data maintenance.
引文
[1] Michael B. Spring, Reference model for data interchange standards,IEEE Computer Society, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 87-88, Aug. 1996
[2] Rodney Bell, David Sharon, Tools for Engineering New Technologies into Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 11-16, March 1995.
[3] Mary Shaw, Robert DeLine, Daniel V. Klein, Theodore L. Ross, David M.Young, and Gregory Zelesnik, Abstraction for Software Architecture and Tools to Support, IEEE Transactions on software engineering, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 314-335, April 1995.
[4] R. Prieto-Diaz and J.M. Neighbors, Module interconnection languages, J. Syst. Softweare, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 307-334, Nov. 1986
[5] W. F. Tichy, Software development control based on module interconnection, in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Software Enginering, Munich, Germany, pp. 29-41, 1979
[6] J. Magee, J. kramer, and Moris Sloman, Constructing distributed systems in CONIC, IEEE Trans. Software Eng., Vol. SE-15, pp. 663-675, 1989
[7] The International Press Telecommunications Council, http ://www.xe.net/iptc/index.htm
[8] CDIF - Framework for Modeling and Extensibility, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[9] CDIF - Transform Format - General Rules for Syntaxes, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[10] CDIF - Transform Format - Transform Format Syntax - SYNTAX.1, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[11] CDIF - Transform Format - Transform Format Encoding - ENCODING. 1, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[12] CDIF - Integrated Meta-model, Foundation Subject Area, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[13] CDIF - Integrated Meta-model, Common Subject Area, Interim Standard, EIA 1996. CDIF - Integrated Meta-model, Data Flow Subject Area, Interim Standard, EIA 1996.
[14] http://www.cdif.org.
[15] Howard Haughton, and Kevin Lano, Objects Revisited, In Conference on IEEE Software Maintenance, pp. 152-161, Sorrento, Italy, 1991.
[16] R. B. Hull, and C. K. Yap, The Format Model: A Theory of Data Organization. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 518-537, July 1984.
[17] Ivar Jacobson, Object-oriented Development in an Industrial Environment, In OOPSLA Conference, Special Issue of SIGPLAN Notices, pp. 183-191, Orlando, FL, 1987.
[18] Ivar Jacobson, Is Object technology Software's Industrial Platform? IEEE Software, pp. 24-30, Jan. 1993.
[19] Ivar Jacobson, and Fredrik Lindstrom, Re-engineering of Old Systems to an Object Oriented Architecture, In OOPSLA Conference, Special Issue of SIGPLAN Notices, pp. 340-350, Phoenix, AZ, 1991.
[20] 张道顺 白庆华 共享数据库规划建设分析及对策研究[J]信息化建设 2006，3
[21] 黄卫卫，陈怀楚，高国柱等．基于交换的数据存储模式研究．中国高等教育学会教育信息化分会，2004
[22] 阎英科信息交换平台：电子政务的新选择[EB/OL]，http://www.it863.com.cn/Article.asp?articleid=8784,2006-9-21
[23] 王重纲 隆克平 分组交换网络中队列调度算法的研究及其展望[J]．电子学报，2001，29(4)：553-559
[24] 刘泉宝 电子公文与信息交换系统的建设和应用推进[J]信息化建设，2005，9，
[25] 王宇翔 基于资源整合、应急联动、平战结合的应急管理平台架构[J]信息化建设，2005，9
[26] 吴明动 使用XML制作之通用性资料交换模型[D]
[27] 章明，许青松，沈锡臣．基于XML的数据交换共享平台模型[J]．《清华大学学报》(自然科学版)．2003年第43卷第1期，28／37
[28] 海事数据交换平台解决方案 计算机世界报2006年09月18日第36期
[29] 朱学俊，段成华．基于XML交换的物流信息系统设计探讨[J]．系统建设．2002，6．3
[30] 符海芳 向南平 国产GIS软件的数据交换—Epscan、Rdms间的数据交换[J]北京测绘2001年01期
[31] 周铱鑫 程承旗 等 空间数据共享及其解决方案[C]中国地理信息系统协会1998年会论文集，1998，6
[32] 边馥苓，傅仲良，王春风．GIS基础数据共享机制及关键技术问题[J]．地理信息世界，1999，第2期
[33] 罗凌．NET平台中XML与Web数据库双向数据交换接口的研究和实现[J]微计算机信息2006年第9-3期
[34] 孙广芝 元数据：网络资源共享的基础[J]，情报科学，2001年07期
[35] 王春新 徐孟春 韩儒博 一种基于JCA的数据交换架构[J]微计算机信息2006年第1-3期
[36] 胡萍，李文华．基于XML的数据转换中间件的研究与实现[J]．微机发展，2003，13(6)：72～74
[37] 朱韵篪，程代杰基于XML的分布式数据转换中间件模型设计[J]．计算机工程与设计，2003，24(8)：35～40
[38] 宋宗显，陈怀义基于XML非连接的Web数据访问技术[J]．计算机工程与科学，2004，26(1)：11～14
[39] HENRY B．Java Soap编程指南[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[40] 李鸣，张安强，林健一种基于XML和ADO技术的异构数据库访问中间件的设计与实现[J]．空军工程大学学报：自然科学版，2002，3(4)：43-45
[41] 王仲，陈晓鸥 基于XML的数据交换与存储技术研究．计算机工程与应用[J]，2001，37(24)：108～111
[2] Rodney Bell, David Sharon, Tools for Engineering New Technologies into Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 11-16, March 1995.
[3] Mary Shaw, Robert DeLine, Daniel V. Klein, Theodore L. Ross, David M.Young, and Gregory Zelesnik, Abstraction for Software Architecture and Tools to Support, IEEE Transactions on software engineering, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 314-335, April 1995.
[4] R. Prieto-Diaz and J.M. Neighbors, Module interconnection languages, J. Syst. Softweare, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 307-334, Nov. 1986
[5] W. F. Tichy, Software development control based on module interconnection, in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Software Enginering, Munich, Germany, pp. 29-41, 1979
[6] J. Magee, J. kramer, and Moris Sloman, Constructing distributed systems in CONIC, IEEE Trans. Software Eng., Vol. SE-15, pp. 663-675, 1989
[7] The International Press Telecommunications Council, http ://www.xe.net/iptc/index.htm
[8] CDIF - Framework for Modeling and Extensibility, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[9] CDIF - Transform Format - General Rules for Syntaxes, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[10] CDIF - Transform Format - Transform Format Syntax - SYNTAX.1, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[11] CDIF - Transform Format - Transform Format Encoding - ENCODING. 1, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[12] CDIF - Integrated Meta-model, Foundation Subject Area, Interim Standard, EIA 1994.
[13] CDIF - Integrated Meta-model, Common Subject Area, Interim Standard, EIA 1996. CDIF - Integrated Meta-model, Data Flow Subject Area, Interim Standard, EIA 1996.
[14] http://www.cdif.org.
[15] Howard Haughton, and Kevin Lano, Objects Revisited, In Conference on IEEE Software Maintenance, pp. 152-161, Sorrento, Italy, 1991.
[16] R. B. Hull, and C. K. Yap, The Format Model: A Theory of Data Organization. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 518-537, July 1984.
[17] Ivar Jacobson, Object-oriented Development in an Industrial Environment, In OOPSLA Conference, Special Issue of SIGPLAN Notices, pp. 183-191, Orlando, FL, 1987.
[18] Ivar Jacobson, Is Object technology Software's Industrial Platform? IEEE Software, pp. 24-30, Jan. 1993.
[19] Ivar Jacobson, and Fredrik Lindstrom, Re-engineering of Old Systems to an Object Oriented Architecture, In OOPSLA Conference, Special Issue of SIGPLAN Notices, pp. 340-350, Phoenix, AZ, 1991.
[20] 张道顺 白庆华 共享数据库规划建设分析及对策研究[J]信息化建设 2006，3
[21] 黄卫卫，陈怀楚，高国柱等．基于交换的数据存储模式研究．中国高等教育学会教育信息化分会，2004
[22] 阎英科信息交换平台：电子政务的新选择[EB/OL]，http://www.it863.com.cn/Article.asp?articleid=8784,2006-9-21
[23] 王重纲 隆克平 分组交换网络中队列调度算法的研究及其展望[J]．电子学报，2001，29(4)：553-559
[24] 刘泉宝 电子公文与信息交换系统的建设和应用推进[J]信息化建设，2005，9，
[25] 王宇翔 基于资源整合、应急联动、平战结合的应急管理平台架构[J]信息化建设，2005，9
[26] 吴明动 使用XML制作之通用性资料交换模型[D]
[27] 章明，许青松，沈锡臣．基于XML的数据交换共享平台模型[J]．《清华大学学报》(自然科学版)．2003年第43卷第1期，28／37
[28] 海事数据交换平台解决方案 计算机世界报2006年09月18日第36期
[29] 朱学俊，段成华．基于XML交换的物流信息系统设计探讨[J]．系统建设．2002，6．3
[30] 符海芳 向南平 国产GIS软件的数据交换—Epscan、Rdms间的数据交换[J]北京测绘2001年01期
[31] 周铱鑫 程承旗 等 空间数据共享及其解决方案[C]中国地理信息系统协会1998年会论文集，1998，6
[32] 边馥苓，傅仲良，王春风．GIS基础数据共享机制及关键技术问题[J]．地理信息世界，1999，第2期
[33] 罗凌．NET平台中XML与Web数据库双向数据交换接口的研究和实现[J]微计算机信息2006年第9-3期
[34] 孙广芝 元数据：网络资源共享的基础[J]，情报科学，2001年07期
[35] 王春新 徐孟春 韩儒博 一种基于JCA的数据交换架构[J]微计算机信息2006年第1-3期
[36] 胡萍，李文华．基于XML的数据转换中间件的研究与实现[J]．微机发展，2003，13(6)：72～74
[37] 朱韵篪，程代杰基于XML的分布式数据转换中间件模型设计[J]．计算机工程与设计，2003，24(8)：35～40
[38] 宋宗显，陈怀义基于XML非连接的Web数据访问技术[J]．计算机工程与科学，2004，26(1)：11～14
[39] HENRY B．Java Soap编程指南[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[40] 李鸣，张安强，林健一种基于XML和ADO技术的异构数据库访问中间件的设计与实现[J]．空军工程大学学报：自然科学版，2002，3(4)：43-45
[41] 王仲，陈晓鸥 基于XML的数据交换与存储技术研究．计算机工程与应用[J]，2001，37(24)：108～111